Elena Moro

Summary

Affiliation: University of Toronto
Country: Canada

Publications

  1. ncbi Firing rates of pallidal neurons are similar in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease patients
    Joyce K H Tang
    Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
    Exp Brain Res 166:230-6. 2005
  2. ncbi Subthalamic nucleus stimulation: improvements in outcome with reprogramming
    Elena Moro
    Movement Disorders Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario
    Arch Neurol 63:1266-72. 2006
  3. ncbi Criteria for deep-brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: review and analysis
    Elena Moro
    University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Movement Disorders Center, 399 Bathurst Street, McL7 402, Canada
    Expert Rev Neurother 6:1695-705. 2006
  4. ncbi Changes in cortical and pallidal oscillatory activity during the execution of a sensory trick in patients with cervical dystonia
    Joyce K H Tang
    Department of Physiology, Med Sci Bldg 3302, 1 King s College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
    Exp Neurol 204:845-8. 2007
  5. ncbi Neuronal firing rates and patterns in the globus pallidus internus of patients with cervical dystonia differ from those with Parkinson's disease
    Joyce K H Tang
    Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    J Neurophysiol 98:720-9. 2007
  6. ncbi Pallidal stimulation in cervical dystonia: clinical implications of acute changes in stimulation parameters
    E Moro
    Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Eur J Neurol 16:506-12. 2009
  7. ncbi Unilateral subdural motor cortex stimulation improves essential tremor but not Parkinson's disease
    Elena Moro
    Movement Disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada
    Brain 134:2096-105. 2011
  8. ncbi Bilateral pallidal stimulation for x-linked dystonia parkinsonism
    Pettarusp M Wadia
    Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St, McL7 402, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 2S8
    Arch Neurol 67:1012-5. 2010
  9. ncbi Bilateral globus pallidus stimulation for Huntington's disease
    Elena Moro
    Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Ann Neurol 56:290-4. 2004
  10. ncbi Ten-year outcome of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: a blinded evaluation
    Anna Castrioto
    Clinica Neurologica, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
    Arch Neurol 68:1550-6. 2011

