Steven Narod

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..1% to 10.0%. The mortality advantage for tested women was due, in part, to a lower than expected mortality rate of tested women in the period following genetic testing...

..The difference cannot be explained by other prognostic factors. All women with invasive breast cancer and a BRCA1 mutation should be considered to be candidates for chemotherapy...

..We present an updated analysis of breastfeeding and risk of breast cancer using a large matched sample of BRCA mutation carriers...

..Small breast cancers that are PR+ and HER2- and that are detectable by mammogram alone have a very low risk of recurrence. A proportion of these may represent examples of overdiagnosis...

..It is hoped that by increasing breast cancer awareness, the proportion of invasive breast cancers that are diagnosed at 2.0 cm or smaller will increase and that this will lead to a reduction in mortality...

..To evaluate the effect of the cumulative number of ovulatory cycles and its contributing components on the risk of breast cancer among BRCA mutation carriers...

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..We sought to estimate the contribution of PALB2 mutations to the burden of breast cancer in French Canadians from Quebec...

..No founder allele has been specifically identified in the French Canadian population...

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..In evaluating a woman who is considering HRT, factors that have been associated with an increased risk include the initiation of hormone use immediately after menopause, a lean body mass and high mammographic breast density...

..4% of women are expected to die of contralateral breast cancer within 5 years, but 6.8% are expected to die at 20 years from diagnosis. These unnecessary deaths can be prevented by bilateral mastectomy...

..Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are presented throughout the world and it is important that the benefits of genetic testing and of targeted therapies be extended to women who live outside of North America and Western Europe...

..0 years for men with a BRCA1 mutation, and the difference was highly significant (P<0.01). It may be important to develop targeted chemotherapies to treat prostate cancer in men with a BRCA2 mutation...

..These women are good candidates for screening with MRI and for chemoprevention with tamoxifen. It is reasonable to test for this single mutation when women undergo testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2...

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..Studies that examine how individual variants and their associated phenotypes affect prostate cancer presentation and progression are required...

..It is important that a genetic testing service be a multi-disciplinary effort with co-ordinated follow-up...

..Oophorectomy has been associated with reductions in both the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Knowledge of these risk factors will be useful for managing risk and for developing prevention strategies...

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..In conclusion, 27% of patients with early stage breast cancer used alternative therapy. Users were more likely to be younger and to experience shoulder or arm symptoms after breast-conserving surgery with radiation...

..The current study developed, standardized, and conducted preliminary testing of a supportive-expressive group therapy intervention designed to address these challenges...

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..The objective of this study is to evaluate the significance of multifocality and the outcomes of women with multifocal DCIS treated with breast-conserving therapy...

..This study sought to assess the utility of peritoneal lavage cytology at the time of PO in detecting occult malignancy in this group of patients...

..Both disclosed and non-disclosed carriers demonstrated significant interest in a variety of interventions to support the disclosure process...

..We aimed to assess the effect of these three risk factors, and of tubal ligation, on the risk of ovarian cancer in women who carry a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes...

..To evaluate the impact of carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation on the probability of experiencing premature natural menopause...

..7; 95% CI 1.5-4.9; P=.0008) and case subjects with ovarian cancer (OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.2; P=.002). These results suggest that recessively inherited genes may contribute to breast and ovarian cancer risk in Pakistan...

..We examined whether this association is seen in women at high risk of breast cancer because they carry a mutation in one of two breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2...

..These results provide evidence for a possible protective effect of selenium against BRCA1-associated breast cancers...

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..Older patients experienced fewer arm symptoms after standard treatment for node negative breast carcinoma, and thus older age should not be a contraindication to axillary dissection...

..We aimed to assess whether exposure to ionising radiation through mammography screening was associated with risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers...

..There is a possibility of an increased risk of breast cancer among BRCA1 carriers associated with past smoking. There may be different effects of carcinogens in BRCA mutation carriers, depending upon the timing of exposure...

..We asked whether there is an association between changes in body weight and the risk of breast cancer in women who carry a mutation in either breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1 or BRCA2...

..Nonetheless, BRCA mutation carriers opting for a prophylactic oophorectomy as a breast and/or ovarian cancer risk-reducing strategy should complete childbearing prior to age 40 when this prevention modality is most effective...

..Genetic risk can be modified by external factors, but what are these factors, and how might our knowledge of them help us to better define the risks for individual women and to develop strategies for cancer prevention?..

..Studies conducted on the Asian populations described here have expanded our current knowledge of genetic susceptibility and its contribution to breast and ovarian cancer rates in Asian populations...

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..Our objective is to assess if tamoxifen treatment is associated with an increase in the subsequent risk of ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 mutation...

..To review data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluate adverse bone outcomes in older women using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer...

..To explore whether or not there is an association between the presence of either of the germline mutations in the MutY human homologue (MYH) gene (Y165C and G382D) and the risk of breast cancer...

..A novel RAP80 haplotype or rare missense mutations may be associated with a modest increased risk of breast cancer, but this observation needs to be confirmed by additional studies...

..Individual variation in the genes involved in the transport of folate, or its metabolism, may affect risk, or may modify the association between folate and breast cancer risk...

