Kai Ming Chow

..We examine the chance of developing fracture in patients with and without hyponatraemia after taking thiazide diuretics...

..The availability of a direct renin inhibitor may redirect research toward finding a remedy for this troublesome disease...

..Isoniazid-induced pancreatitis, if highly suspicious or confirmed with re-challenge test, mandates permanent avoidance of the drug...

..The question arises whether hypotonic sweat loss mitigates the risk of excessive water drinking in hot summer...

..Although recent research has reported an evolution in the level of medical care, little is known about secular trends in the medical discharge summary...

..The pursuit towards understanding lead nephropathy is presented as a successful illustration of human occupational and public health...

..We studied the clinical impact of failing to adhere to a peritoneal dialysis training programme among incident dialysis patients...

..We compare the clinical performance of two culture methods to diagnose the causative microorganisms as suggested by the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis and the United Kingdom Health Protection Agency...

..Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has now been increasingly accepted as a primary treatment option for transplant renal artery stenosis...

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..Because certain VEGF polymorphisms are correlated with alterations in VEGF expression, we hypothesized that VEGF genetic polymorphisms may affect the renal survival and progression of primary IgA nephropathy...

..A better understanding of antibiotic-related neurotoxicity, as derived from animal models and human clinical experience, would be of value in facilitating more efficient and safer use of antimicrobial compounds...

..Prompt recovery of the serum biochemistry is to be expected, in contradistinction to genuine renal failure or kidney insults...

..Human errors have proven to be one of the most formidable patient care challenges in acute hospital setting...

..Clinical outcomes among patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) might not be linked to medical factors alone. We studied the clinical impact of various social factors among patients on PD...

..We studied the clinical characteristics that influence the risk of dialysis-related peritonitis complication in incident Chinese patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)...

..6, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 5.1, P=0.004). Our results show that symptoms from thiazide-induced hyponatremia primarily reflect osmotic water shift into brain cells rather than extracellular fluid volume depletion...

..These results call attention to the value of validating prognostic factors of peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis...

..This study examined the clinical impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) training nurses regarding Gram-positive peritonitis among incident dialysis patients...

..The practice of Tenckhoff catheter insertion by nephrologists remains uncommon in most countries. ♢..

..The response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine remains suboptimal among the dialysis population...

..Relatively little is known of the epidemiology and predictors of sudden death in peritoneal dialysis (PD) populations. We aimed to identify the risk factors of sudden death among PD subjects...

..However, we lack information on the benefit of early nephrologist referral in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD)...

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..To investigate the effect of antibiotic lock solutions for preventing catheter-related bacteraemia in patients receiving haemodialysis...

..However, few data exist for Asian population; clinicians have to rely upon indirect evidence by extrapolating the results from Caucasians to Asian recipients...

..Despite the clinical observations that iodide mumps resolved with conservative management, it should be emphasized that recurrence is common if vulnerable patients are subjected to further iodinated contrast media...

..The significant incremental expense in the use of conventional sevelamer dose prompted us to evaluate the role of prescribing a lower dose of sevelamer...

..Abnormal potassium metabolism may contribute to the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality seen in dialysis patients. We studied the pattern of serum potassium levels in a cohort of Chinese peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients...

..More recently, TGF-beta1 codon 10 gene polymorphism has been shown to be associated with circulating TGF-beta levels. We tested whether TGF-beta1 genotype polymorphism was predictive of renal allograft function decline...

..To study the effect of increasing the daytime dialysis exchange frequency on dialysis adequacy and nutritional status of Chinese anuric patients...

..We hypothesis that VEGF genetic polymorphism may affect the longitudinal change of peritoneal transport and clinical outcome of peritoneal dialysis patients...

..We studied the intra-renal expression of miRNA targets that were reported to be differentially expressed in peripheral blood or urine between lupus nephritis (LN) patients and normal controls...

..The change of PNA over six months, denoted as APNA-Rand and APNA-Berg, were calculated. The results were compared by the Bland and Altman's method...

