Manuel Olivares

..The serum transferrin receptor (TfR) and the ratio of TfR to serum ferritin (TfR:SF) have been shown to be useful as early indicators of iron deficiency...

..Wheat-based staple foods are iron fortified in Chile. We aimed to establish the prevalence and etiology of anemia in apparently healthy free-living elderly subjects...

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..Copper homeostasis involves a high degree of regulation in which changes in absorption and biliary excretion are the main mechanisms. Whether neonates and small infants can make these changes efficiently is unknown...

..The effect of bariatric surgery on iron absorption is only partially known...

..Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common in patients who undergo gastric bypass. The magnitude of change in iron absorption is not well known...

..The objective of this study was to evaluate changes on trace element status and their potential associations with selected inflammation parameters in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP)...

..Micronutrient deficiencies are common in patients undergoing gastric bypass. The effect of this type of surgery on zinc absorption and zinc status is not well known...

..To evaluate changes on BMD after GBP and its relation with changes in body composition and serum adiponectin, a longitudinal study in morbid obese subjects was conducted...

..We measured iron bioavailability of meals based on wheat flour consumed by a vulnerable population in Latin America...

..3 ± 3.3% vs. 0.3 ± 2.7%, p = 0.11). H. pylori infection has a negative effect on iron absorption in asymptomatic adults consuming iron- and zinc-fortified wheat flour...

..Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for many biological processes including maintenance of both innate and acquired branches of immunity...

..We measured the effects of lower and higher doses of zinc (Zn) given as an aqueous solution on the bioavailability of iron (Fe)...

..However, CCS and SOD1 mRNA levels were reduced in PMNCs after copper supplementation in the individuals with the high Cp values, suggesting that they should be further explored as biomarkers of moderate copper overload in humans...

..The possibility of a negative interaction should be considered for supplementation or fortification programs with both microminerals...

..5%) did not differ from that of Fe added as Fe-AA (86.8%). These results suggest that Fe derived from Fe bis-glycine chelate and Fe-AA have similar regulatory absorption mechanisms...

..These results confirm that DMT1 is involved in active transport of Fe, Cu, and Zn although Zn showed a different relative capacity. These results also show that hCTR1 is able to transport Fe and Zn...

..The dose-response curves for GI symptoms and Cu exposure now available were crucial in the analyses of results...

..We conclude that exposure to Cu in drinking water results in gastrointestinal symptoms, which are modulated by Cu concentration, time, and sex...

..8mg Cu (4mg Cu/L) for adult females. These data confirm a previously determined human acute NOAEL for Cu added to distilled water, and provide additional, controlled human data for determining safe concentrations of Cu in drinking water...

..The liver had the highest Cu content (3.89 ± 0.89 mg/100 g). Rabbit meat has low TFe concentration, similar to that of poultry, and most of the iron is HeFe. The amount of minerals in viscera closely depends on their function...

..The effects of gastric bypass (GBP) on resting energy expenditure (REE) are not well known...

..6% (5.9-36.1%) and 20.2% (10.6-38.6%), respectively; P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: AP is a strong promoter of iron absorption from fortified bread because of its thermoresistant properties...

..Mild and moderate effects of marginally low and marginally high copper exposure are poorly understood in humans...

..The response depends on Cp values and on sex, such that women with higher and men with lower Cp values exhibit the greatest response...

..This effect was observed at doses higher than previously reported from single-meal studies, starting at ~800 mg of calcium...

..We determined the iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) contents of common Chilean foods and assessed the intakes of these elements in a population living in Santiago, Chile...

..The effect of higher calcium to iron molar ratios on the efflux of non-heme iron may be large enough to explain results from human studies...

..need for more rigorous efficacy trials designed to define the relative merits of amino acid chelates when compared with bioavailable iron salts such as ferrous sulfate and ferrous fumarate and to determine appropriate fortification levels..

..Our in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that, as a mean, there are 5.8 atoms of Cu per Cp molecule and that <1.3 micromol/l of Cu would correspond to the NCPC...

..Our results support the hypothesis that divalent metal transporter 1 is not physiologically relevant for copper absorption in humans...

..Developing the scientific basis for a copper UL and evaluating the relevance of copper deficiency globally are future key challenges for copper researchers...

..These results point to a potential risk in the absorption and bioavailability of these minerals by the presence of other minerals in the diet. This aspect must be considered in food supplementation and fortification programs...

..Older subjects have a high risk of developing zinc and copper deficiencies...

..The uptake of heme iron is a saturable and temperature-dependent process and, therefore, could occur through a mechanism involving both a receptor and the endocytic pathway...

..No differences were found by gender or nausea. Results show a copper effect on gastric response suggesting that acute exposure to copper in water modify the first phase of gastric emptying...

..Recently, we found that CCS mRNA abundance in mononuclear blood cells significantly decreased after copper supplementation. The usefulness of this indicator to detect an increase in body copper should be assessed in clinical trials...

..Thus, microminerals contribute to the maintenance of the balance between immunity and health in humans...

..87% to 2.9% (P < 0.001). We conclude that NaFeEDTA is the form of iron best absorbed, but alternatively, ferrous fumarate plus Na2EDTA comprises a feasible option as a fortificant...

..We report the case of a 42-y-old morbidly obese woman who presented persistent anemia as result of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass...

..5, 3, 15 and 30 mg of heme-iron as hemoglobin, respectively. The fitted curves for heme and non-heme iron differed (P < 0.04). These results strongly suggest that the heme-iron absorption pathway is saturable...

..6% in liver. Blood contained 85.5% of the radioisotope and only 1.4% was found in muscle and 1.6% was found in viscera. Results suggest that bovine cuts of meat have a low variation in TFe and that HeFe comprises more than 60% of TFe...

..05). Conclusion: Trypsin is the only human gastrointestinal protein that evaluated the affects of heme iron absorption. However, this effect depends on how heme iron is ingested...

..These studies indicate that in the range of the copper homeostasis area the markers tested are not suitable to detect mild changes (within the homeostatic range) of copper metabolism...

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..In conclusion, according to the results from this study, it appears that the addition of zinc up to 20 mg/L does not significantly inhibit iron absorption from milk fortified with 10 mg/L of iron...

..The impaired TNF-alpha transcription in cells from ID subjects indicates that the quality of the immune response is linked to the Fe status of mononuclear cells...

..g., condiments, beverages). However, fermented foods that already contain high levels of organic acid may be suitable iron fortification vehicles...

..We conclude that copper administered as described induced a transient, mild, but significant elevation of aminotransferases...

..Regulation of gene expression and excretion offered contrasts between the two metals. The workshop also considered a series of continuing and emerging issues...

..The fact that children with abnormal VMI presented low mean serum copper and ferritin concentrations could indicate that copper and iron deficiencies in this sample could be related with visuomotor abilities...