Kevin B Laupland

..This study determined the incidence of and demographic risk factors for developing Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. infections in a general Canadian population...

..We sought to evaluate clinical equipoise by surveying Canadian surgeons regarding the use of temporary abdominal closure strategies in damage control and emergency situations...

..The purpose was to (1) determine whether perceived OPTXs were truly occult or simply missed and (2) address factors that contribute to the poor sensitivity of the supine CXR...

..Severe acute renal failure (sARF) is associated with considerable morbidity, mortality and use of healthcare resources; however, its precise epidemiology and long-term outcomes have not been well described in a non-specified population...

..Although hand-held US equipment is now commercially available and may expand the availability and speed of US in assessing the trauma patient, it has not been subjected to controlled evaluation in early trauma care...

..Our objective was to evaluate the potential magnitude of bias in reporting of etiologic agents and their resistance rates associated with inclusion of multiple patient samples and non-random timing and location of sampling...

..Basic markers available early in resuscitation are highly predictive for OPTXs and may guide management before CT scanning. Further study of OPTX detection and management is required...

..However, population-based data are limited. The objective of this study was to define the occurrence of S. enterica bacteremia in a large international population and to evaluate temporal and regional differences...

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..In this large Canadian region, AmpC beta-lactamase-producing E. coli is an emerging community pathogen that commonly causes urinary tract infections in older women...

..Our findings suggest that CR and dissemination of MBL clusters among P. aeruginosa populations in large geographic healthcare regions are dynamic processes that require continuous molecular surveillance...

..The aim of the study is to determine the incidence, demographic risk factors, and outcomes of critical illness among all adult status Aboriginal Canadians (SACs) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs)...

..Further studies are warranted to investigate whether community-onset diseases caused by ESBL-producing E. coli are related to a point source or transmission within the community...

..Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have emerged as significant causes of community-onset disease. We sought to identify risk factors for acquiring community-onset ESBL-producing E. coli...

..Identification of risk factors for severe bloodstream infection may allow targeting of preventive efforts to individuals at greatest potential benefit...

..Haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of invasive infection but contemporary data in non-selected populations is limited...

..The objectives of this study were to describe the occurrence, microbiology, and risk factors for acquiring UTIs in the ICU and to determine whether these infections independently increase mortality...

..This study investigated the influence of comorbidities as measured by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) on the 1-year mortality after major traumatic injury...

..aeruginosa strains were associated with a higher case-fatality rate and invasive disease. Our study highlights the potential importance of molecular laboratory techniques in infection control and patient care...

..We sought to describe the epidemiological profile of S. aureus bacteremia and to assess whether the incidence and severity of and the antimicrobial resistance rates associated with this bacteremia are increasing...

..This study illustrates the importance of molecular surveillance in tracking CTX-M-producing E. coli strains in the community and investigating their influx into hospitals...

..Systematic population-based data to guide clinicians with respect to this risk are, however, lacking...

..We sought to determine the occurrence and relation of hyperlactatemia with ICU mortality in all patients admitted to four ICUs in a large regional critical care system...

..coli. We recommend that laboratories using Vitek should employ alternative susceptibility testing methods for TZP before reporting the activity of this agent against ESBL-producing E. coli...

..CONCLUSIONS: Non-neurologic organ dysfunction is common in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and is independently associated with worse outcome...

..The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of inclusion of nonresidents in population-based studies in intensive care...

..We sought to assess the adequacy of empirical therapy and its effect on mortality in invasive Candida species infections...

..To determine the rate of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization at admission to intensive care units (ICU) and assess its effect on the development of an ICU-acquired S aureus infection...

..Kidney dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU) results in increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs; however, long-term mortality has not been described across strata of severity in kidney dysfunction...

..Whether patients with chronic kidney disease who are not receiving dialysis are also at increased risk of bloodstream infection is less clear...

..In our region, multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms are uncommon causes of bloodstream infections, suggesting that it may be safe to use narrower spectrum empirical treatment regimens than current guidelines recommend...

..The objective of this study was to define the occurrence of, risk factors for, and antifungal susceptibilities of invasive Candida species infections in a large Canadian health region...

..Few population-based studies have evaluated pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in North America. We assessed the incidence of PLA and evaluated predictors of mortality...

..We describe a case of DDS-induced cerebral edema that resulted in irreversible brain injury and death following acute HD and review the relevant literature of the association of DDS and HD...

..Because abdominal CT imaging misses OPTXs in the upper thorax, the objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of cervical spine (C-spine) CT screening for diagnosing OPTXs...

..Population-based laboratory surveillance was subsequently conducted that identified an annual incidence of invasive C. perfringens disease of 0.83 per 100,000 population with a striking age-related increased risk for acquisition...

..coli isolates; and this is the first study to identify CTX-M-14 in E. coli clone ST131...

..The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence and factors predictive of prolonged ICU stay at admission, and to define the long-term (>/= 1 year) mortality outcome...

..Patient care may be inconsistent during off hours. We sought to determine whether adults admitted to or discharged from intensive care units (ICUs) on evenings and weekends have increased mortality rates...

