Edward J Mills

..The international community must resolve this protracted crisis...

..We systematically reviewed the literature to determine patient-reported barriers and facilitators to adhering to antiretroviral therapy...

..Little is known about the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa...

..Chronic low back pain represents a substantial cost to employers through benefits coverage and days missed due to incapacity. We sought to explore the effectiveness of Naturopathic care on chronic low back pain...

..HIV/AIDS has historically had a sex and gender-focused approach to prevention and care. Some evidence suggests that HIV-positive men have worse treatment outcomes than their women counterparts in Africa...

....

..Concerns about incomplete adherence among patients living in poverty have been an important consideration in expanding the access to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa...

..Emerging guidelines from United Nations bodies now support the expansion of cART in settings of conflict...

..This study sought to explore the effectiveness of naturopathic care on anxiety symptoms using a randomized trial...

..We examined whether initial CD4 cell count maintains a strong prognostic value among patients with at least 6 months follow-up after the initiation of ART...

..4). Population levels predicted military prevalence rates (P < or = 0.001). HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in most African militaries are significantly elevated compared to their host communities...

....

..Funders have been reticent to recommend earlier initiation of treatment. We aimed to examine the effect of baseline CD4 cell count on mortality using data from HIV patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Uganda...

..To estimate the lost investment of domestically educated doctors migrating from sub-Saharan African countries to Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States...

..Although crossover trials enjoy wide use, standards for analysis and reporting have not been established. We reviewed methodological aspects and quality of reporting in a representative sample of published crossover trials...

..International pressure is needed to prevent human rights violations and reduce potential long-term physical and mental health effects associated with this dangerous crossing...

..There is widespread interest in whether intensive dosing of statins yields larger treatment effects. We aimed to determine if intensive dosing is clinically important using a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs)...

..New treatment options may provide improved progression-free survival (PFS). We aimed to determine the relative effectiveness of new therapies in this field...

..This review compared the effect of high-dose nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and combinations of NRT for increasing smoking abstinence rates compared to standard-dose NRT patch, varenicline, and bupropion on smoking abstinence...

..This article uses the existing Users' Guides format to address study validity, interpretation of results, and application to a patient scenario...

..We aimed to determine whether cancer mortality also is reduced by low-dose aspirin in the shorter term...

....

..We discuss here the study design and methods, often used for evaluation of complementary and adjunctive treatments for health maintenance in HIV infection, which are common interventions...

..This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in primary prevention of cardiovascular events...

..We examine the complexity of monitoring HIV/AIDS in conflict settings. We argue that increased efforts are needed to protect vulnerable populations and design health-delivery systems that are sustainable in settings of conflict...

..Anti-illicit-drug public-service announcements (PSAs) have become a cornerstone of drug policy in the USA. However, studies of the effectiveness of these interventions have not been subjected to a systematic evaluation...

..We conclude that MTC meta-analysis is a useful tool in the context of comparative effectiveness and requires further study, as its utility and transparency will likely predict its uptake by the research and clinical community...

..Therapeutic guidelines should consider reassessment of this issue...

..Treatment guidelines vary on optimal treatment strategies. We aimed to determine the effects of different antifungal therapies on global response rates, mortality and safety...

..Enrolling participants onto clinical trials of cancer presents an important challenge. We aimed to identify the concerns of patients with cancer about, and the barriers to, participation in clinical trials...

..The Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) are recommendations for improving the quality of reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)...

..We aimed to determine if this design would permit inferences regarding disease modification in a trial evaluating Pegaptanib sodium, an intra-ocular injection, for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration...

..Confirming the efficacy and safety of melatonin in cancer treatment will require completion of blinded, independently conducted RCTs...

..Considering patient values and the implications of these studies, further research is urgently required to determine the extent of interactions with other commonly used NHPs...

..To determine the methodological quality of clinical trials that examined possible interactions of St John's wort with conventional drugs, and to examine the results of these trials...

..Initiating policies to provide herbal medicines with antiretroviral agents may put patients at risk of treatment failure, viral resistance or drug toxicity...

..To determine whether ingestion of milk thistle affects the pharmacokinetics of indinavir...

..Efforts should also be directed at evaluating the possible benefits of natural products in HIV/AIDS treatment...

..We aimed to determine if specialist journals implement specific Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommendations to the same extent as general medical journals...

..Vis à vis CAM's popularity, the paucity of clinical trials and their low methodological quality are concerning...

..With the exception of St. John wort, clinicians and the public do not have information that permits strong inferences about interactions between NHPs and conventional medications...

....

..The findings of this study should aid drug trialists in developing strategies to maximise participation and cooperation in HIV clinical drug trials while adequately informing and protecting prospective participants...

..We investigated serodiscordance in stable relationships to establish the gender balance of index-case infections...

