Research Topics
| S C CunnaneSummaryAffiliation: University of Toronto Country: Canada Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Beta-oxidation of linoleate in obese men undergoing weight lossS C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Am J Clin Nutr 73:709-14. 2001..This method can also provide quantitative information about the beta-oxidation of linoleate in humans...- Why is carbon from some polyunsaturates extensively recycled into lipid synthesis?Stephen C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E2
Lipids 38:477-84. 2003.... - Survival of the fattest: fat babies were the key to evolution of the large human brainStephen C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, M5S 3E2, Toronto, Canada
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 136:17-26. 2003..We believe that fresh- and salt-water shorelines provided a uniquely rich, abundant and accessible food supply, and the only viable environment for evolving both body fat and larger brains in human infants... - Application of new methods and analytical approaches to research on polyunsaturated fatty acid homeostasisS C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Lipids 36:975-9. 2001..Further application of these recently developed methods in different models should clarify the emerging importance of beta-oxidation and carbon recycling in PUFA homeostasis in mammals including humans... - NMR and isotope ratio mass spectrometry studies of in vivo uptake and metabolism of polyunsaturates by the developing rat brainS C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
J Mol Neurosci 16:173-80; discussion 215-21. 2001.... - Potential role of polyunsaturates in seizure protection achieved with the ketogenic dietS C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 67:131-5. 2002.... - Problems with essential fatty acids: time for a new paradigm?Stephen C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, M5S 3E2, Toronto, Canada
Prog Lipid Res 42:544-68. 2003.... - Breast-fed infants achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body docosahexaenoate accumulation than formula-fed infants not consuming dietary docosahexaenoateS C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
Lipids 35:105-11. 2000..2% of alpha-LnA intake to DHA to match the DHA accumulation of breast-fed infants. We conclude that dietary DHA should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life... - Carbon recycling into de novo lipogenesis is a major pathway in neonatal metabolism of linoleate and alpha-linolenateS C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 60:387-92. 1999.... - Utilization of carbon from dietary polyunsaturates for brain cholesterol synthesis during early postnatal development in the rat: a 13C NMR studyS S Likhodii
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Magn Reson Med 34:803-13. 1995..Comparison of 13C-13C unit arrangements in both cholesterol and desmosterol allowed carbons 26 and 27 of desmosterol to be unambiguously assigned... - Dietary fat, ketosis, and seizure resistance in rats on the ketogenic dietS S Likhodii
Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Pharmacology and Bloorview Epilepsy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Epilepsia 41:1400-10. 2000..The purpose of the present experiments was to compare the efficiency of different fats in inducing ketosis and affording seizure resistance... - Despite transient ketosis, the classic high-fat ketogenic diet induces marked changes in fatty acid metabolism in ratsAmeer Y Taha
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E2
Metabolism 54:1127-32. 2005..In the absence of sustained ketosis, changes in fatty acid metabolism resulting in an increase in brain polyunsaturates, particularly docosahexaenoic acid may, nevertheless, contribute to the seizure protection by the ketogenic diet... - Lipid and fatty acid profiles in rats consuming different high-fat ketogenic dietsC A Dell
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Lipids 36:373-8. 2001..In combination with our present data from the same seizure study, it appears that ketogenic diets with widely differing effects on tissue lipids and fatty acid profiles can confer a similar amount of seizure protection... - Breath acetone predicts plasma ketone bodies in children with epilepsy on a ketogenic dietKathy Musa-Veloso
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Nutrition 22:1-8. 2006.... - Metabolic and health implications of moderate ketosis and the ketogenic dietS C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, ON MSS 3E2
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 70:233-4. 2004 - Markedly raised intake of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in rats on a high-fat ketogenic diet does not inhibit carbon recycling of 13C-alpha-linolenateAmeer Y Taha
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
Lipids 41:933-5. 2006..05). We conclude that carbon recycling into saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids persists when the main end products of ALA recycling are provided in excess, using a ketogenic diet... - Dietary 18:3omega3 influences immune function and the tissue fatty acid response to antigens and adjuvantRichard P Bazinet
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada
Immunol Lett 95:85-90. 2004..Thus, a high 18:3omega3 intake in pigs modulates immune function and tissue fatty acids in response to immunization... - A comparison of the metabolism of eighteen-carbon 13C-unsaturated fatty acids in healthy womenU McCloy
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
J Lipid Res 45:474-85. 2004..Conversion of [(13)C]linoleate and [(13)C]alpha-linolenate to longer chain polyunsaturates was a quantitatively minor route of utilization... - Intramuscular injection of antigens and adjuvant preferentially decreases 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in pig neck muscleRichard P Bazinet
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
Lipids 38:1221-6. 2003..It appears that 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 are preferentially metabolized (possibly beta-oxidized) in response to antigens... - Breath acetone is a reliable indicator of ketosis in adults consuming ketogenic mealsKathy Musa-Veloso
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Am J Clin Nutr 76:65-70. 2002..To understand how ketosis and seizure protection are related, a reliable, noninvasive measure of ketosis that can be performed frequently with minimal discomfort is needed... - Breath acetone as a measure of systemic ketosis assessed in a rat model of the ketogenic dietSergei S Likhodii
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8 Canada
Clin Chem 48:115-20. 2002.... - Whole-body utilization of n-3 PUFA in n-6 PUFA-deficient ratsRichard P Bazinet
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario MS 3E2, Canada
Lipids 38:187-9. 2003..Despite adequate 18:3n-3 intake, n-6 PUFA deficiency decreased the accumulation of 18:3n-3 and total n-3 PUFA... - Whole-body beta-oxidation of 18:2omega6 and 18:3omega3 in the pig varies markedly with weaning strategy and dietary 18:3omega3Richard P Bazinet
Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Lipid Res 44:314-9. 2003..The high 18:3omega3 diet decreased the whole-body oxidation of 18:2omega6 by 73% and of 18:3omega3 by 63% in NSW pigs. We conclude that moderately cleaner housing SEW significantly decreases 18:2omega6 and 18:3omega3 oxidation in pigs... 