..Males and the elderly are at the highest risk for acquiring sTBI and may represent target groups for preventive efforts...

..We sought to examine whether NIRS measurement of the AW was safe, and correlated with intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in ICU patients...

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..2; 95% confidence interval, 3.69-54.84). Strains of E. coli with blaCTX-M genes commonly cause community-onset infections, and women and older patients are at highest risk...

..A study was designed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in a centralized region over a 10 year period (2000-09)...

..Our study suggested that clone ST131 coproducing CTX-M-15, OXA-1, TEM-1, and AAC(6')-Ib-cr and clonally unrelated CTX-M-14 producers have emerged as important causes of community-acquired, travel-related infections...

..We sought to describe the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes associated with K. pneumoniae bacteremia...

..Electronic surveillance systems (ESSs) that utilize existing information in databases are more efficient than conventional infection surveillance methods...

..This study describes the relationship between TTP and clinical outcome in all patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in a large Canadian health region...

..Thus, more rapid diagnostic testing of ESBL-producing bacteria and the possible modification of guidelines for community-onset bacteraemia associated with UTIs are required...

..To systematically review the literature to assess whether adjunctive therapy with polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (ivIg) reduces mortality among critically ill adults with severe sepsis and septic shock...

..Although trauma is associated with major acute morbidity and mortality, its long-term outcome is less well defined. We sought to define the rate of readmission to hospital and long-term mortality of victims of major trauma...

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..It is hoped that ongoing work in this area will be useful in the development of effective injury prevention and health resource allocation strategies...

..4 per 1 million people annually. CONCLUSION: This population-based study demonstrates that severe electrocution is rare but is associated with death in the majority of cases in this large Canadian region...

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..CONCLUSIONS: CXR missed over half of all PTXs. OPTXs had a greater anterior versus lateral (nearly 4-fold) and both basal and apical versus lateral (2-fold) distribution. OPTXs are often located at easily accessible sonographic windows...

..However, a third category of healthcare-associated (HCA) community onset disease has been increasingly recognized. The objective of this study was to compare and contrast characteristics of HCA-BSI with CA-BSI and HA-BSI...

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..An additional goal was to define the relationship of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) with nonneurological organ dysfunction...

..To survey the opinions of Canadian critical care medicine and infectious disease specialists about the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for the treatment of severe infections...

..The objective of this study is to determine the associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hospitalization or death with pneumonia...

..Despite greater societal attention, medical admission after MVC results in avoidance of legal consequences. We sought to determine characteristics of, and consequences to, injured alcohol-impaired drivers (IAIDs)...

..To survey surgeon opinion regarding the management of the open abdomen (OA) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) to assess current practice and direct future prospective clinical studies...

..We report our regional CRRT protocol that was developed using the principles of quality improvement and compare the effect of regional citrate with systemic heparin anticoagulation on filter life span...

..There is limited evidence to guide the use of specific drugs, multidrug effective regimens and the duration of therapy, and an individualized approach is needed...

..There is a relative paucity of research on nosocomial urinary tract infection specifically acquired in the intensive care unit and further studies are needed to better define the epidemiology and management of these infections...

..Our results indicate that CTX-M type predicts phylogenetic background, and the virulence potential of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates is a complex issue, requiring further study and ongoing surveillance...

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..This review focuses on the clinical and microbiologic aspects of key emerging infections caused by this group of microorganisms...

..CONCLUSIONS: Nosocomial UTIs develop commonly in the critically ill and women and those with an extended ICU stay are at increased risk. Although ICU-acquired UTIs are markers of morbidity, they do not significantly increase mortality...

..22 per 100,000 population. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important data on the burden of PLA and identifies risk groups that might potentially benefit from preventive efforts...

..This study provides important data on the burden of ISA disease and identifies risk groups that may potentially benefit from preventive efforts...

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..However, the low yield may limit their usefulness, particularly in low-risk populations. This study was conducted to assess the utility of blood cultures drawn from ambulatory outpatients...

..Although mupirocin is effective at reducing nasal carriage, routine use of topical intranasal mupirocin for infection prophylaxis is not supported by the currently available evidence...

..This article highlights the need for randomized clinical trials and economic evaluations of therapies in critical care medicine for which the effect of the therapy on health outcomes and/or costs are unknown...

..A combined negative rapid test consisting of Gram's stain/bacterial ATP assay rules out significant bacteria in BAL samples with a high degree of certainty. Future studies are needed to clinically validate these observations...

..The objective of this study was to develop a health-related quality of life questionnaire (HRQL) for patients with extremity soft tissue infections (ESTI) for future use in clinical trials...

..Enterococci rarely cause pleuropulmonary infections. A novel case of definitively diagnosed nosocomial Enterococcus faecium pneumonia, empyema, and endocarditis associated with septic shock is reported...

..Hospital-based series have characterized Hafnia alvei primarily as an infrequent agent of polymicrobial nosocomial infections in males with underlying illness...

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