..While indirect methods have grown in popularity and acceptance, little is known about the fragility of confidence interval estimations and hypothesis testing relying on this method...

....

..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for commonly used herbs during pregnancy and lactation...

..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for herbs commonly used during pregnancy and lactation...

..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for commonly used herbs during pregnancy and lactation...

..Data comprise demographic, behavioural and clinical variables. Collaborations and enquiries relating to the MUg observational cohort are encouraged, and can be addressed to Dr Edward Mills at edward.mills@uottowa.ca...

..This trial investigates the use of motivational mobile phone text messages (SMS) to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) over six months...

....

..We discuss here the prerequisites and methods of applying additivity assumptions in synthesizing the evidence from randomized trials and multiple treatment meta-analyses...

..Theory and simulation suggest that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) stopped early for benefit (truncated RCTs) systematically overestimate treatment effects for the outcome that precipitated early stopping...

..Although expectations of mild adverse effects have been observed to be independent predictors of reduced motivation to use NRT, adverse effects associated with NRT have not been precisely quantified...

..To address this issue we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the best available evidence for the use of EDTA chelation therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular disease...

..We also discuss the potential policy implications of addressing prevention and care issues in mobile drug using populations...

..We examined surveys addressing parental barriers to vaccinating children to determine if they comprehensively included themes identified in published qualitative studies...

..abstract:..

..Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. We sought to compare mortality rates in TB/HIV co-infected individuals globally and by country/territory...

..Others point out that small trials can still be potentially misleading...

..Many breast cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). We aimed to determine what advice health food store employees present to individuals seeking treatment options for breast cancer...

..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for commonly used herbs during pregnancy and lactation...

..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for herbs commonly used during pregnancy and lactation...

..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for commonly used herbs during pregnancy and lactation...

..Hyperlipidemia is a recognized complication of HIV antiretroviral therapy. The interactions between HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), antiretroviral agents and lipids are not well understood...

..We assessed the prevalence of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) stopped early for harm in HIV/AIDS and determined the quality of reporting of methods to inform the decision to stop the trial...

..This issue, however, has so far only received little attention in network meta-analysis. To date, no approaches have been proposed for evaluating the adequacy of the sample size, and thus power, in a treatment network...

..The lowest level that their CD4 cell count reaches, the nadir, may have long-term consequences in terms of mortality. We examined this health state in a large cohort of HIV+ patients in Uganda...

..Ed Mills and colleagues argue that a more balanced approach to gender is needed so that both men and women are involved in HIV treatment and prevention...

..Green tea is widely used by women for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. The authors aimed to determine the efficacy of green tea ingestion on the risk of breast cancer development and the risk of breast cancer recurrence...

..Although reporting of some CONSORT recommendations is high, reporting of several essential recommendations remains suboptimal. Authors need to comply with and journals need to enforce reporting of the revised CONSORT recommendations...

..Since current guidelines cannot make strong recommendations yet, our aim was to determine the relative efficacy of existing treatments and combinations to reduce the risk for COPD exacerbations...

..Our findings suggest that disclosure rates could be improved by physicians taking a more active role in asking their patients about natural product use...

..We sought to examine the association between livelihood security and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ARVs) in low- and middle-income countries (LIMC)...

..To explore the effectiveness of naturopathic care (NC) on rotator cuff tendinitis using a prospective randomized clinical trial design...

..more likely to lead to disease? Is there evidence from several different studies showing the same association? Does withdrawal of the cause result in loss of the effect? Is there a biologic model that can explain the causal relationship?..

..pylori infection. Common cinnamon showed weak to very weak evidence of efficacy in treating oral candidiasis in HIV patients and chronic salmonellosis...

....

..We also determined factors associated with the use of CAM products and vaccination status...

....

..We aimed to address this deficiency by conducting a series of assays to determine some of the purported activities of Essiac in vitro...

..These findings suggest clinicians should view the results of such trials with skepticism...

..CONCLUSION: Essiac, administered in established in vivo experimental models, did not significantly demonstrate its purported physiological modifying effects...

..Given the number of current conflicts, there is a paucity of information regarding mental disorders among children affected by war...

..The reporting quality is highly variable in the trials reviewed, and concerns exist surrounding the conduct of several trials...

..These findings suggest that confronting deeply held beliefs regarding vaccination may paradoxically strengthen these belief systems...

..We show how legal measures have been used to attain health and human rights with case examples from India and South Africa that resulted in large public-health benefits...

..However, the initiative raises human rights concerns...

....

..In order to create communication effectively, an evidence-based approach may provide the common ground required for all schools of thought...

..We also discuss the role of researchers in advocating for and researching within oppressed populations...

..We discuss the changing views of human rights in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and propose further development of the right to health by increased practice, evidence, and action...