Fish-oil supplementation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a meta-analysisDavid J A Jenkins
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, St Michael s Hospital, Toronto, Ont
CMAJ 178:157-64. 2008....- Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and womenDavid J A Jenkins
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Am J Clin Nutr 76:365-72. 2002..Many of the benefits of soy have been attributed to soy isoflavones... - The conditional nature of the dietary need for polyunsaturates: a proposal to reclassify 'essential fatty acids' as 'conditionally-indispensable' or 'conditionally-dispensable' fatty acidsS C Cunnane
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Br J Nutr 84:803-12. 2000.... - Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases the n-3 PUFA content of sow's milk and the tissues of the suckling pigletRichard P Bazinet
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
Lipids 38:1045-9. 2003..A high 18:3n-3 intake in the sow increases not only the 18:3n-3 but also the 22:6n-3 content of sow's milk and the tissues of the suckling piglet... - Effect of psyllium in hypercholesterolemia at two monounsaturated fatty acid intakesD J Jenkins
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, J Alick Little Core Lipid Laboratory, St Michael s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Am J Clin Nutr 65:1524-33. 1997..We conclude that psyllium lowered LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations similarly at both MUFA intakes. However, there may be some advantage in combining soluble fiber and MUFA to reduce the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol... - Heterogeneity in randomized controlled trials of long chain (fish) omega-3 fatty acids in restenosis, secondary prevention and ventricular arrhythmiasDavid J A Jenkins
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Am Coll Nutr 27:367-78. 2008..Due to significant heterogeneity in the response to fish oils, further studies are required before making widespread recommendations for all groups to increase consumption of fish and fish oil... - Lovastatin exacerbates atypical absence seizures with only minimal effects on brain sterolsIrina Serbanescu
Division of Neurology, Brain and Behavior Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Lipid Res 45:2038-43. 2004..Either lovastatin has a different mechanism of action than these late-stage cholesterol inhibitors or the brain sterol changes are not directly responsible for seizures in this model... - Brain sterols in the AY-9944 rat model of atypical absence seizuresMiguel A Cortez
Division of Neurology, The Brain and Behavior Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Epilepsia 43:3-8. 2002..Hence, there appears to be a critical developmental window during which the AY must be given but after which the AY-induced change in brain sterols is no longer essential to sustaining the seizures... - Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplementsMélanie Plourde
Research Center on Aging, Departments of Medicine, and Physiology and Biophysics, Universite de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere St, South, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32:619-34. 2007..Despite this inefficient conversion, there are potential roles in human health for ALA and EPA that could be independent of their metabolism to DHA through the desaturation - chain elongation pathway... - Suckling rats actively recycle carbon from alpha-linolenate into newly synthesized lipids even during extreme dietary deficiency of n-3 polyunsaturatesStephen C Cunnane
Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University Geriatric Institute, Quebec, Canada
Pediatr Res 59:107-10. 2006..8-fold more in the brain. We conclude that carbon recycling is an integral part of neonatal metabolism of alpha-linolenate and is not simply an overflow pathway arising from excess availability of preformed docosahexaenoate... - alpha-Linolenic acid and fish oil n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease riskEddie Vos
Am J Clin Nutr 85:920-1; author reply 921-2. 2007 - Docosahexaenoic acid and shore-based diets in hominin encephalization: a rebuttalStephen C Cunnane
Research Center on Aging, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Am J Hum Biol 19:578-81. 2007..Hence, we reject Carlson and Kingston's position and reiterate support for the concept that access to shore-based diets containing docosahexaenoic acid was necessary for hominin encephalization beyond the level seen in the great apes... - Claims to identify detrimental effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) on cognitive function in ratsStephen C Cunnane
Pediatr Res 56:663-4; author reply 664. 2004 - Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ketogenesis: an emerging connectionStephen C Cunnane
Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University Geriatric Institute, Sherbrooke QC, Canada J1H 4C4
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 70:237-41. 2004..Both the molecular controls on these pathways and their clinical significance still need elucidation... - Brain-specific lipids from marine, lacustrine, or terrestrial food resources: potential impact on early African Homo sapiensC Leigh Broadhurst
