R S McIntyre

..As more medications become available in the treatment of bipolar disorder, algorithms can help clinicians make the appropriate treatment choices by offering recommendations for sequencing agents...

..To review published and nonpublished literature describing changes in weight, glucose homeostasis, and lipid milieu with antipsychotics...

..To review lithium's utility in the treatment of mood disorders...

..Research success in this area may invite novel prevention strategies and hint at potential mechanisms of antipsychotic drug action...

..Most of their adverse effects can be avoided by slow titration toward the recommended doses. In contrast to carbamazepine and valproic acid, topiramate may be associated with weight loss...

..A score of 3 or less on the Toronto HAM-D7 was found to correlate with the 17-item HAM-D definition of full remission (i.e., score of 7 or less)...

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..This sub-group post-hoc analysis preliminarily explores and examines the association between overweight/obesity and cognitive function in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder...

..5 to 0.9). The data herein underscore the pernicious effect of BD on workforce function, and suggest that opportunistic screening for BD in all individuals utilizing employment assistance programs for depression might be warranted...

..A quantifiable critical objective in the management of depression is to achieve and sustain full symptomatic remission. The HAMD-7 is a depression metric validated in both tertiary and primary-care settings...

..Bipolar disorder is a highly prevalent mood disorder, frequently misdiagnosed as unipolar major depressive disorder...

..The importance of comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions cannot be understated, and this update provides an expanded look at the prevalence, impact and management of comorbid conditions in patients with bipolar disorder...

..It is hypothesized that somatic symptom alleviation is a significant predictor of overall outcome in depressed primary care patients...

..This post-hoc analysis aims to extend our understanding of quetiapine's antimanic efficacy by evaluating its therapeutic effect across the full spectrum of manic symptoms...

..The goal of this study was to characterize the burden of anxiety among residual depressive symptoms in naturalistic primary care settings...

..We further aimed to examine the likelihood of an association between obesity and MD, while controlling for the influence of sociodemographic variables...

..This article provides a succinct review of treatments approved by the US FDA for maintenance in bipolar disorders, with a focus on the most recently approved atypical antipsychotic, aripiprazole...

..Efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder was, therefore, evaluated for 100 weeks...

..A nascent database suggests that adjunctive psychosocial interventions may further reduce suicide risk in bipolar individuals...

..A pragmatic clinical approach is presented for management of the depressed phase of bipolar disorder...

..To assess open-label adjunctive topiramate in the treatment of outpatients with unstable bipolar disorder (BD)...

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..05). The temporal association between weight increase and leptin changes does not support the notion that leptin is a primary promoter of antipsychotic-induced weight gain; however, a secondary perpetuating role cannot be ruled out...

..To provide an evidence-based summary of medications commonly used for bipolar disorders and a practical approach to managing bipolar disorders in the office...

..The 7-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale can assist clinicians in determining when full remission has occurred...

..To provide family physicians with practical ways of managing depressed patients responding insufficiently to initial antidepressant treatment...

..This schema should be further informed by the treatment data for comorbid and accessory conditions. The authors propose a schema to provide the impetus for further work in the area...

..To describe the antidepressant effectiveness of olanzapine and risperidone and compare their tolerability when employed adjunctively in bipolar I/II disorder...

..This article reviews relevant adverse events attributable to the use of atypical antipsychotic agents, with particular consideration of the bipolar disorder population...

..Hepatotoxicity related to the use of duloxetine resulted in rewording of the US product insert...

..A nascent explanatory theory regarding the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder posits that alterations in metabolic networks (e.g., insulin and glucocorticoid signaling) mediate allostasis...

..To identify factors associated with incident cardiovascular events and metabolic disturbance in children and adolescents treated with antipsychotics...

..We sought to describe features that distinguish individuals with bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder...

..Subphenotyping bipolar disorder as a function of comorbidity and temporality of onset may provide an opportunity for refining disease pathophysiological models and developing innovative disease-modifying therapies...

..CONCLUSION: Bupropion had an effect on the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine but not those of the SSRIs. Further investigation of combination treatments under randomized, double-blind conditions is recommended...

..Two case studies are presented to elucidate the best practices for the varying clinical states of bipolar disorder...

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..Patient and methodological variability complicates the comparison of neuroimaging study results and limits heuristic model development and a biologically-based diagnostic schema...

..Recent data suggest that valproic acid, a commonly prescribed mood stabilizer, may be associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This adverse event has not been systematically studied in bipolar disorder...

..Taken together, a compelling basis emerges for prioritizing the identification and management of anxiety symptomatology in the BPD population...

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..To report the odds of developing adverse events associated with antipsychotic treatment among children and adolescents...

..This investigation was undertaken to explore the relationship between alcohol/illicit drug dependence and overweight/obesity in individuals with bipolar I disorder...

..To describe the effectiveness and tolerability of reboxetine under Special Access Program conditions in Canada in a group of patients with refractory depressive disorders...

..The available evidence suggests that a functional role for the cerebellum should be considered in future neuropsychiatric studies...

..Antidiabetic treatments, which maintain euglycaemia, hold promise as potent and clinically significant therapeutic interventions for several neuropsychiatric disorders...

..The authors sought to summarise and synthesise results from investigations which report on the effect of antidepressants on serum lipid homeostasis...

..To synthesise results from investigations reporting on the effect of antidepressants on glucose-insulin homeostasis...

..We evaluated a 7-item abbreviated version (HAMD-7) of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) in a randomized controlled clinical trial of patients with major depressive disorder being cared for in primary care settings...

..These findings suggest genetic variants of the TRPM2 gene increase risk for BD and support the notion that TRPM2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of BD...

..The primary efficacy outcome variable was change from baseline to Day 21 in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score...

..Pharmacoeconomic and cost-impact modelling analyses should be reformulated to consider duloxetine's symptom-alleviating effect on the somatic dimension of depressive illness...

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..The age-dependent changes documented herein may influence the distinct clinical presentation and treatment response described in older-age depression...

..The in vitro pharmacodynamic profile of quetiapine is predictive of antidepressant activity in mood syndromes. Available clinical evidence has established quetiapine as an effective monotherapy in bipolar depression...

..The aim of this review is to synthesize results from extant investigations which report on the co-occurrence of bipolar disorder and medical comorbidity...

..Aripiprazole constitutes an alternative mood-stabilizing pharmacologic avenue in bipolar disorder; its comparative efficacy in long-term recurrence prevention and bipolar depression is a future research vista...

..Clinicians should be cognizant of this complexity and address not only issues related to medication efficacy and tolerability, but also social mediators and health beliefs when prescribing antidepressants...

..This investigation was undertaken to explore the prevalence and associated features of problem gambling amongst individuals with bipolar I disorder...

..Collectively, they are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic cost. Wellness is the optimal outcome in the management of chronic medical and psychiatric disorders...

..Preliminary investigations indicate that patients who suffer from BD with comorbid DM have a more severe course and outcome, lower quality of life, higher prevalence of medical comorbidity and higher cost of illness...