D M Skowronski

..However risk assessment may change with time and depends crucially upon the validation of epidemiological features of influenza, notably the serologic correlate of protection and R(0)...

..We estimate levels of cross-reactive antibody to H3N2v by age and assess whether seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV), with or without adjuvant, may increase seroprotection...

..Interim analysis from the community-based sentinel surveillance system showed circulating H3N2 variants and suboptimal vaccine effectiveness (VE), assessed here for the entire season's data set...

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..We adapted a city-level contact network model to study different campaigns on influenza morbidity and mortality...

..We illustrate the high number needed to vaccinate (NNV) for this program based on recent epidemiologic data from the provinces of Québec and British Columbia (BC), Canada...

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..We assessed adverse events, including oculorespiratory syndrome, following influenza immunization during the first year of a publicly-funded program for infants, toddlers and their household members in Canada...

..Baseline preparedness for pandemic threats may account for the absence of sustained transmission and fewer cases of SARS in Vancouver...

..We assess cost-effectiveness of this program in Canada...

..ORS included bilateral red eyes, facial edema or respiratory symptoms beginning within 24 hours of influenza immunization. Few reports involved children. We assessed the rate of ORS in a pediatric cohort...

..We describe a sentinel surveillance approach to link influenza variant detection with component-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimation...

..Evidence is otherwise insufficient to recommend routine TIV as the standard of practice for all healthy women beginning in early pregnancy...

..Several epidemiologic investigations were conducted through the summer to assess this putative association...

..We reassessed this profile of seroprotection by age in the same region six months after the fall 2009 pandemic and vaccination campaign...

..Pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) surveillance data showed lower attack rates but higher risk of severe outcomes with advanced age. We explored immuno-epidemiologic correlates of surveillance findings including humoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI)...

..To assess the effectiveness of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine used in Canada during autumn 2009...

..Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) contains 1 of 2 influenza B/lineages (B/Yamagata or B/Victoria) annually. We assessed prime-boost responses in young children following a change in the B/lineage included in TIV...

..In 2004 an outbreak of avian influenza of the H7N3 subtype occurred among poultry in British Columbia, Canada. We report compliance with recommended protective measures and associated human infections during this outbreak...

..This review synthesizes lessons learned from this remarkable achievement. These lessons can be applied to re-emergence of SARS or to the next pandemic threat to arise...

..The surveillance case definition for ORS for 2001-2002 was revised to include onset <or=24 h after vaccination, with no restriction on duration. ORS should be incorporated into annual influenza vaccine safety monitoring...

..Previously affected persons should be informed of the risk of ORS recurrence but also that episodes of such recurrence are mild and well tolerated...

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..We assessed whether 2 full versus 2 half-doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) could improve immunogenicity without increasing reactogenicity in infants (aged 6-11 months) and toddlers (aged 12-23 months)...

..Although vaccinated ORS-affected individuals had less of a type 1 basis than did vaccinated unaffected individuals, this difference was not statistically significant...

..Adult booster immunization against pertussis should be considered to protect adults themselves from this illness and its potential complications...

..We examined the risk of recurrence of ORS for individuals affected in 2000-2001 who were revaccinated in the community setting in 2001-2002...

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..To anticipate adult coverage with a combined product containing tetanus (T) and diphtheria (d) toxoids and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine as a booster dose, we conducted a survey of households in British Columbia, Canada...

..This study documents trends in the reported rate of acute HB disease since 1992 and examines factors bearing on the rate of infection throughout the period of program implementation...

..Skin test reaction size or quality could not identify persons at risk of ORS. Skin testing could not identify a specific strain or the stage in the manufacturing process during which the trigger may have been introduced...

..We conclude that the very young and old suffer the greatest morbidity due to P&I, and an indirect role for school-aged children in anticipating the risk to others warrants further evaluation...

..Response to B/Harbin was less throughout the study. A/Sydney antibody titer was lower with more times vaccinated in the previous 5 years. Therefore, a second vaccine did not enhance the immune response...

..We conclude that certain mild oculorespiratory symptoms were triggered by an influenza vaccine that was otherwise minimally reactogenic and, hence, that such symptoms might be associated with influenza vaccines in general...

..We determined the reproduction number of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 by analyzing the dynamics of the complete case series in Mexico City during this early period...

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..This insertion likely occurred by recombination between the hemagglutination and matrix genes in the LPAI virus...

..The historic concern that the influenza vaccine-induced antibody response in the elderly declines more rapidly and below seroprotective levels within 4 months of immunization should be reconsidered...

..Surveillance identified two persons with confirmed avian influenza infection. Symptoms included conjunctivitis and mild influenzalike illness...

..Contact network epidemiology can provide valuable quantitative input to public health decisionmaking, even before a pathogen is well characterized...

..Large injection site reactions commonly follow booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines at 4-6 years of age. A vaccine with lower diphtheria and pertussis dosage (Tdap) might be better tolerated for this dose...

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..Among parents of susceptible children, 59% (343/582) would vaccinate their child if it were provided free; 25% (148/582) were undecided...

..Finally, the sera of vaccinated mice contained antibodies to S, further suggesting a role for this protein in conferring protective immunity against SARS-CoV infection...

..Providing a safety valve for inevitable tensions between investigators and sponsor was an understated but significant role. Lessons from our experience will be particularly pertinent to future studies of pandemic influenza vaccines...

..The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of significant hearing impairment in children attending primary school in the country of Zimbabwe...

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..We offer quantitative insight into the heterogeneity of SARS outbreaks worldwide, and illustrate the utility of this approach for assessing public health strategies...

..We confirm that vaccine aggregates deviate the immune response to a greater Th2 cytokine pattern with potential implications for vaccine screening, safety, and efficacy...

..It appears to be of viral origin, with patterns suggesting droplet or contact transmission. The role of human metapneumovirus, a novel coronavirus, or both requires further investigation...

..Oculorespiratory syndrome (ORS) after influenza vaccination has many features of an allergic reaction...

..Oculo-respiratory syndrome (ORS) following influenza vaccination was identified in Canada in 2000. This report describes trends of ORS reported during four consecutive seasons 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 in the province of Quebec, Canada...

..Household bat exposure has become the most frequent reason for RPEP administration. Given the rarity of rabies, RPEP recommendations related to household bat exposure may warrant review...

..Since the 1980s, rare cases of rabies in humans in Canada and the United States have been almost exclusively caused by the bat-variant virus...