Genome sequence of Babesia bovis and comparative analysis of apicomplexan hemoprotozoaKelly A Brayton
Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
PLoS Pathog 3:1401-13. 2007
..The genome sequence provides a greater understanding of B. bovis metabolism and potential avenues for drug therapies and vaccine development...
- CD4+ T lymphocytes from Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (MSP2) vaccinees recognize naturally processed epitopes conserved in MSP3
Wendy C Brown
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 72:3688-92. 2004
..This T-lymphocyte response to conserved and partially conserved epitopes may contribute to the immunodominance of MSP2 and MSP3...
- The immunization-induced antibody response to the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 and its association with protective immunity
Susan M Noh
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164 7030, USA
Vaccine 28:3741-7. 2010
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- Expression of Anaplasma marginale ankyrin repeat-containing proteins during infection of the mammalian host and tick vector
Solomon S Ramabu
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, and The Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 79:2847-55. 2011
..Selection for divergence in Ank function among Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. is supported by both locus and allelic analyses of genes encoding orthologous proteins and their ankyrin motif compositions...
- Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium
Michael J Dark
Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
BMC Genomics 10:16. 2009
..Maries strain genome...
- Composition of the surface proteome of Anaplasma marginale and its role in protective immunity induced by outer membrane immunization
Susan M Noh
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164 7030, USA
Infect Immun 76:2219-26. 2008
..Furthermore, the data support that remodeling of the surface proteome accompanies the transition between mammalian and arthropod hosts and identify novel targets for blocking transmission...
- Immunogenicity of Anaplasma marginale type IV secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine
Job E Lopez
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 75:2333-42. 2007
..marginale and related pathogens...
Distinctly different msp2 pseudogene repertoires in Anaplasma marginale strains that are capable of superinfectionJose Luis Rodriguez
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Gene 361:127-32. 2005
..This finding supports the hypothesis that the occurrence of superinfection reflects the differences in the msp2 repertoire and corresponding diversity of variants...
- Identification of Anaplasma marginale proteins specifically upregulated during colonization of the tick vector
Solomon S Ramabu
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 78:3047-52. 2010
....
- Coinfection with antigenically and genetically distinct virulent strains of Babesia bovis is maintained through all phases of the parasite life cycle
Shawn J Berens
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 75:5769-76. 2007
..While coinfection of the tick vector provides the context in which allelic antigenic diversity can be generated, recombination of VMSA genes could not be confirmed, suggesting that VMSA allelic changes are slow to accumulate...
- Differential expression and sequence conservation of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 gene superfamily outer membrane proteins
Susan M Noh
Program in Vector borne Diseas, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 6630, USA
Infect Immun 74:3471-9. 2006
..Maries strain and Florida strain genomes...
- Identification of Anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein antigens conserved between A. marginale sensu stricto strains and the live A. marginale subsp. centrale vaccine
Joseph T Agnes
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 79:1311-8. 2011
..marginale and provides clear direction for development of a safer, more effective vaccine...
- Complete genome sequencing of Anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteins
Kelly A Brayton
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washingston State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:844-9. 2005
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- Physical linkage of naturally complexed bacterial outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicity
Henriette Macmillan
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Infect Immun 76:1223-9. 2008
..Understanding how the naturally occurring intermolecular interactions between OMPs influence the immune response may lead to more effective vaccine design...
- Tick-borne transmission of two genetically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains following superinfection of the mammalian reservoir host
Christina K Leverich
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Program in Vector Borne Diseases, School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 76:4066-70. 2008
..marginale strain capable of superinfecting the mammalian host can subsequently be cotransmitted and become established within the host population despite the presence of an existing established strain...
- Selection for simple major surface protein 2 variants during Anaplasma marginale transmission to immunologically naïve animals
Guy H Palmer
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 75:1502-6. 2007
..However, these mosaics have a selective advantage only in the presence of adaptive immunity and are rapidly replaced by simple variants following transmission...
- Analysis of the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1 complex protein composition by tandem mass spectrometry
Henriette Macmillan
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
J Bacteriol 188:4983-91. 2006
..The msp1beta sequences were highly conserved throughout infection. However, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified only a single MSP1b protein, MSP1b1, within the MSP1 complex...
- Independence of Anaplasma marginale strains with high and low transmission efficiencies in the tick vector following simultaneous acquisition by feeding on a superinfected mammalian reservoir host
Maria F B M Galletti
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
Infect Immun 77:1459-64. 2009
..These results support the idea that the strain predominance in regions of endemicity is mediated by the intrinsic transmission efficiency of specific strains regardless of occurrence of superinfection...
- Anaplasma marginale type IV secretion system proteins VirB2, VirB7, VirB11, and VirD4 are immunogenic components of a protective bacterial membrane vaccine
Eric L Sutten
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 78:1314-25. 2010
..The discovery of novel immunogenic T4SS proteins recognized by outbred individuals with common MHC haplotypes further justifies evaluating the T4SS as a potential vaccine candidate for pathogenic bacteria...
- Merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins of Babesia bovis vaccine breakthrough isolates contain a unique hypervariable region composed of degenerate repeats
Shawn J Berens
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 73:7180-9. 2005
..Variation in length and content of the HVR is primarily attributable to differences in the order and number of degenerate nucleotide repeats encoding three motifs of unknown function...
- Association of pathogen strain-specific gene transcription and transmission efficiency phenotype of Anaplasma marginale
Joseph T Agnes
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 78:2446-53. 2010
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- Expansion of variant diversity associated with a high prevalence of pathogen strain superinfection under conditions of natural transmission
Massaro W Ueti
Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, Washington, USA
Infect Immun 80:2354-60. 2012
..The results of the present study, which examined strain structure under conditions of natural transmission and population immunity, support that high levels of endemicity also drive pathogen divergence toward greater strain diversity...
- Characterization of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 locus and its synteny with the omp1/p30 loci of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and E. canis
CHRISTIANE V LOHR
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Gene 325:115-21. 2004
..This supports the hypothesis that the expression sites of these important immunogenic proteins are derived from a common precursor with later divergent evolution along genus lines...
- Superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens
James E Futse
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:2123-7. 2008
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- Maintenance of antibody to pathogen epitopes generated by segmental gene conversion is highly dynamic during long-term persistent infection
Yan Zhuang
Program in Vector Borne Diseases and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 75:5185-90. 2007
..The results unify the genetic potential of segmental gene conversion with escape from antibody recognition and identify immunological effects of variant mosaic structure...
- Structural basis for segmental gene conversion in generation of Anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein variants
James E Futse
Program in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
Mol Microbiol 57:212-21. 2005
..Importantly, the anchoring model, which can account for more variants than a strict segmental sequence identity mechanism, is consistent with the number of msp2 variants predicted and empirically identified during persistent infection...
- Insights into mechanisms of bacterial antigenic variation derived from the complete genome sequence of Anaplasma marginale
Guy H Palmer
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078:15-25. 2006
..The resulting combinatorial diversity generates the number of variants both predicted and shown to emerge during persistence...
- Generation of antigenic variants via gene conversion: Evidence for recombination fitness selection at the locus level in Anaplasma marginale
James E Futse
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, USA
Infect Immun 77:3181-7. 2009
..Identification of highly fit variants provides targets for vaccines that will prevent the high-level bacteremia associated with acute disease...
- Identification of novel antigenic proteins in a complex Anaplasma marginale outer membrane immunogen by mass spectrometry and genomic mapping
Job E Lopez
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
Infect Immun 73:8109-18. 2005
..The identification of these novel antigenic proteins markedly expands current understanding of the composition of the protective immunogen and provides new candidates for vaccine development...
- Stability and tick transmission phenotype of gfp-transformed Anaplasma marginale through a complete in vivo infection cycle
Susan M Noh
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164 7030, USA
Appl Environ Microbiol 77:330-4. 2011
..Despite the lower levels of replication, ticks transmitted the transformant. Transformants can serve as valuable tools to dissect the molecular requirements of tick colonization and pathogen transmission...
- The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 hypervariable region induces surface-reactive antibodies that block merozoite invasion
Tanya LeRoith
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 74:3663-7. 2006
..The results indicate that the MSA-1 HVR is involved in erythrocyte invasion and suggest that selection of MSA-1 variants may be driven by invasion-blocking antibodies...
- Polymorphisms in the prion precursor functional gene but not the pseudogene are associated with susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer
Katherine I O'Rourke
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Disease Research Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
J Gen Virol 85:1339-46. 2004
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- Anaplasma marginale infection with persistent high-load bacteremia induces a dysfunctional memory CD4+ T lymphocyte response but sustained high IgG titers
Sushan Han
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Clin Vaccine Immunol 17:1881-90. 2010
..marginale infection. The failure to establish a strong memory T cell response during A. marginale infection likely contributes to bacterial persistence...
- Expression and strain variation of the novel "small open reading frame" (smorf) multigene family in Babesia bovis
Lucas M Ferreri
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 6040, USA
Int J Parasitol 42:131-8. 2012
..The function of these novel proteins is unknown...
- Identification of Anaplasma marginale type IV secretion system effector proteins
Svetlana Lockwood
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
PLoS ONE 6:e27724. 2011
..marginale by translocating effector proteins across its membrane into eukaryotic target cells. However, T4SS effector proteins have not been identified and tested in the laboratory until now...
- Gene conversion is a convergent strategy for pathogen antigenic variation
Guy H Palmer
Programs in Vector borne Diseases and Genomics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Trends Parasitol 23:408-13. 2007
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- Genomic and proteomic approaches to vaccine candidate identification for Anaplasma marginale
Kelly A Brayton
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 7040, USA
Expert Rev Vaccines 5:95-101. 2006
..These data were mapped back to the annotated A. marginale genome and have identified several new outer membrane proteins that are vaccine candidates...
