Stephen Lam

..The objective of the study was to determine if OCT could characterize preneoplastic changes in the bronchial epithelium identified by autofluorescence bronchoscopy...

..A phase I, open-label, multiple dose, dose-escalation clinical study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose, and potential chemopreventive effect of myo-inositol in smokers with bronchial dysplasia...

..Preclinical studies suggest that inhaled budesonide may be an effective chemopreventive agent for lung cancer. We conducted a phase IIb study to determine the effects of inhaled budesonide in smokers with bronchial dysplasia...

..The acquisition of anti-apoptotic signals is critical for the survival of cancer cells but the pathways involved are incompletely characterized in developing intra-epithelial neoplasia (IEN)...

..Identification of the molecular differences between these tumor types will have a significant impact in designing novel therapies that can improve the treatment outcome...

..We investigated complex component gene disruption as a novel genetic mechanism of NF-κB activation in non-small cell lung cancer...

..Identification of biological pathways reflective of these progressive stages, and aberrantly expressed genes associated with these pathways, would conceivably enhance therapeutic approaches to this devastating disease...

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..In summary, our data demonstrate the unique information generated by high resolution analysis of NSCLC genomes and uncover the presence of genetic alterations prevalent in the different NSCLC subtypes...

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..Surfactant dysfunction has been implicated in both lung cancer and COPD. This study evaluated the relationship between surfactant protein D (SP-D) and the progression of bronchial dysplasia in heavy smokers...

..Preliminary clinical tests show that clear and reliable Raman spectra can be obtained...

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..Intriguingly, MAD1L1 has been implicated to have tumor-suppressing functions. Our data suggest a more complex role for this gene, as MAD1L1 is the most frequent copy number gain in SCLC cell lines...

..CONCLUSIONS: In chemoprevention trials, nuclear morphometry can supplement histopathology as a Surrogate Endpont Biomarker (SEB) because it is quantitative, collelates well with genetic damage, and may predict cancer development...

..Alternatively, as sequencing-based technologies provide digital quantitative output, absolute quantification ensues, and reference gene identification becomes more accurate...

..1%. CT scan alone would have missed 29% of the cancers. This screening paradigm shift has the additional potential of reducing the number of initial CT scans by at least 25% with further savings in follow-up investigations and treatment...

..Together, our findings suggest that AC and SqCC develop through distinct pathogenetic pathways that have significant implication in our approach to the clinical management of NSCLC...

..Collectively, our findings provide evidence that these lung tumors are globally and genetically different, which implies they are likely driven by distinct molecular mechanisms...

..In this study, first generation subrenal capsule xenografts of primary NSCLCs were examined for (a) determining responses to conventional chemotherapeutic regimens and (b) selecting regimens most effective for individual patients...

..To determine whether the xc- cystine transporter could be a useful therapeutic target for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)...

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..Our findings show that TRAF6 is an oncogene that is important for RAS-mediated oncogenesis and provide a mechanistic explanation for the previously apparent importance of constitutive NF-κB activation in RAS-driven lung cancers...

..Our findings show extensive, tissue-specific lncRNA expression in normal tissues and highly aberrant lncRNA expression in human cancers. Here, we present a first generation atlas for lncRNA profiling in cancer...

..miR-101 is encoded at two loci in the human genome: 1p31.3 (miR-101-1) and 9p24.1 (miR-101-2). We sought to investigate miR-101 locus-specific deletions and genomic loss in the major subtypes of lung cancer...

..Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising new micron-scale resolution imaging technique that can image small airways 2 mm in diameter or less...

..However, further improvements in the miniature objective lens are required to provide sufficient axial resolution for accurate classification of preneoplastic lesions...

..To evaluate the performance of a commercially available computer-aided detection (CAD) system in a series of pathologically proven lung cancers...

..0001). The results of this exploratory study indicate that NIR Raman spectroscopy provides significant potential for the noninvasive diagnosis of lung cancers in vivo based on the optic evaluation of biomolecules...

..We conducted a phase IIb study to determine the effects of ADT in smokers with bronchial dysplasia...

..Importantly, this implication of pathways known only to be activated in fetal lung development lends support to the proposed model of lung cancer ontology whereby tumors arise from dysregulated pleuripotent stem cells...

..Novel imaging methods such as confocal micro-endoscopy and spiral CT-directed endoscopic biopsies are under development to evaluate the response of chemopreventive agents on peripheral pre-neoplastic lesions in small airways...

..We sought to develop a robust, objective means of quantitatively evaluating Ki67 immunostaining for lung precancerous lesions...

..In this article, we provide an overview of these imaging modalities in the context of COPD and discuss their strengths as well as their limitations for providing quantitative COPD phenotypes...

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..This study provides evidence in support to the hypothesis that MAC are induced by a soluble factor(s) released by malignant cells. Colour figure can be viewed on http://www.esacp.org/acp/2003/25-2/sun.htm..

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..Our novel sputum biomarker, the Combined Score (CS), uses automated image cytometric analysis of ploidy and nuclear morphology to detect subtle intraepithelial changes that often precede lung tumours...

..The current status of chemoprevention is summarized. The case for using a two-step screening strategy is also discussed...

..The system has been successfully tested in a clinic, demonstrating a practical approach to improve both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity at the same time...

..More accurate surrogate endpoint biomarkers are becoming available for phase II trials of new agents. A number of promising agents are currently being tested in phase II and III trials for prevention of lung cancer...

..These findings indicate that SP is an enriched source of lung tumor-initiating cells with stem cell properties and may be an important target for effective therapy and a useful tool to investigate the tumorigenic process...

..If only fixed tissue is available, thorough rinsing of specimens in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) before spectral measurements may help reduce the formalin fixation artifacts on tissue Raman spectra...

..Using a large tissue registry, we sought to determine the relationship between FEV1 and subtypes of NSCLC and determine whether this relationship is modified by gender...

..The transplantable tumor lines seem to provide good models for studying various aspects of tumor progression and a platform for developing novel therapeutic regimens, with the possibility of patient-tailored therapies...

..Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:168-176, 2002...

..A better understanding of the mode of action of these carcinogens will facilitate the prevention and management of lung cancer related to such environmental hazards...

..In this article, we offer a possible low-cost strategy to risk-stratify smokers on the basis of spirometry measurements and emphysema scoring by radiologists on CT scans...

..To evaluate the effect of radiation dose and scanner manufacturer on quantitative CT scan measurements of lung morphology in smokers...

..These studies confirm the value of an autoantibody assay, EarlyCDT-Lung, as an aid to detecting lung cancer in patients at high risk of the disease...

..It will also provide new information on the use of novel biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for assessing the effect of chemoprevention. ..