A Laupacis

Summary

Affiliation: University of Ottawa
Country: Canada

Publications

  1. ncbi Patient preference-based treatment thresholds and recommendations: a comparison of decision-analytic modeling with the probability-tradeoff technique
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Geriatric Assessment Unit, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Med Decis Making 20:394-403. 2000
  2. ncbi Balancing the risks of stroke and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in older patients with atrial fibrillation
    Malcolm Man-Son-Hing
    Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Geriatric Assessment Unit, Ottawa Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
    Arch Intern Med 162:541-50. 2002
  3. ncbi Development of a decision aid for atrial fibrillation who are considering antithrombotic therapy
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    J Gen Intern Med 15:723-30. 2000
  4. ncbi Determination of the clinical importance of study results
    Malcolm Man-Son-Hing
    Received from the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
    J Gen Intern Med 17:469-76. 2002
  5. ncbi The Canadian CT Head Rule Study for patients with minor head injury: rationale, objectives, and methodology for phase I (derivation)
    I G Stiell
    Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
    Ann Emerg Med 38:160-9. 2001
  6. ncbi Emergency physicians' attitudes toward and use of clinical decision rules for radiography
    I D Graham
    Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ontario, Canada
    Acad Emerg Med 5:134-40. 1998
  7. ncbi A patient decision aid regarding antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Loeb Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    JAMA 282:737-43. 1999
  8. ncbi The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients
    I G Stiell
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, F6, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
    JAMA 286:1841-8. 2001
  9. ncbi Association of drug therapy with survival in cardiac arrest: limited role of advanced cardiac life support drugs
    I G Stiell
    University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada
    Acad Emerg Med 2:264-73. 1995
  10. ncbi Choosing antithrombotic therapy for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation who are at risk for falls
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Arch Intern Med 159:677-85. 1999

