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..e., delusions and hallucinations...

..Dysfunctions in cholinergic systems, especially in the prefrontal cortex, have been identified in SZ, suggesting that cholinesterase inhibitors may be effective in treating cognitive deficits in this disease...

..Furthermore, these changes in neuronal activity correlated with changes in some metabolites and cognitive measurements related to appetite regulation...

..To investigate which cognitive and affective features contribute most to responder/non-responder group separation during a switching trial with atypical antipsychotic...

..The only tendency that has been reproduced in several studies concerns the increased risk associated with dibenzodiazepine antipsychotics (clozapine and olanzapine), compared with the other antipsychotics...

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..Some clinical trials have used add-on therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) to test the cognitive enhancement effect of this kind of medication, which is usually prescribed for other indications than schizophrenia...

..Memory deficits might account for clinical and adaptive differences between groups of patients with chronic schizophrenia. We investigated the qualitative factors of memory that influence clinical and social status...

..If this patient would have died suddenly without the laboratory investigations that lead to the diagnosis of myeloblastic leukemia, the cause would have been probably and wrongfully allotted to treatment with olanzapine...

..This study investigated the long-term effects of bilateral prefrontal leukotomy on lexical abilities in schizophrenia subjects...

..We aimed to further investigate this by examining the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activation in response to the passive viewing of sad film excerpts...

..We hypothesized that, although patients suffering from SA share symptoms with SZ, they can be differentiated on the basis of neurocognitive function and that SA perform better in several domains...

..In light of the advent of new technologies, we proposed to reexamine certain challenges posed by cognitive remediation and social reintegration (that is, deinstitutionalization) of patients with severe and persistent mental disorders...

..Further meta-analysis of various clinical trials in this field is required to account for matters on the grounds of evidence-based medicine...

..After switching to olanzapine, there was a statistically significant improvement of cognitive function in the 3 main domains tested and no significant worsening of any memory or executive function measure...

..e., passive withdrawal, emotional withdrawal, social avoidance) in schizophrenia...

..However, these differences did not remain significant at endpoint, suggesting that there was no overall difference between the strategies...

..The aim of the study was to look at the effect of lithium in normal subjects (N=30) taking lithium for 3 weeks. A comprehensive battery was used to assess attention and memory...

..To assess if the lithium dosage prescribed according to the Pepin method leads to therapeutic serum concentrations of lithium...

..Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic that has been found to improve positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia with a favorable adverse-effect profile...

..Each psychiatrist must continue to be critical, sceptical, optimistic (not overoptimistic) and to learn in order to integrate the positive aspects of our growing knowledge base...

..It is evident that the creation of a boundary is always possible by using arbitrary criteria that improve interrater reliability but exclude a considerable number of people who share multiple common features with diagnosed people...

..Finally, the patient characteristics that define a patient's response to a specific antipsychotic drug are unknown...

..001). Results suggest that increased GMD in some frontal regions are associated with an improvement of negative symptoms. Although not unique to quetiapine, it would be reasonable to attribute the GMD changes in the study to treatment...

..Among atypical antipsychotics, ziprasidone exhibits a unique clinical profile. However, prescription rates for this medication remain among the lowest of all atypical antipsychotics...

..In retrospect, this result is not surprising because patients did not experience internally generated AVHs while in the scanner, but instead were exposed exclusively to externally generated stimuli...

..In this study, we have investigated the relationships between different aspects of positive symptomatology and several executive subprocesses...

..This could be due to genetic or other endogenous causes, which affected prefrontal cortex MN involved in emotional resonance...

..Regarding cognition, the prevailing literature has produced mixed results. Some groups have reported greater cognitive impairments in dual diagnosis schizophrenia, while other groups have described the reverse...

..More specifically, this study attempted to verify the hypothesis that functional limitations in the performance of daily activities negatively affect community functioning in people with schizophrenia...

..Results support the idea that an important part of the impairments seen in schizophrenia is present before the introduction of neuroleptic medication and chronic illness...

..Subsequent observations have confirmed its ineffectiveness in schizophrenia. Few studies have addressed its long-term consequences...

..The fact that measures of REM sleep correlate with clinical scales of schizophrenia suggests that REM sleep physiology shares common substrates with symptoms of this disease...

..These results support the existence of a relationship between non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and cognitive performance in healthy individuals as well as in persons with schizophrenia...

..We hypothesized that patients with a history of substance use would have increased cerebral activations in response to aversive stimuli when compared to abstinent patients...

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..Analyses of variance were conducted on both groups and showed that schizophrenia patients with a comorbid substance use disorder (especially cocaine) displayed more EPS compared with non-abusing patients...

..They also reveal good concordance between cognitive impairments experienced by patients and cognitive disorders assessed by a clinical rater...

..Validation of the SSTICS needs to be completed through further exploration of the factorial structure and testing of the English version...

..A number of functional brain abnormalities have been reported in schizophrenia, but it remains to be determined which of them represent trait and state markers of the illness...

..The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cerebral activations during exposure to emotional material and schizophrenia symptoms in men versus women...

..Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has proven to be effective in treating cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of CRT on psychotic symptoms and cognitive complaints...

..New approaches in neuropsychiatry-based on genetic methodologies should further define the cerebral physiology responsible for schizophrenia...

..Our findings are congruent with a probable cortical motor over-activation hypothesis of GTS involving faster motor program selection in processing conflicting SR configuration...

