Glenda Macqueen

..abstract:..

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..Preliminary studies suggest that the newer anticonvulsants may be of benefit for patients with bipolar II disorder, while other data suggest that there may be a greater role for antidepressant medications...

..We aimed to examine whether long-term effects of ECT on discrete memory systems could be detected in patients with BD...

..The management of women with depression can be done safely and effectively using antidepressants and alternative interventions throughout the life cycle...

..The hippocampus (HC) is smaller in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD), but few longitudinal studies have examined whether volume is associated with clinically meaningful outcomes such as response to treatment...

..Studies to determine if current treatments for bipolar disorder can prevent, delay, or even improve cognitive dysfunction are needed...

..These results suggest that intervention following early stress may eliminate the long-term vulnerability to behavioural and biochemical dysfunction that occurs following this early chronic stress...

..This study examined factors associated with persistent subsyndromal symptoms in a well characterized group of BD patients who were prospectively followed for an average of 3 years...

..Overall, heterozygous mice were not more likely to display anxious or depressive-like behaviors and, consequently, may not constitute a murine model of genetic vulnerability to mood and anxiety disorders...

..Reductions in hippocampal volume may not antedate illness onset, but volume may decrease at the greatest rate in the early years after illness onset...

..In particular, treatment with lithium may exert long-term effects on hippocampal volume, influencing cognitive outcomes in BD patients...

..Our studies indicate that early psychological trauma predisposes neonatal rats to develop persistent mucosal barrier dysfunction, including impaired host defense to luminal bacteria, by a mechanism involving peripheral CRH receptors...

..Whether intestinal events, such as enteric bacterial infections and bacterial colonisation, exert a reciprocal effect on stress-associated behaviour is not well established...

..Our findings demonstrate SGPFC volume increases in association with long-term antidepressant therapy and suggest that this result may be linked to positive clinical response...

..We previously showed that neonatal maternal separation (MS) of rat pups causes immediate and long-term changes in intestinal physiology...

..We discuss some potential mechanisms and implications in our findings...

..Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group-based psychosocial intervention designed to enhance self-management of prodromal symptoms associated with depressive relapse...

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..The potential to detect very early signs of major depression using simple neurogenesis-dependent cognitive tests could have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating and highly prevalent disorder...

..In keeping with this view, we tested the hypothesis that intranasal insulin administration would improve measures of neurocognitive performance in euthymic adults with bipolar disorder...

..There is a need for recommendations to assist clinicians in treating these frequently encountered patients...

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..These findings confirm the presence of ACC volume reductions in untreated patients with MDD and suggest that illness burden and short-term medication exposure mediate this change...

..The objective of our study was to examine patients' physical health prior to first treatment and over 2 years of follow-up...

..Patients showed impaired performance on cognitively demanding second-order ToM tasks. Reduced ToM performance was associated with longer illness duration, and with increased symptom severity...

..To examine the neurobiological basis of personality and depression...

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..Abnormal neuronal loss within the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex further supports previous work suggesting that these regions are involved in the pathophysiology of BD...

..A high-risk paradigm would clarify the temporal relation of cognitive dysfunction to clinical course...

..The primary purpose of this paper was to examine the impact of DSM-IV personality disorder symptoms on long-term clinical outcome in BD...

..SUMMARY: Patients' age, sex, age at onset of disease, course of illness and treatment status may affect the detection of regional brain volume changes in people with mood disorders...

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..Our study provides further confirmation that Li can exert structural effects on the HC, which are detectable in vivo. The study emphasizes the need to control for even brief exposure to medication in volumetric studies of the HC...

..Our results indicate that neonatal trauma can induce phenotypic changes in adulthood, including enhanced vulnerability of the gut mucosa to stress via mechanisms involving peripherally located CRH receptors...

..The data support earlier observations that psychological factors may influence asthma, and provide insights into the placebo response...

..Patients with mood disorders have higher rates of obesity than the general population. With respect to this, little is known regarding how patient look like prior to treatment or the rates of change...

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..Antidiabetic treatments, which maintain euglycaemia, hold promise as potent and clinically significant therapeutic interventions for several neuropsychiatric disorders...

..Additional studies, involving larger samples, are required to determine the contribution of social cognitive performance to impaired social functioning in BD...

..Morphometric studies of postmortem brains from subjects with mood disorders have reported altered density of glial cells in the amygdala; however, the nuclear regions have not been examined individually...

..Some, although not all, studies report small hippocampal volume in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) relative to healthy controls. Here, we explore the contribution of key demographic and clinical variables to this difference...

..To consider the mechanisms that may link asthma and major depressive disorder (MDD). Asthma and MDD co-occur at higher rates than expected, but whether this reflects shared underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is not known...

..CONCLUSION: Mood state prior to onset of depression in bipolar disorder appears to be an important clinical variable that may guide both choice of treatment administered and expectation of outcome to treatment...

..Extant data provide the basis for formulating a hypothesis that TZDs may be salutary for cognitive deficits and several aspects of somatic health (e.g., cardiovascular disease) associated with mood disorders...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CREB activity may be an important factor in the neurobiology of suicide and the well-documented antisuicidal effect of lithium...

..We recommend the initiation of a larger study to confirm our findings and help in understanding the neuropathology of major depression...

..This study examined time spent in minor and subsyndromal mood states as well as with mania and depression in a cohort of well characterized bipolar I and II patients who were followed prospectively for an average of three years...

..Forty individuals were included who had depressive symptoms on stable doses of levothyroxine. Combined T4 plus T3 did not have a significantly different effect on mood and well-being scores than did T4 alone...