G Regehr

..While medical student debt is increasing, the effect of debt on student well-being and performance remains unclear...

..However, given certain theoretically derived conditions, it can be shown that the use of the loss formula is functionally identical to using ROC analysis, and the authors suggest that continued use of the ROC method is appropriate...

..The Medical Education authors and reviewers who chose to respond to the survey voted strongly in favour of continuing the double-blinding procedure of concealing both author and reviewer identities during the review process...

..Implications of these difficulties for the current model of self-regulation are explored...

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..To assess the degree to which OSCE measures generalize across multiple administrations to the same students...

..To compare the psychometric properties of checklists, global rating scales preceded by a checklist, and global rating scales alone in assessing surgery residents' performances on an OSCE-like technical skills examination...

..To examine the validity of a psychiatry clerkship's objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)...

..This study explored the factors identified by supervisors that affect their willingness to report poor clinical performance when completing In-Training Evaluation Reports (ITERs)...

..To evaluate the effectiveness of binary content checklists in measuring increasing levels of clinical competence...

..To assess the feasibility, reliability, and validity of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for psychiatric clinical clerks...

..To integrate child psychiatry into a psychiatry clerkship OBJECTIVE Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)...

..The examination has low reliability when family physicians serve as examiners, but moderate reliability when surgeons are the evaluators...

..In this study, we describe and compare operative team members' and patients' perceptions of error, reporting of error, and disclosure of error...

..This study was part of a larger project to develop a team checklist to improve communication in the OR...

..Some studies have shown a small inverse relationship between debt levels and primary care, but it is unclear how students perceive remuneration in different specialties and how these perceptions might influence career choice...

..This study aimed to explore faculty attendings' scoring and opinions of students' written responses to professionally challenging situations...

..This study aimed to develop a theoretical exploration of the pressure on medical trainees to be independent and to generate theory-based approaches to the implications for patient safety of this pressure towards independent working...

..CONCLUSIONS: Specialists are relatively inconsistent in the importance they assign to clinical criteria for the diagnosis of CTS. This inconsistency may be an important source of variation in the reported prevalence and treatment of CTS...

..This study also refutes the organized learning theory and provides support for the conceptual coherence theory as a possible explanation for the process by which basic science aids in diagnosis...

..Replication of these naturalistic findings in a controlled, video-based format could provide a basis for formal curricula...

..To assess whether structured team briefings improve operating room communication. Design, Setting, and..

..This article reviews empirical evidence and theory pertaining to the role of progressive autonomy in clinical learning...

..The purpose of this study was to better understand the tensions that exist between competency frameworks and faculty's real-life experiences in evaluating residents...

..CONCLUSIONS: With explicit discussion of this phenomenon, supervisors' judgments might suffer from fewer biases, and students' integration into the team and profession might occur with less ambiguity and stress...

..In this study, the authors identified and characterized the manifestations of the phenomenon of "slowing down when you should" to stay out of trouble in operative practice...

..This isolated decrease in Pro-Emo empathy with an increase in Pro-Cog empathy is consistent with the development of "professional empathy," described elsewhere as detached concern...

..Two principal means for improving research are presented: intensifying collaboration between PhD's and clinicians, and encouraging the diversification of perspectives brought to bear on research in medical education...

..Breakdown in communication among members of the healthcare team threatens the effective delivery of health services, and raises the risk of errors and adverse events...

..This study explored context-specific assessments of trainees' competence for independent clinical work...

..When faculty evaluate medical students' professionalism, they make judgments based on the observation of behaviors. However, we lack an understanding of why they feel certain behaviors are appropriate (or not)...

..Based on the biomedical scientists' limited receptiveness, we can anticipate that the growth of the social sciences will continue to meet obstacles within the health research field in the near future in Canada...

..To develop a conceptual framework of the influences on medical trainees' decisions regarding requests for clinical support from a supervisor...

..This paper reflects on a few of the paradigmatic assumptions that have 'come along for the ride' with the traditional cognitive approach, and explores what might have been left out as a consequence...

..This study determined the effects of a change in context (to a written exam) and format (video versus text scenarios) on students' response patterns...

..Our goal was to determine if data collected by a virtual reality simulator could be used to predict the problem areas in novice trainees' laparoscopic performance...

..The effects of increased supervision on patient care and trainee education are not known, primarily because the current multifacted and poorly operationalized concept of clinical supervision limits the potential for evaluation...

..The authors used high-fidelity simulation to present obstetric scenarios for team assessment...

..This program should be transferable to other institutions that engage in community-based teaching...