Detail Information

Publications54

  1. ncbi Firing rates of pallidal neurons are similar in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease patients
    Joyce K H Tang
    Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
    Exp Brain Res 166:230-6. 2005
    ..Furthermore, the findings did reveal a difference between firing patterns in the HD and PD groups, thereby supporting the role of altered firing patterns in the pathophysiology of these diseases...
  2. ncbi Subthalamic nucleus stimulation: improvements in outcome with reprogramming
    Elena Moro
    Movement Disorders Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario
    Arch Neurol 63:1266-72. 2006
    ..Even when the electrode is well positioned in the target, the optimization of clinical results depends on careful programming of electrical parameters and changes in antiparkinsonian drug dosages...
  3. ncbi Criteria for deep-brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: review and analysis
    Elena Moro
    University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Movement Disorders Center, 399 Bathurst Street, McL7 402, Canada
    Expert Rev Neurother 6:1695-705. 2006
    ..The recent observation that deep-brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus improves axial signs, possibly even in those less responsive to levodopa, brings new hope to the management of advanced Parkinson's disease...
  4. ncbi Changes in cortical and pallidal oscillatory activity during the execution of a sensory trick in patients with cervical dystonia
    Joyce K H Tang
    Department of Physiology, Med Sci Bldg 3302, 1 King s College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
    Exp Neurol 204:845-8. 2007
    ..These preliminary findings suggest a role for 4-8 Hz frequency synchronization in the pathophysiology of dystonia...
  5. ncbi Neuronal firing rates and patterns in the globus pallidus internus of patients with cervical dystonia differ from those with Parkinson's disease
    Joyce K H Tang
    Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    J Neurophysiol 98:720-9. 2007
    ..These findings suggest that alterations in both firing rate and firing pattern may underlie the differing motor symptoms associated with these two movement disorders...
  6. ncbi Pallidal stimulation in cervical dystonia: clinical implications of acute changes in stimulation parameters
    E Moro
    Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Eur J Neurol 16:506-12. 2009
    ..We studied the clinical effects of acute changes of different parameters of GPi-DBS in cervical dystonia (CD)...
  7. ncbi Unilateral subdural motor cortex stimulation improves essential tremor but not Parkinson's disease
    Elena Moro
    Movement Disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada
    Brain 134:2096-105. 2011
    ..These findings suggest that unilateral subdural motor cortex stimulation may be useful for contralateral hand tremor in selected patients with essential tremor but was not effective in improving parkinsonian signs in our series...
  8. ncbi Bilateral pallidal stimulation for x-linked dystonia parkinsonism
    Pettarusp M Wadia
    Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St, McL7 402, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 2S8
    Arch Neurol 67:1012-5. 2010
    ..To report the clinical benefits of bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in a patient with X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP)...
  9. ncbi Bilateral globus pallidus stimulation for Huntington's disease
    Elena Moro
    Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Ann Neurol 56:290-4. 2004
    ..Adjustment of stimulation parameters in GPi DBS may have the potential to optimize the motor response in HD, improving chorea without aggravating bradykinesia...
  10. ncbi Ten-year outcome of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: a blinded evaluation
    Anna Castrioto
    Clinica Neurologica, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
    Arch Neurol 68:1550-6. 2011
    ..To assess the 10-year motor outcome of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD)...
  11. ncbi Long-term results of a multicenter study on subthalamic and pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease
    Elena Moro
    Toronto Western Hospital, Movement Disorders Center, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 25:578-86. 2010
    ..Although the surgical targets were not randomized, there was a trend to a better outcome of motor signs in the STN-DBS patients and fewer adverse events in the GPi-DBS group...
  12. ncbi A decision tool to support appropriate referral for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
    Elena Moro
    Movement Disorders Center, University of Toronto, UHN, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 7MCL 7 402, Toronto ON M5T 2S8, Canada
    J Neurol 256:83-8. 2009
    ..We developed an electronic decision tool that can assist neurologists in deciding which PD patients should be referred for DBS consideration...
  13. ncbi Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: release your horses
    Benedicte Ballanger
    Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Ann Neurol 66:817-24. 2009
    ....
  14. ncbi Movement related potentials and oscillatory activities in the human internal globus pallidus during voluntary movements
    Eric W Tsang
    Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83:91-7. 2012
    ..To study internal globus pallidus (GPi) activities and the interactions among the bilateral GPi and motor cortical areas during voluntary movements...
  15. ncbi Pedunculopontine nucleus microelectrode recordings in movement disorder patients
    Moran Weinberger
    Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Med Sci Bldg 3302, 1 King s College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 188:165-74. 2008
    ..It remains to be seen to what extent the physiological characteristics of the neurons and the stimulation-evoked effects will permit reliable identification of PPN and determination of the optimal target for DBS therapy...
  16. ncbi Cerebral blood flow changes induced by pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: a [(15)O] H2O PET study
    Benedicte Ballanger
    Toronto Western Research Institute Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour Systems Neuroscience, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Hum Brain Mapp 30:3901-9. 2009
    ..Whether these findings are associated with the DBS-PPN clinical effect remains to be proven. However, they suggest that PPN modulation may induce functional changes in neural networks associated with the control of lower limb movements...
  17. ncbi Levodopa response in long-term bilateral subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease
    Panida Piboolnurak
    Movement Disorders Center, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 22:990-7. 2007
