T M S Wolever

..The only method whose results agreed reasonably well with the recommended method (ie. within +/-5 %) was AUCcut...

..This study explores whether these reductions are sustained when NVP is added to a range of commonly consumed foods or incorporated into a breakfast cereal...

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..Many laboratories offer glycemic index (GI) services...

..We hypothesized that these conclusions may be unwarranted because of methodologic considerations...

..Further studies are needed before requiring that two fasting blood samples be taken for determining glycaemic index...

..The optimal source and amount of dietary carbohydrate for managing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are unknown...

..Since this is a report of secondary analysis on a previously published trial, the results should be considered as hypothesis-generating...

..We hypothesized that glycaemic index (GI) values are affected by the metabolic differences between subjects for foods containing fructose or fat, but not for starchy foods...

..4480+/-683 mm min, ns). The results were similar for males and females. These results do not support the hypothesis that glycemic responses per se influence feelings of satiety over the 2h period after eating...

..LDL cholesterol lowering by oat β-glucan may depend on viscosity, which is controlled by the molecular weight (MW) and amount of oat β-glucan solubilized in the intestine (C)...

..We aimed to determine the effects on glycemic responses and potential risk of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic subjects of replacing half the starch in a meal with sugars, and of adding fat to the low-sugar and high-sugar meals...

..Our purpose was to determine the magnitude and sources of variation of the GI values obtained by experienced investigators in different international centres...

..Reducing the glycemic load (GL) is considered beneficial for managing insulin resistance. The GL can be reduced either by reducing carbohydrate intake or by reducing the glycemic index (GI)...

..These results support the hypothesis that increased colonic butyrate production in human subjects can be detected by an increase in serum butyrate...

..To determine the relationship between carbohydrate intake and the effect of acarbose on HbA1c in subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with acarbose alone, acarbose plus sulfonylurea, acarbose plus metformin, or acarbose plus insulin...

..High-carbohydrate-low-GI dietary advice improved beta-cell function in subjects with IGT, and may, therefore, be useful in the management of IGT...

..Thus further work needs to be done before a firm conclusion can be drawn as to the optimal amount and type of dietary carbohydrate for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome...

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..These data support Trowell's original dietary-fiber hypothesis that "... dietary fiber depleted starchy foods are conducive to the development of diabetes mellitus in susceptible human genotypes."..

..We recently obtained evidence of long-term adaptation of blood lipids to changes in intakes of carbohydrate and fiber in subjects with type 2 diabetes...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Acarbose improves the glycemic profile and insulin sensitivity in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled on diet alone...

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..The glucose-lowering effect of fat and protein is attenuated or absent in diabetic patients, which suggests that the same may occur in insulin-resistant subjects without diabetes...

..Since GLP-1 may increase insulin sensitivity and secretion, these results may provide a mechanism for the epidemiological association between high cereal fibre intake and reduced risk for diabetes...

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..By contrast, low-GI diets reduce serum FFA and improve glycemic control. Thus, current evidence supports FAO/WHO recommendations to maintain a high-carbohydrate diet and choose low-GI starchy foods...

..These conclusions may not apply to solid meals. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms for these effects...

..Presumably, these changes in serum concentrations reflect changes in colonic production. Selective alteration of colonic fermentation products could yield a new mechanism for modifying blood lipids...

..19 +/- 1.24 vs 1.97 +/- 0.90, P = .6). Our findings suggest that the -238G>A and -308G>A polymorphisms of TNF-alpha alter circulating free fatty acids and insulin resistance in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..These results suggest that a serving of 41 g insoluble fibre reduces food intake independent of its weight and volume and similar to an equal weight of glucose within 60 min, but this effect is not maintained after 120 min...

..To determine the effect of hyperinsulinemia on food intake and plasma concentrations of glucose and food intake regulatory hormones in men after a glucose drink...

..Individuals who wish to minimize dietary glycemic index can be advised to precook potatoes and consume them cold or reheated...

