J A Hanley

..abstract:..

..Correct and incorrect approaches are also presented for situations where estimates must be aggregated over strata of a confounding factor...

..This review describes some of the sampling approaches and accompanying data-analysis methods that can be used to assess, and deal efficiently with, such confounding...

..None comment on the structure of these estimators. This note brings out a heuristic representation that may help to de-mystify the structure...

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..Two methods are suggested for sample size planning based on a quantitative, rather than binary, exposure...

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..We conclude that the commonly held belief that young children have a strong physiological compensatory mechanism to adjust intake at one meal based on intake at prior meals is likely to be based on flawed statistical reasoning...

..The proposed method is also evaluated in two worked examples, involving statistics whose sampling distribution is more complex. The second of these is also used to illustrate when one can and cannot use non-parametric bootstrap samples...

..Without appropriate analyses, results from cancer screening trials will be distorted...

..The augmentation involves a factor, similar to the finite population correction, derived from the minimum of the marginal totals...

..This paper provides a re-analysis of the results using time-specific measures, which avoid the first of these sources of error...

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..TCA use 2-5 years in the past was associated with a small dose-dependent increase in the risk of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, detection bias could have contributed to the observed association...

..Although the variability of regression-based reference limits has been addressed previously, the available methods to determine the sample sizes needed to estimate them are neither transparent nor user-friendly...

..The main risk of screening is overdetection--the detection of cancer that, if left untreated, would not cause death. In this study the authors estimate the level of overdetection that might result from annual screening of men aged 50-70...

..This report describes a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between lung function and vitamin A status in an area endemic to vitamin A deficiency...

..We hypothesized that individuals with stroke would experience changes in internal standards, not experienced by the control group. Two other hypotheses related to objective criterion measures also were tested...

..Although obesity is associated with important hemodynamic disturbances, there are few data on population-wide blood pressure (BP) distribution in children and adolescents in this era of endemic pediatric obesity...

..To address this problem, licensure assessment has been reformed in Canada and the United States, including a national standardized assessment of patient-physician communication and clinical history taking and examination skills...

..Indirect evidence suggests that prolonged treatment with warfarin might be associated with a decreased incidence of urogenital cancer. We aimed to assess this association in a large population-based study...

..The study purpose is to develop and test the validity of an algorithm allowing the classification of the decedents as dying of breast cancer (BC), using administrative data...

..The purpose of the present article was to contrast three methodologic approaches for evaluating response shift to develop a proposed set of HRQL measurement recommendations under circumstances where response shift is expected to occur...

..We investigated the validity of treatment indications documented using an electronic prescribing system at the time of prescribing...

..To reduce overall waiting time, strategies would need to be systemically applied...

..Our purpose was to 1) establish the range of trachea-to-skin soft tissue thickness (TTSSTT) in obese patients and 2) determine which easily obtained anthropometric measurements are most predictive of TTSSTT...

..Standards for licensure are designed to provide assurance to the public of a physician's competence to practice. However, there has been little assessment of the relationship between examination scores and subsequent practice performance...

..Although atherosclerosis begins in childhood, there are no recent Canadian data on cardiovascular risk factors in provincially or nationally representative samples of youth...

..During the second year poorer caregiver physical and mental health and caring for a stroke survivor with communication difficulties were associated with diminished QoL...

..Prescription of new drugs contributes to substantial increases in annual drug expenditures. A small proportion of physicians appear to be early users of new prescription drugs and little is known about their characteristics...

..We investigated the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use on stage of colon cancer and presence of distant metastases at diagnosis...

..We assessed whether ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) of drip pans and cooling coils within ventilation systems of office buildings would reduce microbial contamination, and thus occupants' work-related symptoms...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether a physician's medical management and communication ability influence persistence with antihypertensive treatment...

..007), respectively; infection-related mortality rate did not change over time (p = 0.5). These results suggest that exposure to the transplantation milieu has no cumulative negative effects on cardiovascular health over the long term...

