P Jha

..Such a program is feasible and would avoid millions of child, maternal, and adult deaths annually in poor countries...

..However, a set of blood measures has been collected regularly by the National Malaria Control Program in most districts since 1958...

..Being obese is commonly associated with a reduced physical attractiveness but the associations between body mass index, sexual behaviour and the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections has never been studied...

..Such fuels increase child mortality, chiefly from acute respiratory infection. There are, however, few direct estimates of the impact of solid fuel on child mortality in India...

..We aimed to establish the trends in sex ratio by birth order from 1990 to 2005 with three nationally representative surveys and to quantify the totals of selective abortions of girls with census cohort data...

..We report here on the rationale, design, and implementation of the world's largest prospective study of the causes and correlates of mortality...

..Smoking is often more prevalent among men of lower social class, education, or income. The contribution of smoking to these social inequalities in mortality remains uncertain...

..A description of the types and comprehensiveness of policies currently in place and a discussion of some of the factors correlated with the strength and comprehensive of these policies follows...

..The nationwide effects of smoking on mortality in India have not been assessed reliably...

..Higher taxes, regulations on smoking and information for consumers could avoid at least 115 million smoking-associated deaths in the next few decades, including around 25 million cancer deaths...

..To determine the rates of death and infection from HIV in India...

..Fewer girls than boys are born in India. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain this low sex ratio. Our aim was to ascertain the contribution of prenatal sex determination and selective abortion as measured by previous birth sex...

..66, 95%CI 0.49-0.89), while poverty and a history of blood transfusions were...

..To determine the prevalence and correlates of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) and syphilis infections in the general population in India...

..While VA has been validated against hospital diagnosed cause of death, there has been no research conducted to better understand the factors that may influence individual physicians in determining cause of death from VA...

..25% of controls (OR 2.3, adjusted for age, education and self-reported HIV status). Given that HIV appears to increase TB transmission in Africa, our finding that smoking also increases the risk of TB in Africa is of special concern...

..It is commonly assumed that sexual risk factors for heterosexual HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, such as multi-partner sex, paid sex and co-infections, become less important as HIV epidemics mature and prevalence increases...

..More than 2·3 million children died in India in 2005; however, the major causes of death have not been measured in the country. We investigated the causes of neonatal and child mortality in India and their differences by sex and region...

..We calculated regional and sex- and age-specific smoking prevalence estimates worldwide in 1995...

..Policies and programs for child survival may also need to incorporate strategies to control household tobacco and alcohol use in addition to other ongoing interventions...

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..The study objective was to assess age-specific mortality from smoking among men (since few women smoke) in urban and in rural India...

..It might be necessary to include strategies for control of tobacco and alcohol in the larger framework of poverty reduction...

..If the global community wishes to have mortality measurements 5 or 10 years hence, the foundation stones of SVR must be laid today...

..To describe a dynamic compartmental simulation model for Botswana and India, developed to identify the best strategies for preventing spread of HIV/AIDS...

..Our estimates are subject to considerable variation in actual settings; thus, local cost-effectiveness studies are required to guide local policy...

..DCP2 also examines crosscutting issues crucial to the delivery of quality health services, including the organisation, financial support, and capacity of health systems. Here, we summarise the key messages of the project...

..Expansion of peer-based condom and education programmes for sex workers remains a top priority to control HIV-1 in India...

..The blood-based pilot studies should enable large, representative and reliable genetic and biological epidemiological studies of premature mortality in the near future. ..