Lin Lu

..Time-dependent increases in BDNF levels may lead to synaptic modifications that underlie enhanced responsiveness to cocaine cues after prolonged withdrawal periods...

..These data suggest that BDNF-mediated neuroadaptations in mesolimbic areas are involved in the persistent cocaine seeking induced by exposure to drug cues after withdrawal...

..Results suggest that the incubation of cocaine craving is mediated by time-dependent increases in the responsiveness of the central amygdala ERK pathway to cocaine cues...

..0 microg) 1.5 mm dorsal from the NAc core into the caudate-putamen were ineffective. Results suggest an important role of glutamate transmission in the NAc shell in context-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking...

..These findings suggest that central amygdala glutamate plays an important role in the incubation of reward craving after withdrawal from both drug and non-drug rewards...

..Stereotactic neurosurgery is a well-developed and accepted treatment for movement disorders like Parkinson's disease...

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..With continuous application of these therapies and managements that have been proved to be effective in harm reduction in the western countries, we believe that drug abuse and its related problems in China will be brought under control...

..Pharmacological manipulations that decrease the extent to which cocaine and cocaine cues induce ERK activity might therefore be considered as potential treatments for cocaine addiction...

..Finally, we draw on findings from pharmacological studies and discuss the neurotransmitters and neurohormones underlying CPP produced by ethanol, nicotine, and caffeine...

..To evaluate clinical trials and neurochemical mechanisms of the action of traditional herbal remedies and acupuncture for treating drug addiction...

..Our findings have provided evidence for effective inventions on preventing relapse after abstinence in addicts...

..Here, we studied the role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in incubation of cocaine craving because, like BDNF, GDNF provides trophic support to midbrain dopamine neurons...

..Results indicate that PKMζ activity in accumbens core is a critical cellular substrate for the maintenance of memories of relapse-provoking reward cues during prolonged abstinence periods...

..Heroin use and withdrawal cause abnormality in the endocrine system. However, the time course of neuroendocrine alterations in heroin addicts during pharmacologically unassisted withdrawal is still unclear...

..The memory retrieval-extinction procedure is a promising nonpharmacological method for decreasing drug craving and relapse during abstinence...

..Additionally, this "incubation of morphine craving" is mediated by acute activation of central amygdala ERK pathway...

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..A context that is repeatedly paired with reinforcing drugs will acquire secondary reinforcing properties (conditioned reward). However, the effects of conditioned reward on spatial learning are unknown...

..These findings suggest a novel neuropeptide system target in the development of new antidepressants...

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..These results show that stress blocks reconsolidation of a drug-related memory, and this effect is mediated by activation of GRs in the BLA...

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..The present study was to examine whether there was a variation in drug-related cue reactivity across the diurnal cycle among recently abstinent opiate addicts...

..These findings indicate that cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking is mediated by activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in the NAc core...

..The partial dopamine D(2) receptor agonist aripiprazole has recently been tested as a treatment for stimulant and alcohol dependence in both animal and clinical studies...

..These results indicate that GSK-3β activity in the BLA mediates the reconsolidation of cocaine cue memories...

..The potential of beta-adrenergic blockade to reduce or block stress-induced enhancement of drug-related memory retrieval may be relevant to preventing stress-induced relapse in abstinent heroin addicts...

..Impulsive decision making may contribute to relapse through a poorly considered assessment of the consequences of drug use. Drug cues robustly increase subjective craving, which is frequently associated with relapse...

..These results suggest that immunization with a novel vaccine is an effective means of inducing a morphine-specific antibody response that is able to attenuate the behavioral and psychoactive effects of heroin...

..However, there are no published studies of changes in expression of clock genes or of other neuropeptides related to circadian-rhythm regulation, which may influence relapse susceptibility...

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..However, no study of the effects of acute CMD has been previously conducted. Therefore, we investigated whether the attenuation of serotonin and dopamine synthesis changes cue-induced alcohol craving in recently abstinent alcoholics...

..Calcineurin has been suggested to participate in psychostimulant-induced sensitization, but the underlying neurobiological mechanism is poorly understood...

..The present study investigated the effects of clonidine, which decreased norepinephrine release through presynaptic alpha-2 receptor activation, on the impaired decision-making performance in abstinent heroin addicts...

..Our findings suggested that rapamycin merits outpatient clinical trials as a potential pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention from drug-related cue induced craving...

..Results indicate that glutamate transmission in the VTA plays an important role in contextual cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking...

..Although the new trends of drug addiction in China pose great public health challenges, these government interventions are likely to successfully stem the problem of drug abuse in the future...

..In this randomized multicenter clinical trial we evaluated the efficacy and safety of Jinniu capsules used to treat the symptoms of heroin withdrawal, as compared with lofexidine...

..Using a rat relapse model, recent studies reported time dependent increases in cocaine seeking induced by re-exposure to cocaine cues, but not cocaine itself, over withdrawal periods of up to 3 months...

..Results also indicate that while the incubation of responsiveness to cocaine cues is a long lasting phenomenon, it is not permanent...

..The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to assess the effect of a single intramuscular dose of TTX on cue-induced craving and anxiety in abstinent heroin addicts...

..While many manipulations used to study these consequences alter mother-infant interactions, the effects of sibling interactions are less well characterized...

..The present study demonstrated that GTP exerts antidepressant-like effects in a mouse behavioral models of depression, and the mechanism may involve inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis...

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..Our findings suggest that offering non-drug rewards could be a valuable approach to maintain abstinence and preventing relapse in drug addicts...

..These results indicate that SN50 disrupts morphine-related memory reconsolidation by inhibiting NF-κB, and this effect can be reversed by inhibiting histone acetylation...

..Cocaine self-administration produces long-lasting molecular neuroadaptations in the VTA and accumbens that may underlie cocaine relapse during periods of abstinence...

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..These results indicate that cocaine self-administration and subsequent withdrawal induces long-lasting and differential neuroadaptations in basolateral and central amygdala glutamate receptors...

..The main focus of the review is on the definition and the practical aspects of harm reduction; it includes a brief introduction of Chinese harm-reduction efforts and their implications...

..Our findings suggest that chronic opioid use induces long-lasting striatum dopamine neuron impairment, and prolonged withdrawal from opioids can benefit the recovery of impaired dopamine neurons in the brain...

..PA symptoms have rarely been compared between drug-free and methadone-maintained former heroin users after similar lengths of heroin abstinence...

..The aim of the study was to determine if clonidine administered during morphine withdrawal in rhesus monkeys produces long-lasting effects on withdrawal symptoms and alters the effects of subsequently taken drugs of abuse...

..4. Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal is associated with increases in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mesolimbic dopamine areas...

..Our findings will provide richer information in understanding dysregulation of their emotional memory processing under stress and hopefully provide insight into designing improved treatments for drug addiction...

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..These findings indicate that withdrawal from chronic morphine treatment resulted in desynchronization from the SCN rhythm, with blunting of rPER1 and rPER2 expression in reward-related neurocircuits and PBMCs...

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..Here we presumed that stress after memory reactivation can effectively inhibit drug-related memory by disrupting its reconsolidation in abstinent heroin addicts...

..One limitation of this meta-analysis is the poor quality of the methodology of some included trials. High-quality studies are needed to confirm findings regarding the side effects and medication dosage...

..Our findings suggest that sleep plays a critical role in morphine reward memory reconsolidation, and sleep deprivation may be a potential non-pharmacotherapy for the management of relapse associated with drug-related memory...

..These data also suggest the cystine-glutamate transporter as a novel target for medication that could prevent cocaine relapse...

..Our meta-analysis suggests that Chinese herbal medicine is an effective and safety treatment for heroin detoxification. And more work is needed to determine the specific effects of specific forms of Chinese herbal medicine...

..In this study, we investigated whether propranolol impairs the drug-related memory by disrupting the reconsolidation process in heroin addicts...

..EPSD on PN1 improved, but on PN7 impaired performance of the spatial learning task in adult female rats. However, EPSD did not have any effect on the spatial learning ability in adult male rats...

..Given that TCM is effective in the prevention of relapse and causes fewer side effects, it may be used widely in the treatment of opiate addiction...

