Angelo Tremblay

..Calcium/dairy supplementation promotes fecal fat loss and fat oxidation. Calcium/dairy supplementation favors a decrease in energy intake and a facilitation of appetite control in obese individuals during weight loss...

..Taken together, these observations suggest that weight loss is more than ever a search for compromise between its metabolic benefits and its allostatic effects promoting body weight regain...

..In summary, the Quebec experience reveals that childhood obesity is a complex problem that partly results from unsuspected environmental factors that deserve creative solutions to at least partly compensate for their effect...

..In this context, visceral obesity treatment should focus on stress management and weight loss strategies in order to stop this vicious circle...

..Overall, the intake of low-fat dairy products is a feature of a healthy dietary pattern which has been shown to contribute to a significant extent to the prevention of IRS...

..This is problematic for obesity prevention in the future since knowledge-based work now represents the main working modality in a context of modernity...

..Furthermore, they also suggest that body fat gain is not only a problem, but also a solution in maintaining body homeostasis, i.e., a state of optimal body functionality, in the context of modernity and globalization...

....

..Further research will, however, be necessary to characterize the lifestyle factors promoting fat accumulation, over time, among genetically susceptible individuals...

..Thus, the aim of this study was to study the impact of TPM on food preferences, measures of satiety, food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and 24-h energy expenditure...

....

..In conclusion, these results show that adaptive reduction in thermogenesis may contribute to the occurrence of resistance to lose fat in obese men subjected to a weight-reducing programme...

..Under free-living conditions, the combination of vigorous activity and healthy food practices can amount to a substantial weight loss which is comparable with that of other non-surgical approaches to treat obesity...

..To verify whether a physical activity-low-fat diet follow-up could normalize the metabolic risk profile of reduced-obese men and women having undergone considerable weight loss through energy restriction and drug therapy...

..The impact of physical exercise on macronutrient preferences was examined with a perspective to improve preventive and therapeutic strategies of obesity...

....

..To investigate the relationships between fitness and components of the metabolic syndrome in sedentary men...

..Poor long-term success observed with current weight-control strategies stresses the relevance to explore new weight management approaches...

..The aim of this study was to further evaluate the validity and clinical meaningfulness of appetite sensations to predict overall energy intake as well as body weight loss...

....

..However, lower body weight and fat were more detectable in male than in female vitamin and/or dietary supplements consumers...

..An approach considering the combination of age, obesity and glucose metabolism factors could be helpful in the global cardiovascular risk management in abdominally obese men...

..It has been suggested that overweight and obese individuals with an adequate level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), the so-called fat and fit, are at reduced risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus...

....

..As disinhibition has previously been associated with a greater risk of subsequent weight gain, interventions aimed at preventing an increase in disinhibition may be promising for long-term weight maintenance...

..Furthermore, the reduction in VAT was independently related to the reduction in global adiposity and to the improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness...

....

..Individuals with high visceral adipose tissue levels have higher blood pressure, independent of their fitness. Visceral adipose tissue may represent an important clinical target in the management of elevated blood pressure...

..020) and strategic (r=-0.28, p=0.049) restraint behaviors. This study highlights a gender-dependent relationship between ACR, hence the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and eating behaviors and psychological profiles...

..Our results suggest a possible role of insulin resistance in the modulation of the postprandial inflammatory response, which could, in turn, contribute to worsen the state of insulin resistance...

..Both excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels are associated with a deteriorated cardiometabolic risk profile...

..These finding suggest that weight status in men influences cortisol reactivity to a psychological stress and the different responses seen among genders could be linked to the different fat distributions that characterize men and women...

..We have examined the effects of a 1-year lifestyle modification program on plasma apoB levels in viscerally obese men and compared post-intervention levels to those of a reference group of lean healthy men...

..Little is known about the genes influencing dietary energy and nutrient intakes, despite evidence that these intakes are influenced by genetic factors...

..We propose that this change in lipid intake could be influenced by a calcium-specific appetite control...

..6-mm decrease in fullness per kg fat loss. This quantified relationship could serve as a reference point to evaluate the satiating efficiency of functional foods when they are combined with a weight-reducing program...

..61450 C>A (p=0.038) and 4.9kg (vs 2.5kg in non-carriers) in C-allele carriers of c. 8473 A>C (p=0.013). The results suggest a role for the GAD2 gene in determining food intake, eating behaviors and weight gain over time in women...

..Excess visceral adiposity and sleep apnoea are two conditions independently associated with cardiovascular diseases. The two conditions are often combined and are believed to interact in a vicious circle...

..To further document the impact of knowledge-based work (KBW) on spontaneous energy intake and glucose homeostasis...

..We examined the obesity phenotype most strongly associated with increased plasma concentrations of sTNFR2, and compared which of the two markers, TNF-alpha or sTNFR2, better predicts indices of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis...

..05). Individuals with a higher waist circumference have elevated exercise systolic blood pressure, regardless of their insulin sensitivity or level of cardiorespiratory fitness...

..They also indicate that the four factors, which have the best predictive potential of variations in BMI, be it in a cross-sectional or a longitudinal analytical design, do not have a "caloric value" per se...

..Although most of the lifestyle factors and health measures examined are similar across groups and genders, some differences call for the development of health-promotion programs with specific targeting strategies...

....

..The objective of this study was to compare changes in body composition and the metabolic profile between women taking an intermittent diet (ID) and women taking a continuous diet (CD)...

..The purpose of this study was to estimate the degree of familial resemblance in eating behavioral traits (cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition, and susceptibility to hunger)...

