William Pickett

..We studied cross-national epidemiologic trends over time in the occurrence of frequent physical fighting, demographic variations in reported trends, and national wealth and income inequality as correlates...

..Through the examination of common risk factors, the authors demonstrate that substantial proportions of farms in Saskatchewan, Canada, are exposed to occupational hazards that leave workers and others vulnerable to major injury...

..Impaired driving is a recognized cause of major injury. Contemporary data are lacking on exposures to impaired driving behaviours and related injury among young adolescents, as well as inequities in these youth risk behaviours...

..To estimate the strength of relationships between socioeconomic status and injury in a large Canadian farm population...

..1) To apply novel population health theory to the modelling of injury experiences in one particular research context. (2) To enhance understanding of the conditions and practices that lead to farm injury...

..Study findings will inform the content and targeting of injury prevention initiatives specific to the farm occupational environment...

..In this study, reports of physical aggression were examined in relation to social environment factors among national samples of students from Canada and the United States...

..We examined correlates of active transportation to school at both individual- (characteristics of the individual and family) and area- (school and neighborhood) levels amongst youth living within 1 mile (1.6 km) of their school...

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..However, few studies have used a multilevel analysis to determine the influence of both individual- and area-level determinants of SES on obesity, and these studies have been limited to adults...

..Here, we examine such relationships in a longitudinal analysis. Study outcomes were self-reports of: i) physical bullying victimization and perpetration and ii) relational bullying victimization and perpetration...

..This provides objective evidence about prevention priorities to be considered in anticipatory counseling and public health planning...

..The findings in turn have implications for preventive interventions...

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..These patterns of medically attended injury suggest that prevention and intervention programs could be better targeted to the needs of specific geographic populations of Canadian youth...

..The goal of this study was to identify subgroups of the farm population that are particularly vulnerable to head injury...

..Children on farms experience high risks for fall injuries. This study characterized the causes and consequences of fall injuries in this pediatric population...

..Within the broader neighbourhood, lower SES neighbourhoods had access to fewer food retailers of all types. This effect was diminished after taking population density into account...

..To examine television, computer, and video game use as possible determinants of multiple risk behaviors (MRB) among Canadian youth...

..1) To compare the prevalence of bullying and victimization among boys and girls and by age in 40 countries. (2) In 6 countries, to compare rates of direct physical, direct verbal, and indirect bullying by gender, age, and country...

..To determine whether relationships between physical activity and physical activity injuries are modified by BMI status in youth...

..To present recent overweight and obesity prevalence rates for 11-16-year-old Canadian youth and to examine associations between overweight and obesity with dietary habits and leisure-time physical activities...

..This pattern was not observed for females...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Associations between SES and adolescent injury exist; however, the direction of these relations becomes more apparent with particular indicators of SES and when homogenous injury outcomes are evaluated...

..If these findings are confirmed in other settings, clinicians providing an injury recovery prognosis may need to take into account BMI status and allow for extra recovery time for patients in this age range...

..Relationships between street connectivity and physical activity reported in this national study are in the opposite direction to those previously observed for active transportation in adult populations...

..These protocols focus on the need for acute intervention or in-hospital management. The frequency and nature of concussive symptoms experienced by patients discharged from the ED are not well understood...

..This study aimed to calculate rates of traumatic spinal cord injury for the province of Ontario and describe these injuries by several epidemiologic parameters...

..To test the association between obesity and specific types and anatomical sites of unintentional injuries in older adults...

..Adolescents with disabilities are at risk for poor health outcomes including injury. The objective of this study was to examine if disability status modifies the association between risk behavior and injury among adolescents...

..To examine the independent associations between television, computer, and video game use with physical violence in youth...

..These findings provide etiological data that confirms the practical importance of operational safety practices as components of injury control strategies on farms...

..The primary objective of this research was to test the 'relative income' hypothesis across Canadian health regions. The second objective was to extend the hypothesis to consider rural versus urban populations...

..The methodological review demonstrated the need to critically examine the completeness and accuracy of trauma registry data in arriving at decisions about priorities...

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..The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between urban/rural geographic status and being overweight or obese among Canadian adolescents...

..Little is known about whether relationships between alcohol consumption and injury vary between rural and urban adolescents...

..27 times greater relative odds of eating at food retailer (95% CI: 1.46-3.52) compared to those with no nearby food retailers. For distances greater than 1,000 m, no consistent relationships were found...

..These findings are discussed in light of the recent policy statement on agricultural injuries from the American Academy of Pediatrics...

..However, the relationship between overweight and obesity status with different forms of bullying behaviors remains unclear. The purpose of this article is to examine these relationships...

