Wu Chun Cao

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..These findings imply that hantavirus Jililn-AP06 strain from A. peninsulae is a new record of rodent-borne AMR virus in China. A. peninsulae might be a natural carrier of two distinct hantaviruses, AMR virus and HTNV in China...

..garinii and one (2 %) was infected with B. afzelii. Twelve (75 %) of the positive rodents were infected with B. garinii and four (25 %) were infected with the Borrelia spirochaete belonging to B. valaisiana-related group...

..sibirica and discovered a novel rickettsial agent in this area, the sequence of which was identical to that of DnS14 genotype Rickettsia previously reported in the former Soviet Union...

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..This study detected the spatiotemporal distribution of malaria and explored the association between malaria epidemics and climate factors in Hainan...

..It is necessary to understand the spatial distribution of malaria cases and to identify highly endemic areas for future public health planning and resource allocation in Anhui Province...

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..In this study, we conducted a geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis on distribution of HFRS cases for the whole country with an objective to inform priority areas for public health planning and resource allocation...

..This newly recognized scrub typhus was subsequently reported in many areas of northern China and was then called "autumn-winter type". However, clinical characteristics of associated cases have not been reported...

..7%) of 240 adult and at least 4.2% of 215 nymphal (pooled specimens) Haemaphysalis yeni ticks tested positive. Four other species of ticks were negative. Selected positive amplicons were confirmed by DNA sequencing...

..phagocytophilum agents. These findings add new information on the ecologic features of A. phagocytophilum and indicate the threat of anaplasmosis in the area...

..This is the first identification of granulocytic ehrlichiae in ticks in Asia and the first report of infection in I. persulcatus anywhere...

..These data suggest that strain YN509 is a new subtype of DBSV, which appears to be widely distributed in China with a higher genetic diversity than expected...

..To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms of VDR gene and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis...

..Beijing metropolis is a novel affected region, where the HFRS incidence seems to be diverse from place to place...

..A strain detected from a trading center of agricultural products, which might be imported from other provinces, was genetically different from other strains of Beijing...

..These findings demonstrate that these tick-borne agents cocirculate and that a variety of rodent species may be involved in their enzootic maintenance...

..phagocytophilum in rodents might be able to infect livestock and intensified the threats of anaplasmosis to livestock in the area. Further studies on public health significance of the agent are worth investigation in future...

..phagocytophilum sequences,as were msp4 and groESL. These findings indicate that the newly discovered agent represents a novel A. phagocytophilum variant...

..To confirm the existence of Amur-like viruses in Apodemus peninsulae in China, and to understand the molecular characteristics of these viruses...

..These findings demonstrate the genetic diversity of B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from northeastern China...

..The multiple sequences of the 3 isolates were identical to each other but different from all known strains from other countries. The public health and veterinary relevance of the isolates deserves further investigation...

..These findings have the applications for targeting control and prevention efforts...

..Since then, the disease has spread across the province, and as of 2005, all 111 counties were reported to have local human infections. However, causes underlying such rapid spread and wide distribution remain less well understood...

..To investigate the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodents from forest areas in northeastern China...

..Although two genetic sublineages of SOOV exist, these findings revealed that AMRV and SOOV might belong to the same entities of hantavirus...

..In early September 2009, an outbreak of influenza occurred at a college campus in Beijing, China, in which both pandemic H1N1 and seasonal H3N2 viruses were detected...

..To document and verify the number of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) during the 2002-2003 epidemic in mainland China...

..burgdorferi sensu lato rather than B. valaisiana. The finding explained the differences in transmission cycle and phenotype between B. valaisiana strains from Europe and B. valaisiana-related strains from eastern Asia...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate whether thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies were associated with the risk of moyamoya disease in pediatric subjects...

..The transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is influenced by climatic variables. However, few studies have examined the quantitative relationship between climate variation and HFRS transmission...

..To investigate association between the natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Chinese Han population...

..In contrast, specific T cell anamnestic responses can be maintained for at least 6 y. These findings have applications in preparation for the possible reemergence of SARS...

..We followed a cohort of 773 individuals who received a monovalent vaccine against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1). Approximately 6 weeks after vaccination, 12 persons developed the disease...

..In order to find out the current situation of tick-borne spotted fever in the area of Changbai mountain, Jilin province...

..phagocytophilum and a B. garinii genotype. This is the first detection of the two tick-borne agents in Chinese rabbits, the role of which in the maintenance of the agents deserve further investigations...

..7% for one of the cases of HFRS--the human- and Rattus norvegicus-originated SEOV sequences--had only two silent substitutions, suggesting genetic analysis is an essential tool for "case-investigation."..

..The seasonal variation in its incidence was observed by creating an epidemic curve. HFRS was associated with developed land, orchards, and rice paddies...

..To describe the spatiotemporal diffusion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in mainland China, and to analyse the spatial pattern of SARS transmission from the Beijing epicentre to its neighbouring areas...

..To analyse the case fatality ratio (CFR) and its risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in mainland China by using a comprehensive dataset of all probable cases...

..H7 and H9 subtype avian influenza viruses pose a similar threat to humans as H5 virus...

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..To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms of myxovirus resistance 1 (MxA) gene and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS)...

..We identified in 7 infected patients and natural foci for this bacterium. Field surveys showed that 1.6% of ticks and 3.8% of rodents collected from residences of patients were also infected...

..Malaria epidemics showed a high spatial heterogeneity in Anhui Province during the 1990-2009 study periods. The change in rainfall drives the reemergence of malaria in the northern Anhui Province...

..12, 95% CI = 1.02-5.96), and moderate elevation (OR = 9.83, 95% CI = 2.22-43.55). A risk map was constructed on the basis of these significant factors to predict extension and transmission of infection with hantavirus in this region...

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..To find out whether there was over-reporting of SARS patients in mainland China in view of the relatively low case fatality ratio in mainland China, in comparison with other affected countries and areas...

..These findings have important applications for targeting HFRS interventions in mainland China...

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..The study was designed to examine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) genes with MMD occurrence...

..We report here the genome sequence of Borrelia afzelii strain HLJ01, isolated from a patient with Lyme disease in China. It is the first report of the whole genome of a B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolate from a human in China...

..The long-term immunogenicity after novel vaccine against A(H1N1)pdm09 administration or natural infection has not been well investigated...

..These findings indicate that interventions focused on domestic travel, population density, and climatic factors could play a role in mitigating the public health impact of future influenza pandemics...

..It was concluded from both serological and genetic studies that subtypes H1, H3, H5 and H9 are currently co-circulating in pigs in China, with the H1 subtype most commonly detected, followed by H3...

..Measurement of the ex vivo cellular immune responses to influenza should be incorporated into the evaluation of protective immunity in elderly persons...

..In addition, platelet counts in patients with HFRS were significantly lower than in patients with scrub typhus. These findings will be useful for physicians to distinguish scrub typhus from HFRS...

..Scrub typhus emerged in northern China in 1986. Our objective was to document epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of pediatric scrub typhus in this new endemic area...

..Coinfection of EC and spotted fever group Richi was found in the ticks and rodents collected from Fujian province...

..Macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure (MARCO) is essential components required for toll like receptor-signaling in macrophage response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which may contribute to tuberculosis risk...

..The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in ticks collected from the China-Russia border and to characterize the agent by molecular biology techniques...

..The unrestrained worldwide spread of this disease has caused great anxiety about the potential of another global pandemic. However, the effect of environmental factors influencing the spread of HPAI H5N1 virus is unclear...

..41-9.11, p = 0.007). Our results indicated that the variants in TNF-α gene were associated with susceptibility to PTB and clinical severity of disease, whereas no significance could be inferred from TLRs and IL-10 genes polymorphisms...

..To give an overview of the recent history of publications on mathematical modelling of infectious diseases in the Chinese literature, and a more detailed review of the models on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)...

..The exploitation of the software can predict and simulate the spatio-temporal risks, so as to provide guidance for the prevention and control of the disease...

..The genetic makeup of strains of different generations seemed to be stable. Travel in confined settings might accelerate the transmission of pandemic influenza in a community outbreak...

..Phylogenetic relationships based on the full-length nucleotide sequences were similar to those based on the E gene...

..76% in total, and 11.65%, 10.00%, 6.56%, 1.77%, and 0% in Jilin, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Zhejiang, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that all the detected agents belonged to F. tularensis subsp. holarctica...

..Cytokines play important roles in antiviral action. We examined whether polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-12 receptor B1 (IL-12RB1) affect the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)...

..5-fold. These findings imply NQ-resistant parasites might be selected by long-term usage of NQ in epidemic areas and the efficacy of NQ or ARCO® in chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum epidemic areas should be monitored closely...

..To describe the epidemical characteristics of A (H1N1) influenza identified in the early stage (from May 11 to June 22, 2009) of the epidemic, in mainland China...

..These findings indicate that population fluctuations have affected the rate of TB prevalence in Beijing, and interventions to control TB should include the migrant population...

..Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence from different rodents were highly homologous, while nucleotide mutation had also been observed. Further studies are required to explore the possible virus sequence mutation...

..The combination tablet was initially developed by the Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China...

..Based on these results, the optimized use of horse erythrocytes should be standard practice for detecting HI activities against avian influenza viruses...

..These findings imply that countermeasures should target high risk areas at suitable times, when climatic factors facilitate the transmission of malaria...

..1%). CONCLUSION: HFRS incidences increased in spring or in summer, but decreased in autumn or in winter. Cluster analysis seemed to be a supplementary method in distinguishing the epidemic types for HFRS...

..417, P < 0.01). The HFRS risk areas was mapped according to NDVI of each surveillance site. CONCLUSION: It is promising to apply GIS technology in predication of the distribution of HFRS by establishing this prediction model...

..CONCLUSION: Through employment of spatial analysis technique based on GIS databases, the HFRS types of main epidemic area in China could be well predicted by surveillance data...

..Data as indicated that the positive rates of SARS coronavirus were decreasing in SARS patients along with the disease progression...

..43, P = 0.001). A thematic map of HFRS in haidian district was set up. CONCLUSION: HFRS infections were not randomly distributed, since the distribution was related to geographic-environmental factors...

..It is recommended that adequate masks, eye-protection and protective gowns should be adopted for heath care workers during the process of clinical diagnoses and treatment of SARS patients...

..The same series of mutations occurring in separate geographic locations and at different times suggests a dominant process of viral adaptation to the host...

..The median (range) duration of virus excretion in sputa and stools was 21 (14-52) and 27 (16-126) days, respectively. Coexisting illness or conditions were associated with longer viral excretion in stools...

..The findings indicate that patients' eschars can be used for detection and genetic characterization of O. tsutsugamushi during the convalescent phase...