    ..1% at 3 years and 19.2% at 5 years). Anti-PD drugs were significantly reduced by 47.9% at 3 years and 39.8% at 5 years. However, the magnitude of the preoperative response to levodopa did not predict DBS benefit at 3 and 5 years...
  18. ncbi Selective enhancement of rapid eye movement sleep by deep brain stimulation of the human pons
    Andrew S Lim
    Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Ann Neurol 66:110-4. 2009
    ..This represents the first demonstration that DBS can selectively modulate human sleep, and it supports an important role for the pedunculopontine nucleus region in modulating human REM sleep. Ann Neurol 2009;66:110-114...
  19. ncbi Beta oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus and its relation to dopaminergic response in Parkinson's disease
    Moran Weinberger
    Department of Physiology, Med Sci Building 3302, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
    J Neurophysiol 96:3248-56. 2006
    ..The study also suggests that LFP beta oscillatory activity is generated largely within the dorsal portion of the STN and can produce synchronous oscillatory activity of the local neuronal population...
  20. ncbi Subdural motor cortex stimulation in Parkinson's disease does not modify movement-related rCBF pattern
    Antonio P Strafella
    Movement Disorders Center, Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 22:2113-6. 2007
    ..We conclude that while MCS may be a simpler and safer surgical procedure than DBS of STN, it failed to provide evidence of clear effect on motor performance and movement-related activation pattern in patients with advanced PD...
  21. ncbi Oscillatory activity in the globus pallidus internus: comparison between Parkinson's disease and dystonia
    Moran Weinberger
    Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Clin Neurophysiol 123:358-68. 2012
    ....
  22. ncbi rCBF changes associated with PPN stimulation in a patient with Parkinson's disease: a PET study
    Antonio P Strafella
    Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 23:1051-4. 2008
    ....
  23. ncbi The nature and time course of cortical activation following subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease
    Renju Kuriakose
    Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
    Cereb Cortex 20:1926-36. 2010
    ..Cortical activation may be related to the clinical effects of STN DBS in PD...
  24. ncbi Somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the human pedunculopontine nucleus region
    I Jin Yeh
    Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 25:2076-83. 2010
    ..Among the 10 recordings with HFOs, only 1 had possible phase reversal in the bipolar derivation. Our results suggest that there are direct somatosensory inputs to the PPNR. The slow components and HFOs of the SEP have different origins...
  25. ncbi Involvement of the basal ganglia and cerebellar motor pathways in the preparation of self-initiated and externally triggered movements in humans
    Jamie Purzner
    The Krembil Neuroscience Centre and Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
    J Neurosci 27:6029-36. 2007
    ..The CTC pathway is involved in the preparation of self-paced but not externally cued movements, although the pathway may still be involved in the execution of these movements...
  26. ncbi Long-term effect of unilateral pallidotomy on levodopa-induced dyskinesia
    Galit Kleiner-Fisman
    Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 25:1496-8. 2010
    ..Though sample size was small, there was a trend towards a reduction in LID lasting up to 12 years suggesting that posteroventral pallidotomy may provide sustained benefit in reducing LID...
  27. ncbi Unilateral pedunculopontine stimulation improves falls in Parkinson's disease
    Elena Moro
    Division of Neurosurgery, 4 447 Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8 Canada
    Brain 133:215-24. 2010
    ..Our results suggest that pedunculopontine nucleus deep-brain stimulation may be effective in preventing falls in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease but that further evaluation of this procedure is required...
  28. ncbi Psychiatric symptoms following surgery for Parkinson's disease with an emphasis on subthalamic stimulation
    Valerie Voon
    Department of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Canada
    Adv Neurol 96:130-47. 2005
    ..The paucity of the literature underscores the need for well-designed studies on psychiatric issues investigating both pathophysiology and clinical outcomes...
  29. ncbi Clinicopathological study in progressive supranuclear palsy with pedunculopontine stimulation
    Lili Naz Hazrati
    Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 27:1304-7. 2012
    ..However, targeting this nucleus can be challenging. We report on the first neuropathological analyses after PPN-DBS surgery in advanced progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)...
  30. ncbi The dominant-STN phenomenon in bilateral STN DBS for Parkinson's disease
    Anna Castrioto
    Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Neurobiol Dis 41:131-7. 2011
    ..In our sample 50% of the patients presented with a dominant-STN, suggesting that a non-negligible part of PD patients might not need bilateral STN-DBS surgery...
  31. ncbi Location of active contacts in patients with primary dystonia treated with globus pallidus deep brain stimulation
    Clement Hamani
    Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
    Neurosurgery 62:217-23; discussion 223-5. 2008
    ..We compared the location of the contacts being used for stimulation (active contacts) in patients with cervical dystonia, generalized dystonia, and Parkinson's disease and correlated the results with clinical outcome...
  32. ncbi Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for tremor in patients with multiple sclerosis
    Cristina V Torres
    Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Neurosurgery 67:646-51; discussion 651. 2010
    ..Tremor is an important cause of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus is said to be beneficial for MS tremor...
  33. ncbi Unilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation in a patient with cervical dystonia and tremor
    Cristina V Torres
    Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    J Neurosurg 113:1230-3. 2010
    ..The authors report on a case of unilateral GPi implantation that resulted in sustained benefit with marked improvement in pain and dystonia...
  34. ncbi The pedunculopontine nucleus as a target for deep brain stimulation
    Clement Hamani
    Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street WW 4 447, Toronto, ON, M5T2S8, Canada
    J Neural Transm 118:1461-8. 2011
    ..In this article, we review some of the basic aspects of the PPN as a target and the outcome of the recently published clinical trials...