Detail Information

Publications59

  1. ncbi Patient preference-based treatment thresholds and recommendations: a comparison of decision-analytic modeling with the probability-tradeoff technique
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Geriatric Assessment Unit, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Med Decis Making 20:394-403. 2000
    ....
  2. ncbi Balancing the risks of stroke and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in older patients with atrial fibrillation
    Malcolm Man-Son-Hing
    Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Geriatric Assessment Unit, Ottawa Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
    Arch Intern Med 162:541-50. 2002
    ....
  3. ncbi Development of a decision aid for atrial fibrillation who are considering antithrombotic therapy
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    J Gen Intern Med 15:723-30. 2000
    ..This information should enable clinicians to better understand the role that decision aids may have in their interactions with patients...
  4. ncbi Determination of the clinical importance of study results
    Malcolm Man-Son-Hing
    Received from the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
    J Gen Intern Med 17:469-76. 2002
    ..The possible benefits of this approach include enabling clinicians to more easily interpret the results of clinical trials from a clinical perspective, and promoting a more rational approach to the design of prospective clinical trials...
  5. ncbi The Canadian CT Head Rule Study for patients with minor head injury: rationale, objectives, and methodology for phase I (derivation)
    I G Stiell
    Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
    Ann Emerg Med 38:160-9. 2001
    ..The Canadian CT Head Rule Study for patients with minor head injury: rationale, objectives, and methodology for phase I (derivation). Ann Emerg Med. August 2001;38:160-169.]..
  6. ncbi Emergency physicians' attitudes toward and use of clinical decision rules for radiography
    I D Graham
    Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ontario, Canada
    Acad Emerg Med 5:134-40. 1998
    ....
  7. ncbi A patient decision aid regarding antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Loeb Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    JAMA 282:737-43. 1999
    ..Decision aids are tools designed to help patients participate in the clinical decision-making process...
  8. ncbi The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients
    I G Stiell
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, F6, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
    JAMA 286:1841-8. 2001
    ..High levels of variation and inefficiency exist in current clinical practice regarding use of cervical spine (C-spine) radiography in alert and stable trauma patients...
  9. ncbi Association of drug therapy with survival in cardiac arrest: limited role of advanced cardiac life support drugs
    I G Stiell
    University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada
    Acad Emerg Med 2:264-73. 1995
    ..To generate hypotheses regarding the association of standard Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) drugs with human cardiac arrest survival...
  10. ncbi Choosing antithrombotic therapy for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation who are at risk for falls
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Arch Intern Med 159:677-85. 1999
    ..To determine whether the risk of falling (with a possible increased chance of subdural hematoma) should influence the choice of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation...
  11. ncbi A cumulative meta-analysis of the effectiveness of defibrillator-capable emergency medical services for victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    G Nichol
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Health Research Institute, Division of General Internal Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Ann Emerg Med 34:517-25. 1999
    ....
  12. ncbi The Ottawa patient decision aids
    A M O'Connor
    University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Eff Clin Pract 2:163-70. 1999
    ..Shared decision-making programs, or patient decision aids, have been developed for difficult decisions in which patients need to consider benefits versus risks...
  13. ncbi Differences in treatment preferences between persons who enrol and do not enrol in a clinical trial
    M Man-Son-Hing
    Geriatric Assessment Unit, Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
    Ann R Coll Physicians Surg Can 34:292-6. 2001
    ..To quantitatively compare preferences for treatment between persons who enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and those who were eligible but chose not to enrol...
  14. ncbi Autologous versus allogeneic transfusion: patients' perceptions and experiences
    I D Graham
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ont
    CMAJ 160:989-95. 1999
    ..This study was designed to determine patients' perceptions about the autologous blood donation process and their experiences with transfusion...
  15. ncbi What is the quality of life for survivors of cardiac arrest? A prospective study
    G Nichol
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Acad Emerg Med 6:95-102. 1999
    ..To evaluate the quality of life of survivors of in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and to correlate quality of life with clinically important parameters...
  16. ncbi An economic analysis of the Ottawa knee rule
    G Nichol
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Ann Emerg Med 34:438-47. 1999
    ..To conduct an economic analysis of the implementation of the Ottawa Knee Rule...
  17. ncbi Erythropoietin to minimize perioperative blood transfusion: a systematic review of randomized trials. The International Study of Peri-operative Transfusion (ISPOT) Investigators
    A Laupacis
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Research Institute, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ontario, Canada
    Transfus Med 8:309-17. 1998
    ....
  18. ncbi Awareness and use of the Ottawa ankle and knee rules in 5 countries: can publication alone be enough to change practice?
    I D Graham
    Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
    Ann Emerg Med 37:259-66. 2001
    ..We evaluate the international diffusion of the Ottawa Ankle and Knee Rules and determine emergency physicians' attitudes toward clinical decision rules in general...
  19. ncbi Drugs to minimize perioperative blood loss in cardiac surgery: meta-analyses using perioperative blood transfusion as the outcome. The International Study of Peri-operative Transfusion (ISPOT) Investigators
    A Laupacis
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Canada
    Anesth Analg 85:1258-67. 1997
    ..We conclude that aprotinin and tranexamic acid, but not desmopressin, decrease the exposure of patients to allogeneic blood transfusion perioperatively in relationship to cardiac surgery...
  20. ncbi Theophylline for irreversible chronic airflow limitation: a randomized study comparing n of 1 trials to standard practice
    J L Mahon
    Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
    Chest 115:38-48. 1999
    ....