..It is concluded that previous mixed results obtained with cognitive evaluations of persons with Sz+SUD might reflect the heterogeneity of participants and that subgroups of patients might be defined on the basis of intermediate factors...

..The discrepancy between our findings and results obtained in previous studies on GTS could reflect the modulating effect of OCS on late ERP components...

..Further studies are warranted to dissociate the causes and consequences of substance abuse in schizophrenia...

..The evidence-based medicine approach could be considered a new name given to the contemporary medicine dialectics between the practice of an art and the insight provided by the best scientific data...

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..Preliminary experimental studies have shown diminished pain sensitivity in schizophrenia patients. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of excitatory and inhibitory systems on pain perception in schizophrenia...

..Some clinical trials have used acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) add-on therapy to test the cognitive-enhancing effects of these kinds of medication, which is usually prescribed for indications other than schizophrenia...

..In this study, quetiapine was compared with lithium in the augmentation of treatment-resistant depression...

..Lastly, baseline anandamide predicted endpoint SUD scores (alcohol/ cannabis). Anandamide is a potential target for medications aimed at relieving SUD in schizophrenia...

..The aim of this study was to assess ToM ability using both a classical task and a referential communication task that reproduces a ''natural'' conversation situation...

..The discussion emphasizes the prognostic implications of OCS in schizophrenia and available therapies for this comorbidity...

..Our results suggest either that substance abuse relieves the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia or that the patients with less cognitive deficits are more prone to substance abuse...

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..The current study compares the efficacy of CBT in combination with medication and without medication...

..These results may reflect that these OCSs have a protective effect against disorganization and psychotic symptoms respectively...

..These results have methodological implications for future studies of depressive symptoms in dual-diagnosis patients, and potential implications for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia...

..These results suggest that the temperamental profile of schizophrenia patients may well be of important prognostic value in the planning of cognitive enhancement therapy...

..Generally, this study showed that the beneficial effect of rivastigmine on memory is not unitary but rather comes from its action at different time points within information processing cascade...

..Cognitive-behavioural treatment selectively improved motor performance in both clinical groups compared to waitlist control, and this improvement related to clinical outcome measures...

..These results indicate that the influence of sex on the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is not homogenous across the information-processing cascade...

..This current study aimed to assess patients with DD who received CBT, compared with an attention placebo control (APC) group...

..The aim of the present study was to explore this phenomenon during exposure to aversive stimuli...

..Still, it is not clear whether neuropsychological performances are affected to the same degree in adults with TS and CTD...

..Quetiapine shares crucial pharmacological properties with clozapine. Promising results have been described with quetiapine therapy in patients with psychosis and substance use disorder...

..Severity of daily hassles, the coping strategy of changing the situation, level of education and life-time hospitalization length were also related to QOL...

..Unique BOLD changes in the putamen and DLPFC with quetiapine, in the BA+ postquetiapine, may reflect modality-specific effects. Controlled studies are needed to further assess these preliminary findings...

..A clear approach concerning the usage of CANTAB for the appraisal of neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is currently lacking...

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..In summary, the present study examines the strategy of investigating variables, such as temperamental characteristics, in addition to symptoms, to show how discrete impairments may contribute to the expression of the illness...

..Our data further suggested that these associations may be best understood in terms of interactions between various processing biases alluded in the most recent cognitive accounts of schizophrenia symptoms...

..The results also suggest that functional changes related to some symptoms dimensions occur to compensate for the dysfunction associated with other symptoms...

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..The findings suggest that the outstanding episodic memory presented by some savant persons with autism might be related to an abnormally high resistance to interference...

..One potential confounding factor for this discrepancy lies in the diverse scales used to evaluate the negative symptoms. A systematic quantitative review of the literature using computerized search engines has been undertaken...

..Our experience in nine clinical settings suggests that IPT can successfully be included as part of standard medical therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia...

..Increased striatal GMD were found in patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder (n=12), but not schizophrenia only patients (n=11), compared to healthy volunteers (n=15)...

..Successful tic/habit modification was associated in CTD and HD groups with successful change in style of planning action. There were no consistent differences in any outcome measures between CTD and HD groups...

..Olanzapine is pharmacologically similar to clozapine and has a low incidence of EPS induction...

..The simultaneous use of subjective and objective measures of cognitive dysfunction may provide a more complete picture of individual rehabilitation targets in patients with schizophrenia...

..Measures of such processes could serve as key indices of disability in clinical practice. Attention and working memory training may be helpful to improve community functioning in subjects with schizophrenia...

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..The primary objective of this study was to determine whether an increase in serum lipids is associated with improvement in schizophrenia symptoms during steady state treatment with clozapine...

..These cognitive functions could be specifically targeted in a rehabilitation program aimed at enhancing functioning in those particular dimensions...

..However, this dysfunction is not severe enough to prevent learning...

..These findings are consistent with pre-attentive abnormalities in treatment-refractory patients with schizophrenia...

..The treatment of schizophrenia with multiple antipsychotic drugs is common, but the benefits and risks are not known...

..These results suggest that executive deficits in schizophrenia may specifically affect ADL and that such deficits can be quantitatively assessed with a behavioral scale of action sequences...

..Given that this cerebral structure was previously found to play a major role in procedural learning, the antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia may be determinant for the procedural learning profile of these patients...