  35. ncbi Characterization of REM-sleep associated ponto-geniculo-occipital waves in the human pons
    Andrew S Lim
    Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Sleep 30:823-7. 2007
    ..We sought to identify and characterize human PGO waves...
  36. ncbi Psychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease presenting for deep brain stimulation surgery
    Valerie Voon
    Department of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    J Neurosurg 103:246-51. 2005
    ..In the present study, preoperative psychiatric symptoms were systematically assessed in patients with PD presenting for routine preoperative psychiatric assessment...
  37. ncbi Modulation of Beta oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus with prosaccades and antisaccades in Parkinson's disease
    Akihiro Yugeta
    Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Research Institute, and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson s Disease, Division of Neurosurgery, and Toronto Western Research Institute, and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
    J Neurosci 33:6895-904. 2013
    ..Beta-band desynchronization in the STN may reflect the additional processes associated with suppression of reflexive responses and volitional execution of saccades in the opposite direction...
  38. ncbi Deep brain stimulation: preoperative issues
    Anthony E Lang
    Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 21:S171-96. 2006
    ..It outlines answers to a series of questions developed to address all aspects of deep brain stimulation preoperative decision-making...
  39. ncbi Randomized controlled trial of intraputamenal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor infusion in Parkinson disease
    Anthony E Lang
    Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Ann Neurol 59:459-66. 2006
    ..This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to confirm initial clinical benefits observed in a small, open-label trial using intraputamenal (Ipu) infusion of recombinant human GDNF (liatermin)...
  40. ncbi Pallidal deep brain stimulation influences both reflexive and voluntary saccades in Huntington's disease
    Adrian P Fawcett
    Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Mov Disord 20:371-7. 2005
    ..Our data demonstrate a task-specific improvement of oculomotor deficits in this HD patient with pallidal DBS, supporting a role of GPi in oculomotor control...
  41. ncbi A survey on the impact of the menstrual cycle on movement disorders severity
    Anna Castrioto
    Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Can J Neurol Sci 37:478-81. 2010
    ..We designed a survey to quantify how frequently female patients with various movement disorders are affected by this phenomenon and its impact on symptom severity...
  42. ncbi Surgery for other movement disorders: dystonia, tics
    Clement Hamani
    Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Curr Opin Neurol 20:470-6. 2007
    ..We review the neurosurgical treatment of dystonias and tics, focusing mainly on the surgical aspects and outcome of deep brain stimulation...
  43. ncbi Amantadine improves gait in PD patients with STN stimulation
    Hiu Fai Chan
    Movement Disorders Center, Division of Neurology, TWH, University of Toronto, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:316-9. 2013
    ..2%) patients reported improvement in gait and balance. In conclusion, our data suggest that amantadine may have new beneficial effects on axial symptoms in PD patients with STN-DBS...
  44. ncbi Clinical features of dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome in a movement disorders clinic
    Margarita Pondal
    Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 84:130-5. 2013
    ....
  45. ncbi Neuromodulation: a more comprehensive concept beyond deep brain stimulation
    Clement Hamani
    Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Int Rev Neurobiol 107:1-3. 2012
    ..As the number of indications and studies increases, so does research in associated fields. This chapter provides a brief introduction and discusses the overall contents of this volume of the International Review of Neurobiology...
  46. ncbi Acute psychotropic effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation and levodopa in Parkinson's disease
    Aurélie Funkiewiez
    Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
    Mov Disord 18:524-30. 2003
    ....
  47. ncbi Response to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation
    Elena Moro
    Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences and INSERM U318, Joseph Fourier University, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
    Brain 125:2408-17. 2002
    ..In addition, the persistence of levodopa intake after surgery might hinder this beneficial process...
  48. ncbi Intraoperative micro- and macrostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease
    Pierre Pollak
    Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
    Mov Disord 17:S155-61. 2002
    ..New skills are needed to assess all stimulation-induced effects and interpret them in anatomo-functional terms...
  49. ncbi Treatment results: Parkinson's disease
    Pierre Pollak
    Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, France
    Mov Disord 17:S75-83. 2002
    ..Intracranial electrode implantation can induce a hematoma or contusion. Most authors agree that the benefit to risk ratio of DBS is favorable...
  50. ncbi How many parkinsonian patients are suitable candidates for deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus? Results of a questionnaire
    Letterio Morgante
    Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche, Universita di Messina, Italy
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord 13:528-31. 2007
    ..Items related to disease severity were responsible for the largest number of exclusions. This knowledge will help make decisions on resource allocation in centres wishing to start DBS surgery...
  51. ncbi Pathological gambling in Parkinson's disease improves on chronic subthalamic nucleus stimulation
    Claire Ardouin
    , CHU Grenoble, INSERM U318, , Grenoble, France
    Mov Disord 21:1941-6. 2006
    ....
  52. ncbi Basic algorithms for the programming of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
    Jens Volkmann
    Department of Neurology, Christian Albrechts Universitat Kiel, Kiel, Germany
    Mov Disord 21:S284-9. 2006
    ..The basic programming algorithms for thalamic, subthalamic, and pallidal stimulation in PD are explained and summarized in flowcharts...
  53. ncbi Fixed dystonia unresponsive to pallidal stimulation improved by motor cortex stimulation
    Alberto J Espay
    Neurology 69:1062-3; author reply 1063. 2007
  54. ncbi GDNF in treatment of Parkinson's disease: response to editorial
    Anthony E Lang
    Lancet Neurol 5:200-2. 2006