..Adequate calcium intake can have a favorable effect on some metabolic variables...

..However, the study did not show a between-group difference in the change in ghrelin concentration in response to the intervention. These results show that milk supplementation attenuates the orexigenic effect of body weight loss...

..To investigate the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent body weight and fat gain...

....

....

..Taken together, these data emphasize the relevance of caution and reasonable objectives when prescribing a weight reduction program to obese individuals...

....

..Thus, assessment of appetite sensation such as fullness in response to a fixed load may be useful to evaluate individual overall energy intake...

..To explore cross-sectional associations between short sleep duration and variations in body fat indices and leptin levels during adulthood in a sample of men and women involved in the Québec Family Study...

..This study examined the relationships of two inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, to visceral adiposity and indices of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis...

....

..Second generation antipsychotics (SGA) induce substantial weight gain but the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain speculative...

..Organochlorine concentrations, however, were correlated with age (BMI-adjusted R(2)=0.46; p<0.001). At steady state body weight, toxic pollutant concentrations are not associated to obesity but strongly correlate with age...

..002) blood pressure. In summary, results of this study suggest that the fatty acid content of TG is associated with many metabolic variables of the insulin resistance syndrome independently of body fat mass or visceral AT accumulation...

..However, prospective studies with a larger sample are needed to confirm and deepen these results...

..Future research will have to determine if: 1) this pollutant concentration remains elevated over time and 2) there are long-term effects of this high concentration on health...

..There are concerns that fat-free mass decrease could have some negative functional consequences. The aim of this study was to examine how weight loss affects strength and force control in obese and morbidly obese men...

..Furthermore, adiponectin predicts glucose tolerance and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in a manner that is partly independent from the contribution of visceral adiposity...

..Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine cross-sectional associations between short sleep duration and variations in body fat indices in older women...

..To assess the effects of a "Health-At-Every-Size" (HAES) intervention on eating behaviors and appetite ratings in 144 premenopausal overweight women...

..0001). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that despite their large accumulation of adipose tissue, most of the severely obese women had a metabolic profile less deteriorated than expected, when compared to moderately obese women...

..It thus suggests that other factors beside negative affect can contribute to eating and psychological impairment among overweight/obese women...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results show that changes in the consumption of some specific food groups are associated with body-weight changes. Such specific eating patterns could help to improve obesity treatment and prevention...

..The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 16-week walking program on eating behaviors and QoL between late premenopausal and early postmenopausal obese and sedentary women, once chronological aging is taken into account...

..This variation has been attributed to psychological and behavioral factors, although biological differences may also play a role...

..In the absence of regular physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly predicted by the potential for aerobic metabolism of skeletal muscle and negatively correlated with abdominal fat deposition...

..To clarify the relationship between the amount of mid-thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and glucose tolerance in men and women...

..The main finding of the study was the increase in 24 h energy expenditure with the EGCG-caffeine mixtures. However, this increase was similar with all doses of EGCG in the mixtures...

..To examine the long-term relationship between sleep duration and type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)...

..Further studies are needed to verify whether these findings are causally related...

....

..This study examined the effect of this mutation on lipoprotein levels in viscerally obese hyperinsulinemic condition...

....

..The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between sleep duration and type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)...

....

..To determine whether the age-related decrease in resting energy expenditure (REE) is explained by variations in body composition...

....

..In conclusion, small HDL particle size appears to represent another feature of the high TG- low HDL cholesterol dyslipidemia found in viscerally obese subjects characterized by hyperinsulinemia...

....

..We investigated if a progressive supervised sibutramine--diet--exercise clinical intervention could increase the body weight loss previously reported while minimizing the potential cardiostimulatory effects of this drug...

..In conclusion, organochlorines released in plasma during weight loss are associated with the documented decrease in serum T(3) concentration and RMR. Further studies are needed to verify whether these findings are causally related...

..These notions lend support for weight-loss strategies favouring a moderate weight loss, which would reduce risks for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension, without resulting in a substantial release of organochlorines...

..It was hypothesised that participants with early life malnutrition would display a more pronounced deterioration of insulin sensitivity in association with a gain in abdominal fat...

..These observations support the idea that the body weight set point may fluctuate according to the actual impact of factors influencing fat balance...

..Study design. Cross-sectional study...

....

..Most studies that involved nonobese subjects showed enhanced insulin sensitivity whereas studies involving obese subjects with type 2 diabetes are inconsistent because of concomitant fat loss...

..33 < r < 0.33, NS). These results suggest that the weight loss-induced increase in plasma pollutant levels is likely to be associated with reduced skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism in men but not in women...

..This also raises the possibility that KBW adds a new component to sedentariness that might further accentuate the positive energy balance that is more likely to occur when one is inactive...

..Recent data suggest that variations in calcium intake may influence lipid metabolism and body composition...

....

..To investigate the effect of weight loss on balance control in obese and morbid obese men...

..74, P < 0.05) and a similar negative trend with SMR (r = -0.65, P = 0.08). These preliminary data suggest that a nocturnal hypoxia may influence adaptive thermogenesis in apneic patients and complicate their body weight regulation...

..The above-summarized preclinical and clinical data clearly suggest the interest of studying this compounds in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings and, most importantly, for the prevention of breast and uterine cancer...

..However, the present study was a short-term intervention and additional trials are clearly needed to document the long-term efficacy of this dietary approach with regard to compliance and effects on the metabolic risk profile...