..In the future, NIDD will continue to engage in various aspects of drug addiction research and will enter the field of brain function...

..The purpose of this study is to assess social support and demographic factors that influence the success of smoking cessation aided with sublingual nicotine tablets in a Han Chinese population...

..Our findings suggest that Poly I:C-induced immune challenge has no effects on acute physical opioid withdrawal symptoms but facilitates depression-like behavior...

..The abstinent heroin-dependent participants had significantly higher plasma cortisol levels nocturnally suggesting a loss of diurnal variation in these heroin subjects...

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..However, changing the public's attitudes toward drug abusers and breaking the link between drug use and HIV spread are equally important...

..Opiate use can also produce abnormal pain perception. We predicted that for opiate addicts (OAs), there may be an association between these two major features of addiction (drug craving and abnormal pain responses)...

..To estimate, via meta-analysis, the influence of different methadone dose ranges and dosing strategies on retention rates in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)...

..The broader implications of the data reviewed here for future research and for the treatment of opiate and psychostimulant addiction are briefly discussed...

..These data suggest a role of specific BDNF promoter regions and regulatory sequences in stimulant-induced alterations in BDNF expression, and in the alterations that changed BDNF expression is likely to confer in the brain...

..To investigate HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) and clients in a mining region of China...

..Finally, there appears to be a good correspondence between the events that induce reinstatement in laboratory animals and those that provoke relapse in humans...

..These observations suggest that ATS use may have contributed to the rapid increase in sexual transmission of HIV in China...

..Sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS showed an increasing trend in them, with a low prevalence in general population, but appeared a wide spread in local areas...

..CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrate dissociable roles of CRF1 receptors in the BNST, amygdala, and NAc in footshock-stress- vs morphine-priming-induced reinstatement of drug CPP...

..We recommend more dialogue and collaboration between Germany and China...

..We discuss implications of our results for understanding the evolution of the HIV-1 pandemic and for vaccine development...

..These results demonstrate direct and indirect regulation of the phosphorylation state of a Cdk5/ERK1/2 site on TH and suggest a role for these pathways in the neuroadaptive changes associated with chronic cocaine exposure...

..These findings demonstrated that social environments can modify neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in adult hippocampal regions, which is associated with alterations in spatial learning and memory...

..Our results suggest that variation in the BDNF gene may be a risk factor for weight gain in male patients with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotic treatment, and decreased BDNF levels may be associated with weight gain in females...

..Important properties of motifs such as sequence conservation and solvent accessible surface area are also displayed in the visualizations, using carefully chosen color shading schemes...

..4% of the children was found to have Goiter under ultrasonography. Median level of urinary iodine was 466.9 microg/L, and the qualified rate of iodized salt was 94.9%. CONCLUSION: The estimated prevalence rate of subcretin was 2.8%...

..These results suggest that the CRF receptor antagonist, particularly the CRF receptor subtype 1 antagonist, might be of some value in the treatment of cocaine addiction and cocaine-related behavioral disorders...

..The present study aimed to investigate whether SCN5A polymorphism was related to the occurrence of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (IVA) in Chinese Han patients...

..The present study suggests that CRF receptor antagonists might be of value in the treatment and prevention of relapse to drug seeking after long-term abstinence...

..HIV has advanced from high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users to some in the general population, according to comprehensive new data from the south of China. What needs to be done to halt its spread?..

..CCK-B receptor antagonists might be of some value in the treatment and prevention of relapse to stress-induced to drug craving following long-term detoxification...

..Since the reinstatement effects of ketamine administration were inhibited by rimonabant, these findings suggest that a cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist may be useful in preventing relapse to ketamine abuse...

..We investigated the impact of glycated albumin (GA) and endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) and RAGE polymorphisms on occurrence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes...

..Given the important role of EPCs in neovascularization of ischemic tissue, a decrease in the number and activity of EPCs may contribute to the impaired vascularization in patients with CAD...

..Further investigations should be carried out on the epidemiology of redundant prepuce and phimosis, the acceptance and socio-cultural context of MC and the development of simpler and safer methods for MC...