Russell Hull

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..CONCLUSION: There has been a relatively rapid uptake of LMW heparins and outpatient treatment for DVT in their early years of availability, but the pace of uptake has varied considerably across hospitals and countries...

..Low-molecular-weight heparin, body-weight adjusted, avoids anticoagulant monitoring and has been shown to be more effective than vitamin-K-antagonist therapy...

..We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of long-term LMWH compared with vitamin K antagonist therapy in a broad spectrum of patients with proximal vein thrombosis...

..The Patient-Tracked Symptoms questionnaire could help clinicians to recognize the PTS early, enabling them to initiate treatment promptly...

..Home-LITE compared long-term treatment at home with tinzaparin or usual care in terms of efficacy, safety, patients' treatment satisfaction, incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome, and associated venous leg ulcers...

..This systematic review examined whether long-term treatment of deep vein thrombosis using low-molecular-weight heparin, rather than oral anticoagulation, reduces development of post-thrombotic syndrome...

..Extended-duration low-molecular-weight heparin has been shown to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in high-risk surgical patients...

..Concern among surgeons about the risks for bleeding may result in suboptimal use of thrombophylaxis...

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..Further data are needed to support an evidence-based recommendation for the use of LMWH in the outpatient treatment of PE...

..The future role of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran also is reviewed...

..Tinzaparin can safely be given to patients with significant renal impairment (creatinine clearance of > or = 20 ml/min) and the dose of tinzaparin does not need to be altered in patients with a body mass index of > 25...

..Long-term use of low-molecular-weight heparin is an alternative to the use of oral anticoagulant therapy, particularly in patients with cancer or recurrent venous thromboembolism...

..This article reviews the pharmacology of warfarin sodium, the most commonly used oral anticoagulant in North America, and discusses practical aspects of the use of this agent in thrombotic disorder management...

..Although unfractionated heparin may survive as a treatment option for acute VTE, its use has been largely supplanted by LMWH...

..Based on data from the randomised clinical trials, dalteparin has been approved internationally for a wide spectrum of clinical indications...

..The validity of this objective measure is yet to be established...

..Finally, the available evidence is assessed for prophylaxis and therapy of VTE in chronic liver disease, and the role it may play in decreasing clinical decompensation and improving survival...

..These clinical advantages could translate to improved patient adherence to therapy and provide economic benefits, where LMWHs are more cost-effective compared with UFH...

..There has been concern that women may be limited to fewer major diagnostic tests than men. Whether this applies to patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has not been determined...

..There has been concern that a disproportionate use of some health services exists among races. Whether this applies to patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has not been determined...

..In this study we sought to determine trends in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in the elderly as well as the use of diagnostic tests...

..To assess whether these advances correlate with clinical practice, we analyzed 21-year trends in diagnostic testing for patients with venous thromboembolism...

..Despite extensive literature, the diagnostic role of d-dimer for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unclear, reflecting multiple d-dimer assays and concerns about differing sensitivities and variability...

..A patient-specific approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be taken safely in hemodynamically stable patients to increase efficiency and decrease cost and exposure to radiation...

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..In conclusion, although prophylaxis results in a reduction in overall mortality and fatal pulmonary embolism, vascular events continue to be a common cause of mortality...

..The accuracy of multidetector computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism has not been determined conclusively...

..Venous injuries are similarly under-reported and the true incidence is unknown. Current recommendations include repair of injuries to the major proximal veins. If repair not safe or possible, ligation should be performed...

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..Results from our large clinical trial show the efficacy and safety of a modified dalteparin regimen administered close to the time of total hip arthroplasty...

..To formulate comprehensive recommendations for the diagnostic approach to patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, based on randomized trials...

..In conclusion, the results indicate that multidetector CT pulmonary angiography and CT pulmonary angiography and CT venography may be used with various diagnostic strategies in adults of all ages and both genders...

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..Outcome studies showed recurrent PE in only 1.7% or fewer untreated patients with negative CT pulmonary angiograms...

..We assessed the in-hospital mortality of hemodynamically stable patients with PE and RV enlargement...