..Culture-negative peritonitis is a serious complication in peritoneal dialysis patients...

..The degree of renal scarring in kidney biopsy is an important prognostic factor in patients with chronic kidney diseases. We hypothesize that gene expression in the urinary sediment reflects the degree of renal damage...

..Early evidence suggests that peritoneal permeability is affected by nitric oxide (NO) activity. Recently, a gene polymorphism of the endothelial NO synthase (ENOS) gene was identified that is associated with circulating nitrate levels...

..Rosiglitazone (RSG), a thiazolidinedione, can improve insulin resistance, and its excretion does not rely on renal function. Moreover, it has an anti-inflammatory effect that might be beneficial in patients with renal failure...

..An early assessment of peritoneal function after Tenckhoff catheter reinsertion may be valuable...

..Although our trial has limited statistical power, we find that in PD patients with mild acidosis and Kt/V <2.1, oral sodium bicarbonate probably improve nutritional status and reduce the duration of hospitalization...

..These miRNA species may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of IgA nephropathy...

..The interplay between intrarenal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and type 2 ACE (ACE2) might play important roles in the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HTN), but human data are limited...

..Although the clinico-pathological entity of uremic pleuritis has long been recognized, its clinical significance remains poorly defined. ♢..

..Previous studies found that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays a conflicting role in peritoneal fibrosis. We hypothesise that TGF-beta acts on peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) via VEGF and CTGF as downstream mediators...

..The role of the tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/Fn14 and interferon-inducible protein (IP-10)/CXCR3 axis in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis were studied...

..However, few studies have evaluated therapeutic approaches for preserving residual renal function after the initiation of dialysis...

..We examined the relation between serum soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) levels and the outcome of Chinese PD patients...

..To examine urinary expression of podocyte-associated molecules in patients with lupus nephritis (LN)...

..Because polymicrobial peritonitis is believed to be caused by bowel perforation in peritoneal dialysis patients, surgical exploration is often recommended. However, there is recent evidence that antibiotic therapy may be a safe alternative...

..We compared a newly formulated solution of neutral pH and low levels of GDP to a standard PD solution...

..This study evaluated the association between residual renal function (RRF) and the severity of LVH in endstage renal failure (ESRF) patients undergoing long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)...

..Although DATT may be less accurate for CAPD patients with three daily exchanges, it remains a specific method to identify low and high transporters...

..Malnutrition is common among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, the ideal marker of nutritional status in PD patients remained controversial...

..Hence, lifelong follow-up is advised, as the clinical features and prognosis of these patients with persistent microscopic hematuria and marginally thin GBM are similar to traditional TBMD...

..Patients who have no history of glucose intolerance may develop hyperglycemia after the initiation of PD therapy. However, the prevalence and long-term implications of new-onset hyperglycemia in PD patients has not been studied...

..The clinical behavior and optimal treatment of relapsing and recurrent peritonitis episodes in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis are poorly understood...

..Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species is the most common cause of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis; however, the optimal treatment strategy of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species peritonitis remains controversial...

..The GST M1 (-) genotype causes deficiency of the enzyme when compared with the GST M1 (+) genotype. We investigated the effects of the GST M1 (-)/(+) polymorphism on the clinical outcomes of Chinese PD patients...

..We examined the prognostic value and factors that govern the longitudinal change of arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) in Chinese PD patients...

..We hypothesize that studying the gene expression profile of podocyte in urinary sediment may provide diagnostic and prognostic information on acquired proteinuric diseases...

..We hypothesize that peritoneal albumin excretion in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, which is conceptually analogous to microalbuminuria in non-uremic patients, can predict cardiovascular disease in new PD patients...

..We study whether intra-renal and urinary messenger RNA expression of podocyte-associated molecules could be used to estimate glomerular podocyte number in patients with diabetic nephropathy...

..It is possible that after a prolonged period on dialysis, anuric patients are qualitatively different from patients with residual renal function...

