Elena F Verdu

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..This article focuses on lessons learned from animal models of gut dysfunction...

..These changes do not seem to occur in association with modulation of intestinal permeability...

..The results provide a mechanism by which gluten could induce gut dysfunction in patients with a genetic predisposition but without fully evolved celiac disease...

..These symptoms fluctuate over time but the basis for this is unknown. Here we examine the impact of changes in gut flora and gut inflammatory cell activity on visceral sensitivity...

..We examined whether the intestinal microbiota affects behavior and brain biochemistry in mice...

..We investigated whether the development of depression after the establishment of chronic inflammation reactivates an acute relapse of IBD and underlying pharmacologic mechanisms in mouse models...

..We investigated whether the intestinal microbiota and the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium breve NCC2950 affect intestinal barrier function and responses to intestinal injury in Nod1(-/-); Nod2(-/-) mice...

..Neuromuscular changes producing dysmotility and hyperalgesia may underlie symptom generation in functional gastrointestinal disorders. We investigated whether chronic Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis causes neuromuscular dysfunction...

..This suggests that the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate influences visceral perception...

..We hypothesized that a component of the immune system exerts an antinociceptive influence, thus enabling the gut to function in the absence of undue pain or discomfort...

..We tested whether probiotics influence persistent muscle hypercontractility in mice after recovery from infection with Trichinella spiralis and analyzed the underlying mechanisms...

..The net modulatory effect most likely reflects a combination of estrogen receptor-mediated effects and antioxidant activity and may explain, in part, conflicting results from clinical trials...

..The present study determined whether gut dysfunction in this model involves motor and sensory changes reminiscent of changes found in patients with postinfective irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) and investigated underlying mechanisms...

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..Clinical and preclinical studies have associated gastrointestinal inflammation and infection with altered behavior. We investigated whether chronic gut inflammation alters behavior and brain biochemistry and examined underlying mechanisms...

..This humanized murine model provides a mechanistic link to explain how the mucosal intolerance to a dietary protein can lead to insulitis in the presence of partial regulatory T cell deficiency...

..The identification of a counterinflammatory neural pathway would open new therapeutic avenues for treating acute exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease...

..Spontaneous hyper-activation of adaptive immunity against the intestinal microbiota, secondary to innate immune deficiency, may clarify the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory diseases where immune dysfunction is implicated...

..Studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of antigliadin serology in the diagnosis of gluten sensitivity...

..This article examines these relation-ships using immune activation and inflammation as a common pathogenic process to IBD and a subset of IBS patients...

..pylori eradication and is accompanied by increased TNF-alpha in the brain. The results support a role for altered gut-brain pathways in the maintenance of postinfective gut dysfunction...

..This hypothesis states that dysbiosis exists in at least a subset of IBS patients, as a result of infection, dietary change or drugs and contributes to gut inflammatory and functional change in addition to psychiatric co-morbidity...

..These results provide evidence for a critical role of MCP-1 in the development of colonic inflammation in this model in the context of immune and enteric endocrine cells...

..A better understanding of how gluten can cause symptoms in sensitive individuals will illuminate the interaction between host genotype, diet, and intestinal microbiota in generating one of the most common GI conditions...

..Large, well-designed, controlled clinical trials using specific probiotics are warranted...

..This chapter concentrates on the experimental evidence for a role of intestinal microbiota and the potential therapeutic value of probiotics in functional diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome...

..1(+) cells correlated with a localized disruption of IL-17 in the colon. These data suggest a relationship between the gut ecosystem and the innate mucosal immune system, which may be linked via IL-15 and NK1.1(+) cells...

..The aim of this study was to investigate whether intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by indomethacin treatment affects the host response to intestinal microbiota in gluten-sensitized HLA-DQ8/HCD4 mice...

..These results clearly show a beneficial role of local treatment with helminth antigens for experimental colitis and prompt consideration of helminth antigen-based therapy for IBD instead of infection with live parasites...

..We investigated the fibrotic potential of MCP-1 in the gut by overexpressing this chemokine in the mouse colorectal wall...

..Our data clearly suggest that type I IFN receptor signalling is essential for NK cell activation in response to genital HSV-2 infection, and propose that NK cell activation by IL-15 may involve type I IFNs...

..Our report offers an insight into the profile of hydrogen sulfide synthesis during inflammation and highlight opportunities raised by the development of novel fluorescent hydrogen sulfide probes...

..A better understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in maintaining a functional intestinal barrier may help develop targeted strategies to prevent and treat disease...

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..The present case findings suggest that CD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent IBS-like symptoms after an episode of infectious gastroenteritis...