S Broor

..199/1,000 person-years), whereas adults had higher rates during postpandemic versus pandemic periods (131 vs. 69/1,000 person-years). Demographic shifts as pandemics evolve should be considered in public health response planning...

..Continued surveillance globally will help define regional differences in influenza seasonality, as well as, to determine optimal periods to implement influenza vaccination programs among priority populations...

..This is the first report from India with high percentage of concurrent infections with different dengue virus serotypes circulating during one outbreak...

..The sensitivity and specificity of mPCR was compared to virus isolation by centrifugation enhanced culture (CEC) followed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF)...

..I.I.M.S. from suspected cases of dengue infection. This study was designed to compare the serological and virological profiles of confirmed dengue cases in the years 2003, 2004 and 2005...

..We carried out a comprehensive study to identify factors influencing both mortality and morbidity for children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with severe pneumonia...

..F gene is the most conserved among different lineages and efforts are underway to design recombination vaccine using F gene...

..Viruses are common causes of ARI among such children, yet the disease burden of these infections in rural communities is unknown...

..To determine virologic and epidemiologic characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India...

..The advancement of our understanding of pneumovirus biology and pathogenesis of pneumovirus disease in specific natural hosts can provide us with strategies for vaccine formulations and combined antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies...

..Most patients could be classified by the WHO classification if a retrospective packed cell volume was used to assess haemoconcentration. We suggest that development of area-specific criteria for diagnosis and management is desirable...

..8% and 85%, respectively. The values for rhonchi were 60%, 56.8%, 58.2%, and 74.1%, respectively. It is concluded that clinical features do not have desirable sensitivity and specificity for identification of ALRTI due to viral etiology...

..The conversion rates against types 2 and 3 are much lower than in previous studies. We conclude that preterm babies vaccinated at 34-35 weeks post conception show seroconversion rates similar to those in term newborns...

..The phylogenetic analysis of most prevalent genotypes revealed the presence of novel HCV variants in type 1 strains...

..After nearly a decade, this virus is reemerging as a cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in India...

..54% respectively. The specificity of three assays were MRL IgM ELISA 100%, Pan Bio Duo ELISA 92.8% and Pan Bio RIT 85.7%...

..Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a newly described respiratory pathogen, has been identified as an important cause of ARI in young children...

..Myocardial functions need to be assessed in patients with this disease, especially those who have persistent hypotension in spite of adequate hydration...

..This is the largest such outbreak reported from India, indicating a serious resurgence of dengue virus infection...

..upper respiratory infection in siblings, severe malnutrition, cooking fuel other than liquid petroleum gas, inappropriate immunization for age and history of LRTI in the family were the significant risk factors associated with ALRTI..

..78) than within the genotypes (dN/dS, 0.69). These are among the first molecular analyses of RSV strains from the second most populous country in the world and will be useful for comparisons to candidate vaccine strains...

..During a dengue outbreak in Delhi in 2006, 17 of 69 serum samples were positive for chikungunya virus by reverse transcription-PCR; 6 samples were positive for both viruses...

..This is the first report of a food-borne outbreak attributable to NLVs from India...

..This warrants the need for insisting on more efficient surveillance mechanisms so as to assess the impact of an extensive pulse polio immunization programme in India...

..We describe a case of dengue fever having mild encephalopathy and papilledema at presentation...

..To identify pathogens responsible for acute severe lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in under five children by non-invasive methods...

..The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of antibodies to hMPV in children and adults of 1 month to 55 years of age...

..All other asymptomatic babies with specific IgM positive against rubella and CMV were found to have normal vision, hearing and development on follow-up...

..All 9 (2.1%) CMV positive infants were born to mothers who were CMV seropositive at the first antenatal visit. One child had hepatosplenomegaly at birth and another child had mild unilateral hearing loss at 4 months of age...

..Viruses are important aetiological agents of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Their reported prevalence varies from region to region. This systematic review calculated the prevalence of respiratory viral infections in AECOPD...

..Determining the molecular basis of reinfections may have important implications for RSV vaccine development...

..Patients in the age group of 21-30 yr accounted for 34.2 per cent of positive cases. This outbreak was less severe as compared to the previous 1996 outbreak and showed a shift towards an older age group...

..HBoV appeared to have no seasonal distribution and is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract disease in young children in India...

..To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of Indian children infected with 2009 H1N1 influenza virus...

..We report an unusual case of adult onset SSPE patient on treatment with significant clinical improvement, even in the absence of conversion to seronegativity in either CSF or serum, on follow-up serological examination...

..However, a higher sensitivity of detection of RSV in clinical samples can be obtained by its combination with additional techniques, such as virus cultivation...

..Increasing the genotype spectrum (e.g. valency) if the existing vaccines would be expected to have only a modest impact on the potential for cervical protection...

..Serological tests play a mainstay in diagnosis. Early detection by appropriate serological tests and institution of therapy is crucial and life saving...

..Therefore, there are more chances of acquiring multiple infections at the same time with overlapping clinical manifestations. We would like to share a case having concurrent infection with four different agents...

..CONCLUSION: These observations suggest upregulation of TGF-beta in HCV infection and a probable role for TGF-beta in the pathogenesis of HCV-related CLD...

..A wide spectrum of HPV types is seen in north Indian women, with the majority being HPV-16 in all grades of histology. A vaccine against HPV-16 and HPV-18 could prevent two thirds of cases of high-grade cervical neoplasia...

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..Twelve patients were coinfected with more than one genotype. Their median viral loads did not differ significantly from those observed for monoinfected patients, which in turn did not vary significantly among different genotypes...

..Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) cause gastroenteritis throughout the world. Limited information is available on molecular epidemiology of caliciviruses from developing countries including India...