..The blood glucose responses elicited by foods are often determined using blood samples taken at 15-min intervals. Our objective was to see whether taking blood samples at 10-min intervals affected the results...

..Characterizing the physicochemical properties of beta-glucan in bioactive foods aids functional food development...

..The aim of this study was to determine whether a short term LGI diet would reduce postoperative insulin resistance...

..Obese and diabetic T54 carriers have greater postprandial lipemia than do A54 homozygotes. The T54 protein isoform is also associated with increased triacylglycerol secretion in vitro...

..Although these data are consistent with inhibition of TGFA synthesis by SCFA, other aspects of the metabolism of these sugars cannot be ruled out as putative agents of their TG-lowering effects...

..A primary mechanism by which carbohydrates are thought to regulate satiety and food intake is through their effect on blood glucose...

..The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility and effect on glycaemic control of a low-glycaemic-index (GI) diet in women with gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance of pregnancy...

..Also, distending the rectum increases PYY, GLP-1, TNF-alpha and ghrelin in hyperinsulinaemic females. Increasing colonic fermentation products, particularly acetate, could yield a new mechanism for modifying weight gain...

..Thus, the OTU is not recommended for determining AUC or GI in normal subjects. This conclusion does not necessarily apply to other glucose meters whose performance should be evaluated...

..24, P = 0.03, respectively). These data highlight the detrimental effects of abdominal obesity on beta-cell function, and support the hypothesis that beta-cell dysfunction occurs early in the natural history of glucose intolerance...

..The objective of this study was to investigate the association between parity and risk of glucose intolerance and related metabolic disorders using data from a population-based study in a Native Canadian community...

..To compare the insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels of medication-free patients suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with that of matched healthy volunteers...

..We aimed to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes in an Aboriginal community and to evaluate prospective associations with metabolic syndrome and its components...

..Further studies using mixed meals are required to confirm how carbohydrate source affects glycemic responses and occurrence of hypoglycemia in normal meal setting...

..The main objectives of this study were to compare peripheral uptake of acetate (AC) in participants with normal (<40 pmol/l, NI) and high (≥ 40 pmol/l, HI) plasma insulin, and the ability of AC to reduce FFA in both the groups...

..The data collected during this survey will be useful in developing a food frequency questionnaire for use in T&T to allow this hypothesis to be tested more rigorously in this population...

..05). These findings show that this functional polymorphism in the NF-kB gene modifies the association between PUFA intake and plasma HDL-cholesterol in two distinct populations...

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..Changes in the ratio of urinary acetate to propionate reflected those in serum...

..To compare the blood glucose-lowering effect of a highly viscous fiber blend (VFB) added to a starchy snack on postprandial glycemia between healthy participants and participants with diabetes mellitus...

..Taken together, our findings show that a genetic variation in GLUT2 is associated with habitual consumption of sugars, suggesting an underlying glucose-sensing mechanism that regulates food intake...

..water (F(18, 18) = 2.31; P=0.04). We conclude that drinking coffee or tea with test meals does not affect the mean GI value obtained, but may reduce variability and, hence, improve precision...

..Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine that can induce hyperlipidemia and is known to be modulated by dietary PUFAs...

..However, the mechanism for the effect is not clear: the 2% increase in starch malabsorption seen upon cooling potatoes was not nearly enough to account for the 37% reduction in GI...

..Therefore, inflammatory mediators may be important modulators of memory function in individuals with T2DM...

..Furthermore, fecal acetate may reflect absorption, rather than production of colonic acetate...

..We studied the association of digestible carbohydrates, fiber intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load with insulin sensitivity (S(I)), fasting insulin, acute insulin response (AIR), disposition index, BMI, and waist circumference...

..The validity of these results depends on the accuracy of the data in the food tables upon which the portion sizes tested were based...

..The range of GI between the staples is sufficiently large that health benefits may be accrued by replacing high-GI staples with intermediate-GI staples in the Caribbean diet...

..We evaluated the relationship of carbohydrate nutrition and selected food groups with lipids using data from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS Exam I, 1992-1994)...