  21. ncbi Does acute normovolemic hemodilution reduce perioperative allogeneic transfusion? A meta-analysis. The International Study of Perioperative Transfusion
    G L Bryson
    Department of Anaesthesia, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ontario, Canada
    Anesth Analg 86:9-15. 1998
    ..Many studies reported an impressive reduction in blood transfused. Closer examination suggests that these reductions in blood exposure may be due to flawed study design...
  22. ncbi How well is the clinical importance of study results reported? An assessment of randomized controlled trials
    K B Chan
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ont
    CMAJ 165:1197-202. 2001
    ..Our aim was to assess the quality of reporting of factors related to clinical importance in a sample of published RCTs...
  23. ncbi Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic agents at promoting sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation
    G Nichol
    Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Heart 87:535-43. 2002
    ..To conduct a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to estimate the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs at promoting sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation...
  24. ncbi The future of evidence-based medicine
    A Laupacis
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Can J Clin Pharmacol 8:6A-9A. 2001
    ..As well, EBM is practised in complex, semirational, constantly changing health care systems, which sometimes actually establish barriers to the incorporation of evidence into practice...
  25. ncbi Canadian CT head rule study for patients with minor head injury: methodology for phase II (validation and economic analysis)
    I G Stiell
    Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Ann Emerg Med 38:317-22. 2001
    ..This will determine the clinical utility of the rule and is essential if such a rule is to be widely adopted into clinical practice...
  26. ncbi Use of statins and the subsequent development of deep vein thrombosis
    J G Ray
    Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario
    Arch Intern Med 161:1405-10. 2001
    ..Some of the benefit of statins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease may be due to their antithrombotic properties. Little is known about the effect of these drugs on the development of deep vein thrombosis...
  27. ncbi Cost effectiveness of epoetin-alpha to augment preoperative autologous blood donation in elective cardiac surgery
    D Coyle
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Canada
    Pharmacoeconomics 18:161-71. 2000
    ..The objective of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of using epoetin-alpha (erythropoietin) to augment preoperative autologous donation (PAD) of blood prior to elective cardiac surgery...
  28. ncbi Assessing the quality of randomized trials: reliability of the Jadad scale
    H D Clark
    The Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Control Clin Trials 20:448-52. 1999
    ..In contrast with the conclusions reached by Jadad, we were unable to demonstrate a significant effect of blinding on the quality scores...
  29. ncbi Dictated versus database-generated discharge summaries: a randomized clinical trial
    C van Walraven
    Department of Medicine, Loeb Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ont
    CMAJ 160:319-26. 1999
    ..They are most commonly generated by voice dictation and are often of poor quality. The objective of this study was to compare discharge summaries created by voice dictation with those generated from a clinical database...
  30. ncbi Impact of adverse events on prescribing warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: matched pair analysis
    Niteesh K Choudhry
    Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston 02120, USA
    BMJ 332:141-5. 2006
    ..To quantify the influence of physicians' experiences of adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation who were taking warfarin...
  31. ncbi A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk for stroke while taking aspirin
    Carl van Walraven
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada
    Arch Intern Med 163:936-43. 2003
    ....
  32. ncbi Anticoagulant-related bleeding in older persons with atrial fibrillation: physicians' fears often unfounded
    Malcolm Man-Son-Hing
    Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Geriatric Assessment Unit, Ottawa Hospital, and Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Arch Intern Med 163:1580-6. 2003
    ....
  33. ncbi Risk of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in warfarin users treated with nonselective NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors
    Marisa Battistella
    University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Arch Intern Med 165:189-92. 2005
    ..We examined the association between the concomitant use of warfarin and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or selective COX-2 inhibitors in older adults hospitalized for upper GI hemorrhage...
  34. ncbi Preference-based antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: implications for clinical decision making
    Malcolm Man-Son-Hing
    Elisabeth Bruyere Research Institute and Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Med Decis Making 25:548-59. 2005
    ..The authors compared the thresholds for antithrombotic treatment from studies that determined or modeled the treatment preferences of patients with atrial fibrillation with recommendations from clinical practice guidelines...
  35. ncbi Population rates of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation/flutter in Canada
    Karin H Humphries
    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
    Can J Cardiol 20:869-76. 2004
    ..AF significantly increases the risk of stroke, and anticoagulation has been shown to reduce this risk. However, Canadian data on the prevalence of AF and the use of warfarin in these patients are lacking...
  36. ncbi Oral anticoagulants vs aspirin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: an individual patient meta-analysis
    Carl van Walraven
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Health Research Institute, F 6, Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
    JAMA 288:2441-8. 2002
    ..Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased risk of stroke and other vascular events...
  37. ncbi Warfarin prescribing in atrial fibrillation: the impact of physician, patient, and hospital characteristics
    Niteesh K Choudhry
    Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Am J Med 119:607-15. 2006
    ..The study investigated the determinants of warfarin use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)...
  38. ncbi Relevance of cost-effectiveness analysis to clinicians and policy makers
    Allan S Detsky
    Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    JAMA 298:221-4. 2007
  39. ncbi Effect of age on the use of evidence-based therapies for acute myocardial infarction
    Chau T T Tran
    University of Toronto, Institute of Medical Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Am Heart J 148:834-41. 2004
    ..46; 95% CI, 1.22-1.74). CONCLUSIONS: Despite adjustments for contraindications to therapy, the underuse of AMI treatments, particularly in elderly patients, was found...