..Physicians and allied health care professionals who care for rural families could take on a proactive role in communicating the nature and magnitude of these risks...

..Urban sprawl is a potential environmental influence on youth overweight/obesity. However, little is known about the association between urban sprawl and behaviours that influence obesity such as active transportation and physical activity...

..The design of streets in neighbourhood settings may contribute positively to the health of populations through increased physical activity, but it may also have injury consequences...

..These findings suggest that interventions aiming to reduce screen time may be most effective if they consider residential location and the specific screen time behavior...

..The analysis focused on determinants of the health of young people and the role of school settings in the optimisation of health...

..There is growing interest in how the physical environment influences obesity. Few studies have considered how the food retail environment surrounding schools influences overweight in students...

..The epidemiologies of injuries among students with and without disabilities were profiled and compared...

..9 percent), while the leading anatomical location of injury was the face (294/1,527; 19.3 percent). Target patterns of injury were identified as priorities for prevention, based on injury frequency and severity...

..CONCLUSION: Adolescent lifestyles that include risk-taking behavior are strongly associated with the occurrence of psychosomatic health symptoms. Collectively, these measures are useful clinical indicators of adolescent health status...

..Future research should explore the contextual and cultural factors that influence elite athlete development in smaller towns, cities and communities...

..The purpose of this study was to: (1) analyze relationships between adiposity status and risks for weapon carrying among Canadian school children, and (2) whether this relationship was mediated by reports of bullying...

..This study describes the external causes, natures, and disposition from an emergency department of infants with injuries for a geographically distinct population in Eastern Ontario...

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..The location information was more accurate for the online database, however, when matching criteria were more conservative, there were no observed differences in error between the databases...

..We examined the prevalence of off-road ridership and off-road helmet use in different subgroups of Canadian youth in order to better understand possible inequities associated with these health risk behaviors...

..However, machinery and equipment on farms, such as older tractors, grain dryers, and vacuum pumps, can have noise levels, which may be dangerous to hearing with prolonged, unprotected exposure...

..The safety of neighborhoods and availability of parks and facilities may influence adolescent physical activity independently or interactively...

..School environments may promote or hinder physical activity in young people. The purpose of this research was to examine relationships between school recreational environments and adolescent physical activity...

..abstract:..

..Although reasons for these differences remain unclear, 3 possible explanations exist: (1) environmental differences, (2) variations in health care access, and (3) variations in health risk behaviors...

..It was hypothesized that the introduction of body-checking at younger ages would result in higher overall rates of injury to minor hockey players, with concomitant increases in neurotraumatic injuries...

..This study assessed the utilization and clinical yield of radiographs ordered to assist in the diagnosis of acute ankle injuries presenting to two emergency departments (EDs) in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, over a 7-year period...

..Concealed allocation, multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial...

..Multiple risk behavior plays an important role in the social etiology of youth injury, yet the consistency of this observation has not been examined multinationally...

..20), and 2.50 (95% CI: 1.56-4.01) times more likely to eat at a chain food retailer compared to students attending schools with no nearby chain food retailers. No associations were found between chain food retailer density and obesity...

..Existing studies are confounded by the inclusion of patients who may not have CKD by means of diagnostic criteria and by failing to account for existing cardiovascular disease...

..CONCLUSIONS: Costing information about agricultural injuries provides support for the prioritization and development of injury-control initiatives...

..Prospective cohort study...

..5% (95% confidence interval: 86.5, 96.6) and a specificity of 51.4% (44.7, 58.1). This study confirmed the importance of several risk factors for whiplash associated disorder following rear-end motor vehicle collisions...

..The martial arts have emerged as common activities in the Canadian population, yet few studies have investigated the occurrence of associated injuries on a population basis...

..Increased risks were not identified for overweight workers. Conclusions. Obese workers experienced 40-49% higher risks for occupational injury...

..We evaluated the impact of the introduction of a sexual assault/domestic violence program (SADVP) on ED flow, comprehensive patient care, and collection of forensic evidence...

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..To date, there have been no published studies of pediatric farm injuries in Western Canada...

..Traditional risk-taking behaviors (smoking and drinking) and being bullied were highly associated with the expression of violence-related behavior...

..The observed variations in risk factors suggest that interactions between behavioral and environmental factors are important to consider in studies of the etiology of pediatric farm injuries...

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..The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of three different communication technologies for collection of health outcomes from farm households...

..To date, the benefit of prehospital advanced life-support programs on trauma-related mortality and morbidity has not been established..

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..We evaluated the potential for preventing the occurrence of farm injuries among children by changing the US Federal Child Labor Laws, Hazardous Occupations Orders for Agriculture...

..A specific focus was the effectiveness of the North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks...