L N Yatham

..CONCLUSION: OXC was effective and well-tolerated in refractory BD and schizoaffective disorder. These preliminary data are promising but controlled studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in refractory BD...

....

..Overall, these findings suggest that non-combat-related PTSD patients have peripheral noradrenergic dysregulation, but central postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptor sensitivity is not altered in this patient population...

....

..Platelets share many properties with brain serotonergic neurons such as active 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transport, 5-HT2 receptors, and mitochondrial monoamine oxidase...

..1 +/- 9.5 years; range, 22-60 years) and 20 healthy controls similar in age (37.2 +/- 12.6 years; range, 19-59 years) using positron emission tomography and setoperone labeled with fluorine 18 ([(18)F]setoperone)...

..The mechanism by which rapid tryptophan depletion (RTD) paradigm induces depressive relapse in recently remitted patients with depression is unknown...

....

..Our purpose, therefore, was to assess the effects of treatment with desipramine hydrochloride on brain 5-HT2 receptors in depressed patients using positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorine-18 (18F)-labeled setoperone...

..The purpose of this study was to further examine D(2) receptor density in a larger sample of nonpsychotic manic patients by using positron emission tomography (PET) and [(11)C]raclopride...

..To review studies on treatments for bipolar depression and make recommendations for practising clinicians treating patients with bipolar depression...

..Given the evidence for serotonergic dysregulation in SAD, we examined the possible role of l-tryptophan as an augmentation strategy for nonresponders and partial responders to light therapy...

..This retrospective study sought to determine the effects of light therapy on suicidal ideation in patients with SAD...

..The authors compared serotonin receptor binding in patients with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects...

..In this study, we compare the clinical characteristics of these three seasonal groups and their response to light therapy...

..These results suggest that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for LLPDD...

..AMPT-induced depressive relapse may be a trait marker for SAD, and/or brain catecholamines may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of SAD...

..Controlled studies of light therapy in SAD and in bulimia nervosa have shown beneficial effects on mood and binge/purge symptoms. We explored the clinical use of light therapy in women with SAD who also had comorbid bulimia nervosa...

..This study examined ECT use in a university teaching hospital to determine predictors of short-term ECT outcome...

..atypical antipsychotics are an excellent choice as add-on therapy to mood stabilizers for the treatment of patients with mania...

..Although more studies are necessary, our results suggest that UCP2 is not been used as a compensatory mechanism to oppose the higher levels of oxidative stress found in BD and SCZ...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive functioning on longitudinal 6-month functional and clinical outcome in recently diagnosed clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder...

..These data suggest that risperidone can be safely combined with either lithium or valproate, and that the efficacy is similar regardless of the mood stabilizer used...

..Overall, the combination of quetiapine with lithium or divalproex was well tolerated...

..These guidelines also discuss issues related to bipolar disorder in women and those with comorbidity and include a section on safety and monitoring...

..Further studies should be conducted to examine these hypotheses...

..Our data provide in vivo neurochemical support for the lack of clinical efficacy following MP in PD patients and are also in keeping with reduced DA release following amphetamine in PD subjects...

..The importance of comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions cannot be understated, and this update provides an expanded look at the prevalence, impact and management of comorbid conditions in patients with bipolar disorder...

..Studies in first-episode (FE) manic patients have the potential to provide answers to these questions...

..More quality research is needed to delineate effective treatment strategies...

..Risperidone add-on does not induce depressive symptoms and, furthermore, risperidone may have efficacy in treating comorbid depressive symptoms in bipolar patients...

..This paper reviews controlled studies of bipolar depression, outlines criteria for choosing treatment, defines refractoriness in bipolar depression, and provides options for treatment of refractory bipolar depression...

..We identified several important avenues for future research, including a need for more assessment of QoL in hypo/manic patients, more longitudinal research and the development of a disease-specific measure of QoL for patients with BD...

..Subsyndromal symptoms in bipolar disorder can cause significant functional impairment and are associated with relapse...

..To review new perspectives on diagnosis, clinical features, epidemiology, and treatment of bipolar II and related disorders...

..This article will review the results from open and double-blind studies with quetiapine, ziprasidone, risperidone and olanzapine in the management of bipolar disorder...

..We report here on a series of in-depth qualitative interviews we conducted as part of the item generation phase for a disease-specific scale to assess QoL in BD...

..Similarly, the combination of lithium or valproate plus olanzapine seems to be more effective than monotherapy with a mood stabiliser in preventing manic episodes...

....

..To examine the effects of treatment with valproate on brain 5-HT2A receptors in acute manic patients using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]-setoperone...

..In order to further elucidate the relationship between BD and work, we report here on a series of exploratory qualitative interviews undertaken to develop a disease-specific measure of quality of life in BD...

..Olanzapine, another novel antipsychotic, is also effective against both manic and depressive symptoms and in the maintenance treatment as indicated by an open-label study. Data on other novel agents are more limited...

..Cognitive impairment has been well documented in bipolar disorder. However, specific aspects of cognition such as emotional memory have not been examined...

..Clinicians may consider risperidone Consta as an option in patients with refractory bipolar illness, including those with a predominantly depressive course, and particularly in patients' nonadherence with prescribed medications...

..To review issues surrounding the diagnosis and validity of bipolar manic states...

....

..To review the literature on efficacy of third generation anticonvulsants for treatment of bipolar disorder and provide clinical recommendations...

..At the other end of the spectrum, the model attempts to operationalize treatment resistance. The utility of the model will need to be validated by empirical research...

....

..We hypothesize that brain neurotransmitter dysregulation may be at the origin of both the mood disorder and retinal sensitivity change...

....

..Overall, the atypical antipsychotic agents as a group represent an effective and relatively safe addition to the armamentarium for the treatment of bipolar disorder...

..This schema should be further informed by the treatment data for comorbid and accessory conditions. The authors propose a schema to provide the impetus for further work in the area...

..This article summarizes current evidence from trials of anticonvulsants in bipolar disorder and makes recommendations for their clinical use...

....

..5-1.7, all P < 0.01). These well-powered comparisons of subgroups of interest indicate broad efficacy of olanzapine in the treatment of acute mania...

....

..The atypical antipsychotics represent an effective and relatively safe addition to our armamentarium for the treatment of bipolar disorder...

..To determine the impact of acute depression on quality of life (QOL) in patients with bipolar I disorder and to compare these results with published data on QOL in patients with unipolar depression...

..We report on the first controlled study comparing acute and continuous clinical outcomes in RC and non-RC manic patients treated with olanzapine...

..Quetiapine, in combination with lithium or divalproex, is well tolerated and has superior efficacy to lithium or divalproex alone in the treatment of bipolar mania...

..The authors compared the efficacy of olanzapine and lithium in the prevention of mood episode relapse/recurrence...

....

....

..Practical recommendations regarding titration and the management of rash are offered...

..We aimed to assess the impact of a time-limited psychoeducation (PE) group therapy upon perceived QoL among patients with BD...

..Hypomania will likely respond to monotherapy with antimanic agents. Adjunctive psychosocial treatments may provide additional benefit in patients with bipolar II disorder...

..More well-designed studies with larger samples are needed to improve the evidence base for managing this disorder...

..Typical experimental categorizations of treatment responses in bipolar disorder (BPD) patients may have limited relationship to clinical recovery or functional status, and there is inadequate research on such clinically important outcomes...

..This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine and lithium compared with placebo for the prevention of mood episodes in bipolar disorder...