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..Our study suggests that the effects of FABP2 allelic variations on lipid traits are context dependent, indicating that this variant may play an important role in cardiovascular pathogenesis in the presence of IRS or hypertriglyceridemia...

..The objective of this population-based observational cohort study was to estimate the extent to which the inclusion/exclusion of transferred patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) impacts on hospital performance rankings...

..These results support prevention of declines in MVPA during adolescence to prevent higher blood pressure in youth...

..The aim of this study was to develop an MI model for missing physiologic data in the NTDB and to provide guidelines for its implementation...

..CONCLUSIONS: The cancer risks from full-spinal radiographs for scoliosis are not negligible and can be reduced from one half to three quarters if the anteroposterior view is replaced with the posteroanterior view...

..33 (95% CI: 0.12-0.95), and for OE use were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.73-1.01) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60-0.93), respectively. The risk reduction for colorectal cancer with TDE may be greater in magnitude than that which has been reported for oral HRT...

..Caution should therefore be used in designing or interpreting the results of studies in which area-based SES measures are used to test hypotheses or control for confounding...

..The aim of these surveys was to raise scientific consciousness on methodological aspects pertaining to internal and external validity. These reviews have suggested that the methodological quality could be improved...

..Community home-based care programs are best situated to identify children in these difficult circumstances and to mitigate their disadvantage...

..The current authors suggest ways in which researchers and readers may avoid and recognize this bias...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using physical therapies to treat UI in older women...

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..Meta-analyses of these studies must account for correlations between effect estimates from the same study...

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..To study health-related differences between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and nonusers among colorectal cases and women without diagnosed cancer...

..In youth, limited data are available on the distribution of high-sensitivity CRP as well as on its association with components of the metabolic syndrome...

..Various methods used to define HRT exposure produce a range of estimated ORs that vary in magnitude similar to results reported in the literature from observational studies investigating the association between HRT and colorectal cancer...

..Bounding the negative correlation away from its theoretical minimum may not always be a satisfactory solution. In such instances, using the independence working correlation structure and robust SEs is a more trustworthy alternative...

..To identify the underlying components of IRS. To examine the relationship between adiposity and fasting plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA)...

..The integration of replicates with robust statistical methods in primary screens will facilitate the discovery of reliable hits, ultimately improving the sensitivity and specificity of the screening process...

..CONCLUSIONS: Although the small, dense LDL phenotype is less prevalent in youths than adults, its prevalence is clearly increased in childhood IRS. Metabolic correlates of LDL size are similar in youths and adults...

..To develop a method of evaluating trauma center mortality that addresses the limitations of currently available methodology-Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) based on the Trauma and Injury Severity Score...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term trend in risk-adjusted mortality in a mature inclusive trauma system...

..The potential for error is greatest when the covariance between outcomes within- and between-studies are of comparable scale...

..To evaluate the internal and absolute reliability and construct validity of the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and a new Canadian French version (ABC-CF) of it among people with stroke...

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..To determine the role of environmental pollutants in the etiology of nasal polyposis...

..However, the effect of omitted covariates on confidence interval and study power is unknown...

..Our findings on higher mean glucose concentrations in this population require confirmation in other representative samples of youth to assess whether the North American distribution of glucose concentrations is shifting positively...

..The choice between these two methods can be based on users' preferences and practicality...

..This study documents patterns of PSA recurrence after surgery or radiation to treat localized prostate cancer and quantifies the extent to which an increasing PSA predicts death from prostate cancer...

..The appropriate therapy for men with clinically localized prostate cancer is uncertain. A recent study suggested an increasing prostate cancer mortality rate for men who are alive more than 15 years following diagnosis...

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..To determine whether this decline is in part a result of Gleason score reclassification during the same time period, we documented the potential impact of reclassification between 1992 and 2002 on clinical outcomes...

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