..Approximately one-half of women at risk for breast cancer rely on screening alone...

..quot; Non-founder BRCA1 mutations are rare in Ashkenazi Jewish breast/ovarian cancer families...

..The families represent two aboriginal Canadian tribes (Cree and Ojibwe), although a common ancestral origin is likely. This is the first evidence of a BRCA1 mutation specific to aboriginal peoples of North America...

..Intensive surveillance by use of CA-125 and ultrasound does not seem to be an effective means of diagnosing early-stage ovarian cancer in this high-risk cohort...

..To estimate the risk of ovarian cancer after a primary diagnosis of breast cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and to identify host and treatment-related factors that might modify the risk...

..It is important to evaluate whether or not infertility per se or exposure to fertility medications increase the risk of breast cancer in genetically predisposed women...

..This study suggests that caffeine protects against breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation and illustrates the importance of integrating individual genetic variability when assessing diet-disease associations...

..These were considered to be candidate genes in the present study...

..The ability to translate this knowledge into novel treatments, however, remains elusive...

..It is possible that individuals with a BRCA1 mutation might be susceptible to the effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether women with a BRCA1 mutation exhibit increased indicators of oxidative stress...

..40 versus 0.39). Oral selenium is a good candidate for chemoprevention in women who carry a mutation in the BRCA1 gene...

..Correcting overestimation of breast cancer risk in women who have prophylactic mastectomy may improve satisfaction with reconstruction following prophylactic mastectomy...

..6% for BRCA2 carriers. CONCLUSION: The risk of contralateral breast cancer in women with a BRCA mutation is approximately 40% at 10 years, and is reduced in women who take tamoxifen or who undergo an oophorectomy...

..This association has not been evaluated in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers who face very high lifetime risks of both breast and ovarian cancers...

..46; 95% CI 0.30-0.69). This study implicates early age at menarche as a determinant of breast cancer among women with a BRCA1 mutation...

..They conclude that BRCA1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene, which when lost through inheritance, increases a cell's susceptibility to acquire further mutations...

..The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for fallopian tube cancer in women with and without a BRCA mutation...

..It is unknown what proportion of women with ovarian cancer receive genetic testing as a result of this recommendation...

..To evaluate the rate of prophylactic contralateral mastectomy in an international cohort of women with hereditary breast cancer and to evaluate the predictors of uptake of preventive surgery...

..We sought to determine the extent to which the low sensitivity of mammography is due to greater breast density...

..We sought to establish whether or not this polymorphic variant also predisposes to ovarian cancer...

..To identify risk factors for the presence of a non-invasive lesion of the fallopian tube in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation...

..To date, population screening in this population has not been suggested. However, this may be rational. Little is known about the appropriateness of testing guidelines for the Jewish population or the level of interest in testing...

..004). These findings suggest that a subgroup of breast cancer patients who carry the CYP3A4*1B allele and take tamoxifen may be at increased risk of developing endometrial cancer...

..We conducted a case-control study in Manila to examine the association between methods of cooking and the risk of breast cancer...

..These findings support the theory that short trinucleotide repeat genotypes of the AR gene protect against breast cancer...

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..Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound may improve the ability to detect breast cancer at an early stage...

..We conclude that the GALT N314D allele does not predispose to epithelial ovarian cancer...

..A significant proportion of these appear to originate in the fallopian tube. No cancers were detected among women who had the operation at age 39 or younger...

..2; 95% CI = 1.1-4.4). However, multiple comparisons were made and generally our data do not support the hypothesis that organochlorines increase the risk of breast cancer among subgroups of women with specific metabolic genotypes...

..It is generally believed that the two cancers represent independent events. However, the extent of concordance between the first and second tumors with respect to hormone receptor expression and other pathologic features is unknown...

..The prevention of hereditary breast cancer through diet is an attractive complement to current management strategies and deserves exploration...

..This technique may prove to be a useful research tool for the detection of mutations and polymorphisms in the BRCA1 gene and for large-scale epidemiologic studies...

..Strategies for prevention of ovarian cancer among carriers include oral contraceptives, tubal ligation and prophylactic oophorectomy...

..CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic mastectomy is not performed on a large scale. The introduction of genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 has the potential to change the patterns of practice for prophylactic mastectomy...

..Formal genetic counseling and genetic testing may result in more accurate risk perceptions to guide women in choosing other preventive options...

..To evaluate the risk of endometrial cancer in women who carry a deleterious mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes...

..Reexcision to clear involved margins is an important surgical intervention for both younger and older women...

..In this sample, only Align Grantham Variation Grantham Deviation appeared to predict penetrance based on first-degree relatives...

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..It may also be adapted to screen other target genes and/or used in large-scale epidemiological studies...

..To estimate the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BRCA1 mutation carriers according to chemotherapy regimen...

..To determine whether oral contraceptive (OC) use, childbearing, breastfeeding and tubal ligation differ between ovarian cancer cases with and without a BRCA1/2 mutation...

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..Therefore, the authors questioned whether the known positive correlation between tumor size and lymph node status also was present in women with BRCA1-related breast carcinomas...

..The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment response, and frequency of p53 overexpression in Ashkenazi Jewish women with hereditary ovarian carcinoma...