..To develop clinical diagnostic criteria for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) that modeled the clinical diagnostic practices of experts...

..The evaluation of professionalism often relies on the observation and interpretation of students' behaviors; however, little research is available regarding faculty's interpretations of these behaviors...

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..To determine the reliability of scores assigned to interviews of medical students applying to an emergency medicine program...

..Understanding students' perceptions of and responses to lapses in professionalism is important to shaping students' professional development...

..The purpose of this study was to refine an existing coding structure of rationalizations of student behaviour, and to further our understanding of students' reasoning strategies in the face of perceived professional lapses...

..These deficiencies in information, knowledge, and learning needs should be addressed by educational interventions during residency training and through continuing education endeavors...

..To achieve a consensus, among a panel of experts, on the best clinical criteria for the clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)...

..However, the psychometric impact of using students as patients and raters has been studied very little, and not at all in pharmacy...

..To determine the interrater reliability and predictive validity of a structured instrument for assessing applications submitted to a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada (FRCP) emergency medicine residency program...

..This study was a formative evaluation of a 2-year Surgical Skills Center Curriculum (SSCC) using objective measures of surgical performance and self-reported process-oriented evaluations...

..This study aimed to verify the accuracy of self-assessment for the performance of a surgical task, and to determine whether self-assessment may be improved through self-observation or exposure to relevant standards of performance...

..Creating better OSCE measures requires an understanding of how the interviewing style of experts differs objectively from novices...

..The aim of this paper is to describe the perceptions and experiences of medical students in their third and fourth years of training, and to explore their understanding of their development as adaptive experts...

..Videotaped feedback therefore promotes self-evaluation, a critical learning skill, and also has the potential to influence how a resident executes a skill once they have had the opportunity to see themselves perform the task...

..This study explored the nature of communications among operating room (OR) team members from surgery, nursing, and anesthesia to identify common communicative patterns, sites of tension, and their impact on novices...

..The authors exposed this knowledge-behavior gap through standardized clinical interactions, thus allowing in-depth exploration of the contributing factors...

..This paper examines the nature of the knowledge that students possess and describes the implications for future efforts at addressing this knowledge...

..g. family violence) remains a challenge. We examined the extent to which using unannounced standardised patients (SPs) presenting in a clerk's clinical setting could assist with this teaching challenge...

..Rather than teaching learners to avoid heuristics, then, it might be more reasonable to help them recognize those relatively infrequent situations where their heuristics are likely to fail...

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..The ability to 'slow down' is hypothesized as an important factor in expert judgment. This study explored the nature of the 'slowing down' phenomenon intraoperatively and its link to surgical judgment...

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..The authors propose a new model of expert judgment that we describe as a process of slowing down when you should...

..This incongruence suggested that the development of effective curricula in this domain must bridge the gap between traditional taxonomies and students' perceptions of professionalism...

..This paper describes two broad areas that must be at the forefront of the community's thinking as we strive toward this goal: the irreplaceable value of a mentor and maximizing the potential of optimal challenge points in learning...

..We review the importance of attending to the messages we transmit to our trainees, protégés, and junior colleagues as we strive to develop professional competency and recruit the best into the field...

..The aim of this study was to describe how experts weigh relative performances on specific components of a comprehensive examination to make decisions of overall competency...

..Although examiners are a large source of variability in the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), the exact causes of examiner variance remain understudied...

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..92, P <.0001). Training conditions accounted for 22% of the variance in total scores. CONCLUSIONS: A multifaceted, Internet-based intervention resulted in improved critical appraisal skills of practicing general surgeons...

..However, outcome measures in these studies have been questionable. The goal of this study was to develop a feasible, reliable, and valid assessment of critical appraisal skills...

..This assessment technique shows potential as a means of evaluating the performance of advanced laparoscopic procedures by surgical trainees...

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..Two studies were undertaken to examine the use of these errors for improving the instruction and evaluation of the skill...

..This study sought to describe and theorise the variables influencing technical skills acquisition in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) inpatient setting...

..This study examines the validity of a new conceptualization of self-assessment in practice and evaluates a series of measures for capturing self-assessment ability as defined by this new conceptualization...

..To investigate the teaching of cognitive skills within a technical skills course, we carried out a blinded, randomized prospective study...

..Selective error reporting and the reasons for selective reporting have negative implications for patient safety...

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..The literature regarding adolescent standardized patient (SP) selection methods and simulation effects, however, offered limited assurance that such adolescents would not experience adverse simulation effects...

..Future efforts to elucidate self-assessment phenomena need to consider the implications of this review...