G Liu

..Predictive and prognostic analyses of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ABCG2, and AKT1 genetic polymorphisms were performed...

..In contrast to the results of smaller published studies, no association between p53 Arg72Pro, MDM2 T309G, and CCND1 G870A SNPs and susceptibility to esophageal adenocarcinoma, age of onset, or stage of disease at diagnosis was detected...

..No relationships were found for the XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism. We conclude that combined NER and BER pathways are important to the development of EA...

..63 (0.4-1.1), respectively, for never, mild (<30 pack-years), moderate (30-57 pack-years) and heavy smokers (>or=58 pack-years). In conclusion, a strong gene-smoking interaction was observed between the MDM2 SNP309 and NSCLC risk...

..01) and a significantly higher risk of treatment-related rash/diarrhea (P=0.004, multivariate model). EGFR intron 1 and -216G/T polymorphisms influence clinical outcomes in gefitinib-treated non-small-cell lung cancer patients...

..1-2.8; case-only analysis) of having AC versus SCC if they also carried a p53 Pro allele. We conclude that different genotype combinations of p53 and GSTM1 increase the risk of developing specific histological subtypes of NSCLC...

..In MMP2 wild-type individuals, HP was significantly protective of EA risk (adjusted odds ratio: 0.29; 95% confidence interval=0.1-0.7). Matrix metalloproteinases may modulate the EA-HP relationship...

..These polymorphisms thus have the potential to identify a sub-population of smokers at greater lung cancer risk, wherein this risk could be driven by an aberrant SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling pathway...

..p53 is a tumor suppressor gene, and X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is involved in the base-excision repair of ROS-induced DNA damage...

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..In conclusion, cumulative cigarette smoking plays an important role in altering the direction and magnitude of the associations between the XRCC1 and ERCC2 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk...

..Many techniques are available to assay for these biomarkers. In this review, we present the current weight of evidence for using these methods as biomarkers for anti-EGFR therapy in patients with NSCLC...

..Studies have focused on the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) pathways. We investigated whether variant alleles in seven SNPs within these pathways increased the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma...

..14), GSTT1 (AOR: 1.19) and CYP1A1 (AOR: 1.08) polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer susceptibility. Smoking and drinking status did not affect results. These polymorphisms do not appear to be important gene modifiers in pancreatic cancer...

..In this large case-control study, we investigated whether functional polymorphisms (-460C/T, +405C/G, +936C/T) in the VEGF gene are associated with the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

..MMP1, MMP3 and possibly MMP12 -82A/G polymorphisms and their haplotypes are associated with increased EA risk...

..00-1.75; 1G/2G) and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.88-1.73; 2G/2G) in males, respectively. In conclusion, genotypes containing the 2G allele of the MMP-1 polymorphism are associated with higher risk of lung cancer in never-smokers and in males...

..However, how multiple factors jointly affect EA risk remains unclear...

..A stronger gene-smoking interaction was observed for the Asp312Asn polymorphism than for the Lys751Gln polymorphism. In conclusion, cumulative cigarette smoking modifies the associations between ERCC2 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk...

..Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes are associated with differential DNA repair activity and may explain interindividual differences in overall survival after therapy with platinum agents for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

..For women carrying the MPO variant genotypes, the adjusted odds ratio of the SOD2 polymorphism (Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala) was 3.26 (95% CI, 1.55-6.83). No associations were found in men or in women carrying the MPO GG wildtype genotype...

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..Polymorphisms have been identified in the ERCC1 gene, the C8092A and codon 118 polymorphisms, which may lead to an altered capacity to regenerate damaged normal tissue and greater treatment-related toxicity...

..These findings are in contrast with earlier studies suggesting a protective effect of carrying the variant A allele...

..70; 95% CI, 1.04-2.73; P = 0.034). These results suggested that cigarette smoking modifies the association between VEGF polymorphisms and EA risk among Caucasians...

..Only one GC heterozygous and no CC homozygous variants were found. Our results suggest that the frequency of the C allele in this Chinese population is lower than in Caucasian and east Indian populations...

..The joint effects of NAT2 and mEH polymorphisms are consistent with an independent, additive effect of these two genes, modified by smoking history...

..We hypothesized that the MDM2 G/G genotype may be associated with worse survival outcomes in lung cancer, especially in squamous cell cancers where p53 abnormalities are more common...

..We investigated the potential predictive significance of functional NER single nucleotide polymorphisms in esophageal cancer patients treated with (n = 262) or without (n = 108) cisplatin...

..24, P(gender) = 0.17). No interactions were observed for FAS -1377 G>A and BAT3 Ser625Pro polymorphisms. Our findings indicate that age and smoking may modify the association of the FASLG -844 and IL1B + 3954 SNPs with the risk of NSCLC...

..We hypothesized that the G allele is also associated with increased risk and worse outcome in pancreatic cancer...

..We hypothesized that the EGF A61G homozygous variant genotype (GG) is (a) both a risk and poor prognostic factor for EAC and (b) associated with higher EGF serum levels in individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)...

..In conclusion, ERCC1 8092C > A polymorphism may modify the associations between cumulative cigarette smoking and lung cancer risk...

..03 (95% CI, 1.47-11.1); for the P1-p53 DV the AOR was 5.10 (95% CI, 1.42-18.30). Specific DVs of GSTM1, GSTP1, and p53 codon 72 are associated with a higher lung cancer risk. This susceptibility is highest among younger individuals...

..Compared with White women, Chinese American women have greater cortical volumetric bone density (vBMD) at the hip, congruent with the results at the peripheral skeleton...