US Department of Agriculture, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 131:653-73. 2002.... - Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits: serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trialDavid J A Jenkins
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael sHospital, Toronto
Am J Clin Nutr 75:834-9. 2002..The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved health claims for 2 dietary fibers, beta-glucan (0.75 g/serving) and psyllium (1.78 g/serving), on the assumption that 4 servings/d would reduce cardiovascular disease risk... - Origins and evolution of the Western diet: implications of iodine and seafood intakes for the human brainStephen C Cunnane
Am J Clin Nutr 82:483; author reply 483-4. 2005 
Conjugated linoleic acids: why the discrepancy between animal and human studies?Mélanie Plourde
Research Center on Aging and Departments of Medicine, and Physiology and Biophysics, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Nutr Rev 66:415-21. 2008..The relatively unknown metabolic fate of CLA in humans may also be a contributing factor that helps explain the lack of consistency for CLA efficacy across studies...- Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk factors: results from a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trialLeAnne T Bloedon
Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
J Am Coll Nutr 27:65-74. 2008..We studied the effects of flaxseed on markers of cardiovascular risk in hypercholesterolemic adults... - [11C] acetoacetate utilization by breast and prostate tumors: a PET and biodistribution study in miceSimon Authier
Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1H 5N4
Mol Imaging Biol 10:217-23. 2008..Our objective was to evaluate [11C]acetoacetate as a potential tracer of ketone body utilization by breast and prostate tumors and to compare it with [11C]acetate... - Flaxseed on cardiovascular disease markers in healthy menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialSylvie Dodin
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Center, St François d Assise Hospital CHUQ, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
Nutrition 24:23-30. 2008..The present study evaluated the effect of flaxseed on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy menopausal women... - Alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, coronary artery disease, and overall mortalityEddie Vos
Am J Clin Nutr 77:521-2. 2003 - Automated synthesis of 11C-acetoacetic acid, a key alternate brain fuel to glucoseSebastien Tremblay
Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University Geriatric Institute, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 4C4
Appl Radiat Isot 65:934-40. 2007..HPLC analysis showed < or =3% impurities while residual THF (< or =200 ppm) and ethanol (< or =500 ppm) were well under the tolerable limits for human studies... - Biosynthetic production of universally (13)C-labelled polyunsaturated fatty acids as reference materials for natural health product researchPhuong Mai Le
Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Building M 12, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
Anal Bioanal Chem 389:241-9. 2007..Finally, U-(13)C-DHA was enzymatically re-esterified to glycerol to yield a (13)C-labelled tridocosahexaenoin... - Docosahexaenoic acid and human brain evolution: missing the forest for the trees--comments by CunnaneStephen C Cunnane
Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, , QC, Canada
Br J Nutr 97:1021-2; discussion 1025. 2007 - Effects of a diet high in plant sterols, vegetable proteins, and viscous fibers (dietary portfolio) on circulating sterol levels and red cell fragility in hypercholesterolemic subjectsPeter J Jones
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, ,
Lipids 40:169-74. 2005..We conclude that plant sterols had a minimal impact on serum sterol concentrations or red cell fragility in hyperlipidemic subjects on diets that greatly reduced their serum lipids... - Omega-3 fatty acids, energy substrates, and brain function during agingErika Freemantle
Research Centre on Aging, 1036 Belvedere Street South, , Sherbrooke, Qu, Canada J1H 4C4
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 75:213-20. 2006..Hence, it may be time to consider whether the main omega-3 fatty acids have distinct but complementary roles in brain function... - [Survival of the fattest: the key to human brain evolution]Stephen C Cunnane
Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Departement de Medecine, physiologie et biophysiques, Faculté de médecine et sciences de la santé, Universite de Sherbrooke, 1036, Belvedere sud, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 4C4, Canada
Med Sci (Paris) 22:659-63. 2006..Hence, survival of the fattest (babies) was the key to human brain evolution... - Comparison of composition and absorption of sugarcane policosanolsChristopher P F Marinangeli
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada
Br J Nutr 97:381-8. 2007..05) than hamsters receiving APC1. If the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of PC mixtures is dependent on their purity and composition, then sugarcane-derived APC products should possess similar therapeutic properties as the OPC supplement...