  40. ncbi Effect of cardiac and noncardiac conditions on survival after defibrillator implantation
    Douglas S Lee
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    J Am Coll Cardiol 49:2408-15. 2007
    ..We sought to examine outcomes in recipients of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and the effect of age, gender, and comorbidities on survival...
  41. ncbi Propensity score methods gave similar results to traditional regression modeling in observational studies: a systematic review
    Baiju R Shah
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    J Clin Epidemiol 58:550-9. 2005
    ..To determine whether adjusting for confounder bias in observational studies using propensity scores gives different results than using traditional regression modeling...
  42. ncbi A systematic review of the Charlson comorbidity index using Canadian administrative databases: a perspective on risk adjustment in critical care research
    Dale M Needham
    Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    J Crit Care 20:12-9. 2005
    ..Future research should focus on updating the Charlson index for recent changes in the prognosis of comorbid diseases and introduction of International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision coding of discharge abstracts...
  43. ncbi Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors versus non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and congestive heart failure outcomes in elderly patients: a population-based cohort study
    Muhammad Mamdani
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
    Lancet 363:1751-6. 2004
    ..We aimed to compare rates of admission for congestive heart failure in elderly patients who were newly dispensed COX-2 inhibitors or non-selective NSAIDs...
  44. ncbi Changes in rates of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after the introduction of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in British Columbia and Ontario
    Muhammad Mamdani
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    CMAJ 175:1535-8. 2006
    ..01). A similar increase was not observed in British Columbia. INTERPRETATION: More restrictive drug coverage policies, although limiting access to drugs and their potential benefits, may protect the population from adverse drug effects...
  45. ncbi Clinical consequences of generic warfarin substitution: an ecological study
    J Michael Paterson
    JAMA 296:1969-72. 2006
  46. ncbi Revisiting Rose: strategies for reducing coronary heart disease
    Douglas G Manuel
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, G106-2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
    BMJ 332:659-62. 2006
  47. ncbi Antihypertensive therapy and incidence of type 2 diabetes in an elderly cohort
    Raj Padwal
    Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
    Diabetes Care 27:2458-63. 2004
    ..The aim of this study was to determine whether the incidence of type 2 diabetes differed among elderly users of four major antihypertensive drug classes...
  48. ncbi Stroke care delivery in institutions participating in the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network
    Moira K Kapral
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Stroke 35:1756-62. 2004
    ..Guidelines and performance indicators have been established for acute stroke care. However, little is known about the process of stroke care delivery in Canada...
  49. ncbi Observational study of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in elderly patients given selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors or conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
    Muhammad Mamdani
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, 2075 Bayview Avenue G215, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    BMJ 325:624. 2002
    ..To compare rates of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage among elderly patients given selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)...
  50. ncbi Re: Recommendations for the appropriate use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the era of the coxibs: defining the role of the gastroprotective agents
    Andreas Laupacis
    Can J Gastroenterol 16:651; author reply 651-2. 2002
  51. ncbi What can we learn from cost-of-illness studies?
    Andreas Laupacis
    Can J Gastroenterol 16:687-8. 2002
  52. ncbi Initial patterns of use of COX-2 inhibitors by elderly patients in Ontario: findings and implications
    Muhammad Mamdani
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON
    CMAJ 167:1125-6. 2002
  53. ncbi Warfarin therapy and risk of hip fracture among elderly patients
    Muhammad Mamdani
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Pharmacotherapy 23:1-4. 2003
    ..To ascertain the relationship between warfarin therapy and subsequent hip fracture in a large elderly population...
  54. ncbi Effect of selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors and naproxen on short-term risk of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly
    Muhammad Mamdani
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave G215, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
    Arch Intern Med 163:481-6. 2003
    ..We compared the rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among elderly patients dispensed selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, naproxen, and nonselective nonnaproxen nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)...
  55. ncbi Management and outcomes of transient ischemic attacks in Ontario
    David J Gladstone
    Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Regional Stroke Centre, Sunnybrook and Women s College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
    CMAJ 170:1099-104. 2004
    ..We studied prospectively a cohort of consecutive patients presenting with TIA to the emergency department of 4 regional stroke centres in Ontario...
  56. ncbi Age, risk-benefit trade-offs, and the projected effects of evidence-based therapies
    David A Alter
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Am J Med 116:540-5. 2004
    ..We compared the estimated effects of age and efficacy of treatment on survival among patients with acute coronary syndromes...
  57. ncbi Impracticability of informed consent in the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network
    Jack V Tu
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
    N Engl J Med 350:1414-21. 2004
    ..However, the effect of such a requirement on the use of clinical registries and the extent to which registry data can be generalized remain uncertain...
  58. ncbi Gastrointestinal bleeding after the introduction of COX 2 inhibitors: ecological study
    Muhammad Mamdani
    Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, 2075 Bayview Avenue G106, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
    BMJ 328:1415-6. 2004
  59. ncbi The effect of qualitative vs. quantitative presentation of probability estimates on patient decision-making: a randomized trial
    Malcolm Man-Son-Hing
    Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Loeb Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
    Health Expect 5:246-55. 2002
    ....