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..Polymorphisms in the VEGF gene have been identified that are believed to have functional activity. We hypothesized that such polymorphisms may affect survival outcomes among early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients...

..Molecular epidemiological studies are now focused on building larger databases from existing smaller studies and developing strategies to simultaneously evaluate multiple polymorphisms and genes within the same pathway...

..Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability. The VEGF gene is polymorphic. We investigated the prognostic significance of three VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in esophageal cancer...

..62-8.20) when compared with the most common 1G-5A-82A-1082A haplotype. In conclusion, the combined MMP genotypes and associated haplotypes may be associated with higher risk of lung cancer, particularly among never smokers and men...

..This review discusses the role of genetic polymorphisms and their association with esophageal cancer risk and prognosis. The article also highlights future directions in this new, emerging field of molecular epidemiology...

..71). Similar associations were found in haplotype analysis and for RFS among SCC patients. In conclusion, VDR polymorphisms may be associated with improved survival among SCC patients of early-stage NSCLC...

..We hypothesized that polymorphisms in these MMP genes may be associated with survival outcomes in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

..We therefore show, for the first time, that pharmacologic reversal of epigenetic changes of the SWI/SNF chromatic remodeling complex subunit, BRM, is a potentially viable and novel therapeutic approach...

..It is particularly useful when simultaneously monitoring the behavior of both protein complexes and DNA loci within the genome. The details of this methodology are described and systematically tested in this communication...

..Our findings suggest that STAT3 and IGF-IR may represent potential effective targets for prevention or treatment of prostate cancer...

..Despite a large number of exploratory studies, large replication studies in well-characterized HNC populations are warranted...

..We further investigated the results of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in NSCLC patients...

..Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD2) are enzymes that regulate reactive oxygen species and contain recognized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that confer altered enzyme activity...

..In conclusion, smoking cessation is associated with improved survival in early stage NSCLC patients. The longer the time since cessation of smoking, the better the survival outcome...

..CONCLUSIONS: Dietary iron, zinc, and calcium may play an important role in the development of lung cancer, especially among current smokers. These results need to be confirmed in large prospective studies...

..We hypothesized that vitamin D levels and VDR polymorphisms may also affect survival among patients with advanced NSCLC...

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..The variant GSTP1 GG genotype is associated with lower enzymatic activity and higher DNA adduct levels in human lymphocytes compared with the AA genotype...

..We conclude that this synthesis route provides a simplified path to the synthesis of N(3)S chelators which in principle may be used to incorporate any natural or unnatural amino acid...

..These results underscore the overt change in phenotype that occurs when chondrocytes are cultured as monolayers on tissue-culture plastic substrata...

..The addition of LO to VSMC elevated the levels of intracellular H(2)O(2), enhanced stress fiber formation, and focal adhesion assembly, is consistent with the induction of the chemotactic response...

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..We identified determinants of BMD among 359 Chinese-American women in order to identify risk factors for low BMD in this burgeoning population. BMD in Chinese-American women is influenced by a number of factors, including immigration...

..Prior studies have focused on specific cardiac lesions or identified univariate predictors. There is a need to refine the risk stratification of women with heart disease so they can receive appropriate obstetrical counseling and care...

..Articles included in this special issue are highlights of the results of each of these components...

..Our studies suggest that an early and persistent change in mostly steroid-resistant glomerular gene expression is the hallmark of severe and progressive glomerular disease...

..Results were consistent in both patients with lung cancer (n=63) and in normal controls (n=21). In conclusion, the presence of a p53 Pro allele and/or p21 Arg allele is associated with lower downstream target gene expression of p21...

..Their role in early-stage NSCLC has not been established. Our purpose was to explore the use of preoperative gefitinib in clinical stage I NSCLC to assess tumor response, toxicity, and clinical and molecular predictors of response...

..In conclusion, the joint effects of surgery season and recent vitamin D intake seem to be associated with the survival of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients...

..Second hand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with higher risk of lung cancer. However, the role of SHS in lung cancer survival is not clear...

..Using clinical trial and epidemiologic methods, we assessed the quality of prognostic and outcomes data obtainable from a large case-control study of lung cancer...

..We discuss the interrelatedness among the disease susceptibility, treatment response, and prognosis at the genetic level and focus on how the emerging technologies and approaches can uniquely benefit the genetic prognosis studies...

..In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how candidate genes and genetic variations are selected to evaluate gene-outcome, gene-prognosis, and gene-treatment response relationships as applicable to the practicing oncologist...

..The genes and their SNPs identified in the network-based analysis represent potential candidates for gene-gene and SNP-SNP interaction studies in cancer research...

..Cumulative dust exposures, but not genetic polymorphisms, were associated significantly with the presence of CWP. This study illustrates the complexity of factors that may contribute to the development of CWP...

..Our results provide compelling evidence of a locus at 15q25 predisposing to lung cancer, and reinforce interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as potential disease candidates and chemopreventative targets...

..In conclusion, we provide a general framework for evaluating different smoking metrics in studies where smoking is a critical variable...

..9 (T/T), 16.1 (C/T), and 13.3 (C/C) months, respectively. In conclusion, the ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism may be a useful predictor of OS in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy...

..Familial site-specific pancreatic cancer appears to be a distinct genetic entity, but contributes only modestly to the total burden of pancreatic cancer...

..e. in the earlier part of life (0-25 years of age) the risk of lung cancer is greater compared to an exposure occurring after age 25...

..Furthermore, the proposed studies address directly a prioritized research area identified by the NCI Stomach and Esophageal Cancers Progress Review Group (Year 2002). ..