..The use of peritoneal dialysis has expanded in many developing subtropical countries; however, the role of climatic factors in dialysis-related peritonitis has not been studied in detail...

..We studied whether peritoneal Kt/V has the same effect in CAPD patients with residual renal function...

..However, the functional relevance of aquaporin in mesothelial cells remains uncertain because endothelial cells are generally regarded as the major barrier of peritoneal transport...

..The relationship between this polymorphism and the risk of cardiovascular disease was investigated in Chinese subjects with overt diabetic nephropathy...

..Plasma PAI-1 concentrations are higher in subjects homozygous for the 4G allele than other genotypes (5G/5G and 4G/5G). Such genetic variation in fibrinolytic system may affect the long-term renal transplant outcome...

..Vascular pedicle width (VPW) and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) in routine chest radiograph are indicators of intravascular volume. Longitudinal changes of VPW and CTR may be important prognostic factors of PD patients...

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..The relationship between two IL-18 gene polymorphisms, namely C-607A and G-137C, and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy was examined...

..Since peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution contains glucose, the insulin requirement of these patients often increases after commenced on PD. However, the change in insulin requirement has not been studied systematically...

..Recently, TGF-beta T869C (Leu 10Pro) gene polymorphism has been identified which may be associated with circulating TGF-beta levels...

..Correction of mild acidosis in dialysis patients is effective in improving nutritional status and reducing the duration of hospitalization...

..Recently, the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) was found to be a reliable tool for screening malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. However, the GNRI has not been validated in PD patients...

..Intuitively, strategies that aim to change the underlying biology of the disease process of NODAT are desirable; among them, lifestyle modification is currently the most promising in terms of real benefit with the least risk...

..While we demonstrated no delays in acute stroke presentation accrued from enactment of the emergency room fee, physicians should endeavor to further explore strategies of reducing the late presentation of acute stroke...

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..Based on recent advances and clinical studies, ways of maximizing the success of peritoneal dialysis treatment in high transporters are discussed, and management strategies are proposed...

..In other biological systems, bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) is a key factor that controls this process. However, the role of BMP-7 in peritoneal physiology has not been studied...

..Carotid IMT is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease in Chinese predialysis patients and may be usefully applied for risk stratification in this group of patients...

..A slightly longer training time is to be expected for elderly patients. Self-care CAPD for elderly patients who are capable of performing their own exchanges provides them with an independent home life...

..We examined the relationship between two PPAR-gamma gene polymorphisms, namely the P12A and C161T, and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy...

..Whether ACE inhibition will have a beneficial effect on the outcome of these patients needs further investigation...

..Peritonitis due to Pseudomonas species is a serious complication in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The clinical course of peritonitis due to Pseudomonas complicating CAPD remains unclear...

..However, the clinical course of Corynebacterium peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis remains unclear...

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..The long-term implications and the underlying explanation for this ethnical difference require further investigations...

..Actions are needed to tackle both the traditional and the nontraditional factors for cardiovascular disease in order to treat this problem causing the highest mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients...

..Reciprocal creatinine plot is often used to monitor patients with progressive renal insufficiency and to predict the onset of dialysis, although the latter practice has not been validated...

..Despite some limitations related to the relatively small size, this series indicates that distinction of acute and chronic lesions of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis is important for both the prognosis and management of patients...

..In the present study, we studied the magnitude of problem and explored the relationship between the number of prescribed medications and the clinical outcome of a large cohort of prevalent peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients...

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..It shows NCSE as a differential diagnosis for acute confusion. We emphasize the need for nephrologists to consider NCSE as a differential diagnosis for uremic encephalopathy...

..Particular efforts should therefore be made to explore the underlying reason(s) for the Asian peritoneal dialysis patient survival advantage. Alternative approach and guidelines to peritoneal dialysis delivery in Asia might be warranted...

..37, 95%CI 0.27-0.50; p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION: Hyponatraemia is a common problem after thiazide therapy. Extra caution and close monitoring are warranted when prescribing thiazides for elderly patients with low body mass...