Louis Philippe Boulet

..Smoking did not seem to influence the relationship between asthma and body mass index. Further research should investigate the mechanisms by which obesity may influence the prevalence of asthma or asthma-like symptoms...

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..Interventions to improve adherence therefore demand tailoring to the individual by including patient-specific education, addressing patient fears and misconceptions, monitoring adherence, and developing a shared decision process...

..The response to this treatment varies from one patient to another. Consequently, further studies are required to better define the role of this option in the treatment of asthma...

..We set out to generate estimates of the global burden of asthma in adults, which may inform the development of strategies to address this common disease...

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..Obesity is a risk factor for self-reported asthma and makes asthma management more difficult. The effects of bariatric surgery on asthma in severely obese subjects remain to be documented...

..It also provides examples of successful initiatives in various socioeconomic settings...

..Furthermore, regulatory agencies' restrictions on the type of drugs allowed for therapeutic use of these conditions in competitive athletes should be checked...

..Factors associated with asthma remission need to be determined, particularly when remission occurs in adulthood...

..The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of roflumilast on bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airway inflammation in mild asthmatic patients undergoing allergen inhalation challenge...

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..To compare the effects of once-daily ciclesonide and twice-daily fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate persistent asthma...

..To describe an interactive playing card workshop in the communication of asthma guidelines recommendations, and to assess the initial evaluation of this educational tool by family physicians...

..Algae powders have been increasingly used in therapeutic preparations. Their potential as inducers of occupational asthma (OA), however, remains to be demonstrated...

..It is hoped that this event will be followed by other meetings that focus on how to improve the transfer of key recommendations from evidence-based guidelines into current care, and how to stimulate research to accomplish this...

..In conclusion, compared with nonsmoking asthma patients, smoking asthma patients have features similar to what could be found in early stages of COPD...

..To impart a call for further research into the identified domains of particular interest in the etiology, management, and treatment of cough...

..The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily ciclesonide, a new-generation, on-site-activated, inhaled corticosteroid, with once-daily budesonide in persistent asthma...

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..This may suggest that this ratio is not useful for evaluating the effect of corticosteroids on small airways, or that extrafine HFA-BDP acts at the level of large- to moderate-caliber airways to produce most of its beneficial effect...

..We still do not know why some subjects with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) experience no respiratory symptoms...

..Obesity may contribute to the development and clinical expression of asthma. However, how obesity can influence response to asthma medications is still uncertain...

..To compare the influence of underlying airway inflammation and lung hyperinflation on dyspnea during induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with mild asthma (or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness (AAHR)...

..If considered relevant, they should, however, be treated appropriately. Further research is needed on the relationships between these conditions and asthma...

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..6801, p < 0.0001 for COPD). In conclusion, the PPAQ is a new tool to assess implementation of asthma and COPD guidelines; it has the potential to identify care gaps that can be specifically targeted for intervention...

..Current guidelines suggest that asthma should be controlled with the lowest dose of maintenance medication required...

..With regard to clinical research, associated conditions may influence the results of trials and should be taken into account in the subjects' inclusion criteria and analysis of data...

..TPI 1020 is a novel compound with potential for anti-neutrophil effects. TPI 1020 exerts its effects by a dual mechanism of action involving corticosteroid activity and controlled donation of nitric oxide...

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..Weight loss improves asthma control and reduces medication needs. Research is needed to better define the optimal management of obese asthmatic patients...

..To optimize care, a systematic approach to identifying such shortfalls or 'care gaps', in which all stakeholders of the health care system (including patients) are involved, was proposed...

..The effects of the use or nonuse of evidence-based guidelines should be documented. An empiric, integrative approach to management of chronic cough also needs further validation...

..High intensity exercise may induce airway inflammation and subsequent remodelling in these subjects. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity training on induced-sputum cell populations in elite athletes...

..To compare the systemic safety and efficacy of hydrofluoroalkane beclomethasone dipropionate (HFA-BDP) extra-fine aerosol 800 microg/day with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-BDP 1500 microg/day...

..Non-smoking patients with IRAO had more neutrophils in IS than CRAO...

..Other factors, such as neurohumoral influences and "geometric factors" (eg, airway caliber), can modulate the degree of AHR...

..Current asthma guidelines suggest a series of criteria to assess if asthma is controlled. However, there is a need to develop a simple and practical method to quantify the degree of such control, both in clinical practice and research...

..It is not known whether physicians are using these criteria to assess treatment needs and how effective such assessments are compared with patient assessment of asthma control...

..New developments, such as combination therapy, and recent major trials, such as the Children's Asthma Management Project (CAMP) study, are discussed...

..This is in keeping with the recommendation that salmeterol should only be used with an anti-inflammatory agent, particularly in the context of significant allergen exposure...

..31, P < 0.05, respectively) This study suggests that the sympatho-vagal balance may contribute to the increased AHR in the population studied but this influence alone cannot explain the higher prevalence of AHR in athletes...

..Although compliance to this type of medication is often suboptimal and once-daily dosing can help to improve adherence to the treatment, the clinical implications of such a mode of administration should be determined...

..It also indicates that once asthma becomes symptomatic, airway responsiveness cannot normalize in most subjects over such a time period, even with a high dose of ICS...

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..Hopefully, such initiatives will be supported and implemented to provide cost effective educational interventions that will improve quality of life of asthma sufferers and reduce health care costs...

..It also requires a harmonization of actions taken by industry, government, licencing bodies and patients or health professional associations to ensure adequate information and education to the public and respiratory care providers...

..This paper reviews some of the main components of airway inflammation and structural changes in asthma, and discusses how these processes may interact to modify airway function and induce respiratory symptoms...

..low asthma-related morbidity region (LMR), as determined by a large-scale populational survey (asthma cartography)...

..Airway disorders are common in regular chlorinated swimming pool attendees, particularly competitive athletes, but the impact of intense swimming training on airway function and structure remains unclear...

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..Our objective was to assess the potential relationship between AHR and coronary atherosclerosis plaque volume as assessed by 3-dimensional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)...

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..We looked at the comparative prevalence of AHR, physician-diagnosed asthma and respiratory symptoms during exercise in female (F) and male (M) athletes...

..We assessed the changes in airway inflammatory cells following SIC in sensitized workers, and looked at the influence of various factors on the pattern of inflammatory responses to SIC...

..Nasal polyposis (NP) is associated with a more severe and steroid-resistant asthma...

..Furthermore, the choice of methods for assessing methacholine challenge and EVH responses influences the prevalences of AHR and EIB. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier NCT 00686491 and NCT 00686452...

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..Asthma in the elderly is associated with a more marked airway obstruction and sputum neutrophilia. Both age and the dose of corticosteroids need to be considered in the interpretation of the clinical relevance of sputum neutrophil count...

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..Concentrations of IL-6 and fibronectin were higher when using, respectively, the commercial cocktail, and aprotinin. Protease inhibitors, if added, should be carefully chosen at the beginning of each study, to optimize the results...

..Obesity is associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, especially in women, and appears to be more severe in the obese. This study aimed to determine if obese subjects have a specific asthma phenotype...

..The influence of weight loss, response to present therapies as well as new targets for the treatment of COPD and asthma in obese subjects are also discussed, in addition to future directions for research...

..Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the most numerous immune cells in the airways and are involved in the immunological homeostasis of the lung. Intriguingly, their role in asthma remains unclear probably, in part, because of their heterogeneity...

..Our results suggest that TGF-beta restrains EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling in bronchial epithelial cells...

..Bronchial biopsies are widely used for histopathological, primary cell culture and genetic studies, but very few reports have evaluated their quality...

..To understand the role of leptin and adiponectin in obese asthmatics...

..We have shown that arginase I and iNOS are upregulated in asthma. Smoking asthmatic subjects are reported to have low exhaled nitric oxide levels. The effect of cigarette smoking on the expression of arginase I in asthma is unknown...

..CSE and the smoking chamber differently modulate bronchial epithelial cell mediator production, demonstrating that the model of cigarette smoke exposure used can influence the data obtained...

..No difference was observed between groups, suggesting that changes in CysLT(1)-R expression occur whether or not the subject has concurrent asthma...

..Asthma is work related when there is an association between symptoms and work. Occupational asthma (OA) is induced by the workplace, whereas work-exacerbated asthma (WEA) is triggered by the workplace but not induced by it...

..However, subjects exposed to animals show higher airway eosinophilia, which may suggest they are at increased risk of developing airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma...

..We found no association between the diagnosis of asthma and SAS diagnosis in this population. BPD-DS improved self-reported severity of asthma and SAS symptoms...

..These results show that Dex failed to reduce collagen production in fibroblasts from asthmatic subjects. This impaired response may be related to AP-1 overexpression in these cells...

..In patients with asthma, smoking has been associated with accelerated decline in pulmonary function, poor disease control and reduced responsiveness to corticosteroids...

..To examine recent publications on the types of agents involved in occupational asthma, the mechanisms by which they induce asthma, and how best to evaluate and treat workers suspected of this respiratory condition...

..We hope that this model of disease management will progressively reduce the burden associated with asthma, and potentially other chronic diseases, and will result in the more effective use of health services...

..DI avoidance before inhalation does not enhance the fall in FEV2 in subjects with asthma, while it does in control subjects. Methacholine has a slight cumulative effect that is significant in patients with asthma (p = 0.007)...

..05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asthma was not significantly different among the four groups of athletes and it was not associated with a family history of asthma...

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..These cells produce a wide range of mediators involved in inflammation and remodeling processes. However, the effects of chronic smoke exposure on the release and production of these mediators remain unclear...

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..Stimulation of interleukin-22 receptor alpha-1 (IL22RA1) was reported to increase the innate immune responses in inflammatory diseases. Moreover, a reduced level of IL22RA1 was found in patients with recalcitrant CRS with nasal polyps...

..The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of health complaints of young swimmers and young indoor soccer players and to evaluate the relationship between chloramine concentrations and the athletes' health complaints...

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..These BE appear to be very good models to study the mechanisms involved in asthma in vitro...

..CONCLUSIONS: We developed a useful device for collecting EBC for pH evaluation that could provide an alternative to other methods when pH is the main variable evaluated...

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..The potential of novel therapeutic agents to reverse or prevent airway remodeling is an exciting avenue and warrants further evaluation...

..Such intervention can help to reduce asthma-related morbidity, but local barriers to implementation of such program should be addressed...

..Further studies should look at the relationships between these conditions to identify individuals at high-risk of developing them and develop strategies to possibly prevent their onset...

..Our objective was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and determinants of clinically significant pleural effusions, defined as those requiring therapeutic pleural drainage according to clinical assessment...

..Acetone-methanol showed a lower percentage of positive cells for CD68 and a poor quality. PLP-sucrose gives the best results for the preservation of the studied cell markers and acetone-methanol the worst...