David L Streiner

..2003) for reporting the results of diagnostic tests and extend them to cover the types of tests used by psychologists...

..We obtained information from investigators about adherence to practices that minimize the introduction of such bias in their clinical trials experience...

..We discuss how to calculate and compareROC curves and the factors that must be considered in choosing an optimal cut point...

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..We then work through an example and show how to calculate sample sizes for noninferiority studies...

..As with many techniques, path analysis has its own unique nomenclature, assumptions, and conventions, which are discussed in this paper...

..In some publications, the terms "precision" and "accuracy" are used as if they were synonyms for "reliability" and "validity."..

..To determine the prevalence of mood, anxiety, and other disorders in the population of Canadians aged 55 years and over...

..Suggestions are made regarding the proper way to report findings...

..Each latent variable and its associated measured variables form small CFAs, with the added advantage that the correlations among the variables can be corrected for the unreliability of the measures...

..Further, because lifetime prevalence is insensitive to changes in treatment effectiveness or demand for services, it is a parameter that should be dropped from the lexicon of psychiatric epidemiology...

..I discuss the implications of this difference for how items are selected, the relationship among the items, and the statistics that should and should not be used in establishing the reliability of the scale or index...

..This article is an introduction to IRT. It concludes by discussing why IRT hasn't been adopted more widely, and some of its limitations...

..Growth curve analysis makes maximal use of the existing data and makes fewer assumptions...

..Dichotomizing a continuous variable is justified only when the distribution of that variable is highly skewed or its relation with another variable is nonlinear...

..This paper explores these issues, shows the decisions researchers must take at each phase of a trial, and discusses how clinicians should interpret the results...

..It provides some recommendations for acceptable values of a in different situations...

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..This study seeks to assess change in activities of daily living (ADLs) over two years in AD patients treated with CHEIs matched to untreated patients in the same longitudinal cohort study...

..In this study, the authors examine psychiatric comorbidity and associated impairment of four disorders (major depression, panic disorder, social phobia, and agoraphobia) in a community-based sample of adults aged 55 and older...

..This suggests that mandatory reporting policies may have a positive effect on both reporting and representation...

..to assess the prevalence of suicide ideation among community-dwelling older adults and the relationship between suicide ideation, major psychiatric disorder, and mental health service use...

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..We postulated that children with better psychological well-being (PWB) would experience fewer negative OHRQOL impacts, regardless of their orthodontic treatment status...

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..A subsample completed additional assessments 18 and 24 months poststroke. These longitudinal data were analyzed using mixed effects modeling...

..Such knowledge can guide prevention strategies emphasizing detecting and treating mental illness and controlling access to means...

..The aim of this study was to examine a battery of questionnaires for assessing the personal resources and vulnerabilities of family caregivers of persons with dementia (Alzheimer or other)...

..75 to .88. Future research and clinical use of this measure will increase our understanding of how specific domains of stroke survivors' behavioral and psychological symptoms affect the well-being of family caregivers...

..Smell tests are correlated with performance on cognitive tests in the elderly and therefore might serve as a screening test for cognitive impairment in depressed elderly...

..To explore, identify and understand the contribution that biomedical and psychosocial factors make to the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children and youth with epilepsy using the CHEQOL-25...

..Future research should evaluate a wider range of systems integrating mechanisms, using client-based measures that more directly represent continuity of care experiences...

..Hearing impairment (HI) is a common chronic condition in later life, but one that can often be improved with the use of a hearing aid. However, a distinction is not often made between corrected and uncorrected HI in the literature...

..Finally, clinicians need to familiarize themselves with outcome measures, be able to evaluate them, and use them routinely in their day-to-day practice...

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..However, performance of the K6 may vary for individual disorders or combinations of disorders. In this report, we examine the ability of the K6 to detect disorders among respondents in different diagnostic categories...

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..To examine the association between markers of social position and psychiatric disorder among older adults, and test whether social support mediates the association between social position and psychiatric disorder in this population...

..To examine outcome and explore for prognostic markers in a cohort <10 years following neonatal seizures...

..1) To examine the variability in diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in primary care relative to that of an expert reviewer; and (2) to determine the incidence rate of mTBI in Ontario, Canada...

..Women taking AD medication showed some improvement in HRV measures. These data suggest that psychophysiological changes occur in women experiencing depression during pregnancy...

..Alternative interpretations for the tool and suggestions for the use of its items as an index that measures aspects of disability are proposed...

..This form of delivery is associated with improvements in goal achievement, mood, balance, and endurance, and is well received by all participants...

..In this paper, we evaluate 2 measures of psychological distress (the Kessler 6- and 10-Item Psychological Distress Scales [K6 and K10]) as potential screening instruments for depression...

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..These results can assist rehabilitation professionals to identify informal care providers who are at greater risk of experiencing emotional distress and, therefore, may benefit from intervention...

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..22-0.35). Correlation with QOL was clinically non-significant. These variables appear to measure the same phenomenon only in children with early epilepsy onset (<4 years) and explain little variance in QOL...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a sample of children seeking orthodontic treatment in Toronto, Ontario, Canada...

..The aim of this study was to determine whether learning and school problems in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and reference children differ between cohorts in different countries...

..However, little is known about the nature of this disorder in the elderly population. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors, illness characteristics, and comorbidity of agoraphobia in the elderly...

..Considering that the incidence of dysphagia is as high as 55% following acute stroke, we undertook a systematic review of the literature to identify lesion sites that predict its presence after acute ischemic stroke...

..To develop a reliable and valid measure of short-term quality of life after abdominal surgery...

..In conclusion, the AES-C is a reliable and valid measure for the characterization and quantification of apathy...

..This article explains these various indices of effect sizes-how they are calculated, what they mean, and how they are interpreted...

..The introduction of this statistic in the area of developmental disabilities research is encouraged...

..The purpose of the present study was to examine the experimental and epidemiologic evidence linking benzodiazepine use to driving impairment...

..However, stability of parental preferences for future pediatric health states is unknown during the antenatal and neonatal periods and infancy...

..In this article, we offer recommendations about when they should and should not be brought into play...

..The CAR may provide important information about the maternal HPA axis during pregnancy and warrants further investigation in larger cohorts...

..Estimating the prevalence of admissions for suicidal behaviour using hospital separation data is of questionable validity, particularly among older age groups...

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..We evaluated the relation between the global burden of disease and conditions or diseases studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in general medical journals...

..This paper briefly considers the ethics of placebo, and conditions are stated under which such studies can be conducted...

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..The authors of the 2 papers recommend switching or avoiding the antidepressants implicated in their studies...

..We designed and validated a new bedside dysphagia screening tool-the Toronto Bedside Swallowing Screening Test (TOR-BSST) for stroke survivors in acute and rehabilitative settings...

..We present a new example of the prescribing cascade involving cholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergic drugs used to manage urinary incontinence...

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..Medical schools should examine and address barriers to admission of rural students and they should consider directing more financial resources toward this financially vulnerable group...

..To compare the quality, presentation, readability, and clinical relevance of review articles published in peer-reviewed and "throwaway" journals...

..Items were scored on a four point scale. Domains were equally weighted using percent scores. The questionnaire ends with a quality of life scale scored 0-10 and a space for free observations...

..A second interest was to determine agreement between proxy reports and self-ratings among children with epilepsy in Hong Kong, compare these with findings in Canada, and identify factors that influence the concordance...

..To explore the suggested association between atypical neuroleptic use and the development of diabetes mellitus, with a focus on older adults...

..To determine the relation between serum clozapine and nor-clozapine levels and blood cell counts during clozapine treatment...

..However, from a diagnostic point of view, the AES-I provided the greatest sensitivity and the strongest positive and negative predictive values. Generally, the AES-S performed poorly compared with the AES-C and AES-I...

..The purpose of this review is to identify what is meant by HRQL as well as outline the theoretical and empirical basis for what it is about epilepsy, co-morbidity, and its treatment that we believe make a difference to HRQL...

..6% of the respondents had a physician parent. INTERPRETATION: Canadian medical students differ significantly from the general population, particularly with regard to ethnic background and socioeconomic status...

..Comorbidities are diseases or conditions that coexist with a disease of interest. The importance of comorbidities is that they can alter treatment decisions, change resource utilization, and confound the results of survival analysis...

..The association between each of the other 7 program features and continuity was not significant. Possible explanations for this finding are explored...

..These sex differences need to be investigated further, as they could have implications for health policy...

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