- Stochastic transmission of multiple genotypically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains in a herd with high prevalence of Anaplasma infection
Guy H Palmer
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
J Clin Microbiol 42:5381-4. 2004
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- Complete genome sequence of Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale
David R Herndon
Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
J Bacteriol 192:379-80. 2010
..marginale strains. The comparison markedly narrows the number of outer membrane protein candidates for development of a safer inactivated vaccine and provides insight into the diversity among strains of senso lato A. marginale...
- Simultaneous variation of the immunodominant outer membrane proteins, MSP2 and MSP3, during anaplasma marginale persistence in vivo
Kelly A Brayton
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 71:6627-32. 2003
..marginale followed by emergence of unique variants indicates that the switch rates and immune selection for MSP2 and MSP3 are sufficiently similar to explain the cyclic bacteremia observed during infection in the immunocompetent host...
- Genome-wide screening and identification of antigens for rickettsial vaccine development
Guy H Palmer
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and The Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 64:115-9. 2012
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Babesia bovis: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of plastid-encoded genes supports green algal origin of apicoplastsAudrey O T Lau
Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Exp Parasitol 123:236-43. 2009
..The results also substantiate earlier findings that plastids found in Heterokonts such as Odontella and Thalassiosira were derived from a separate secondary endosymbiotic event likely originating from a red algal lineage...
- Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica leukotoxin utilizes CD18 as its receptor on bighorn sheep leukocytes
Weiguo Liu
Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
J Wildl Dis 43:75-81. 2007
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- Comparison of ovine herpesvirus 2 genomes isolated from domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and a clinically affected cow (Bos bovis)
Naomi S Taus
Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, PO Box 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 6630, USA
J Gen Virol 88:40-5. 2007
..Polymorphism in ORF73 was due primarily to variability in the G/E-rich repetitive central region of the ORF...
- Cloning and comparison of bighorn sheep CD18 with that of domestic sheep, goats, cattle, humans and mice
Weiguo Liu
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 402 Bustad Hall, PO Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
Vet Immunol Immunopathol 110:11-6. 2006
..Availability of cloned bighorn sheep CD18 cDNA should allow the molecular characterization of M. haemolytica Lkt-receptor interactions in bighorn sheep and other ruminants that are susceptible to this disease...
- Sequence variation and immunologic cross-reactivity among Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 proteins from vaccine strains and vaccine breakthrough isolates
Tanya LeRoith
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 73:5388-94. 2005
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- The hypervariable region of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (MSP2) contains multiple immunodominant CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes that elicit variant-specific proliferative and IFN-gamma responses in MSP2 vaccinates
Wendy C Brown
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
J Immunol 170:3790-8. 2003
..Antigenic variation in MSP2 Th cell and B cell epitopes may contribute to immune evasion that allows long-term persistence of A. marginale in the mammalian reservoir...
- Temporal characterisation of the organ-specific Rhipicephalus microplus transcriptional response to Anaplasma marginale infection
Ricardo F Mercado-Curiel
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Int J Parasitol 41:851-60. 2011
..The small set of predominantly hypothetical genes regulated by infection suggests that A. marginale is affecting a novel set of tick genes and may provide new opportunities for blocking transmission from the tick...
- Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic position of Theileria equi
Lowell S Kappmeyer
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 7030, USA
BMC Genomics 13:603. 2012
..equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites...
- Characterization of a novel microcin that kills enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O26
Lauren J Eberhart
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
Appl Environ Microbiol 78:6592-9. 2012
..The ability to inhibit a diversity of E. coli strains indicates that this microcin may influence gut community composition and could be useful for control of important enteric pathogens...
- A processed pseudogene contributes to apparent mule deer prion gene heterogeneity
Kelly A Brayton
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Gene 326:167-73. 2004
..Therefore, selection of a genotyping method specific for the functional gene is critical for large-scale studies to identify the role of the PRNP gene in susceptibility to CWD in mule deer...
- Expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 operon-associated proteins during mammalian and arthropod infection
CHRISTIANE V LOHR
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 70:6005-12. 2002
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- Comparative genomics and transcriptomics of trait-gene association
Sebastian Aguilar Pierle
Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Paul G, Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 7040, USA
BMC Genomics 13:669. 2012
..abstract:..
- Carriage of stx2a differentiates clinical and bovine-biased strains of Escherichia coli O157
Smriti Shringi
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
PLoS ONE 7:e51572. 2012
..This project was designed to identify bacteriophage-mediated differences that may affect the virulence of CG and BBG...
- Conservation of the unique rickettsial rRNA gene arrangement in Anaplasma
Fred R Rurangirwa
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1405-9. 2002
..In contrast, the fmt gene located upstream of the 23S rRNA gene in most Rickettsia spp. is not maintained in A. marginale, consistent with the fmt arrangement being a relatively late event in the evolution of rickettsial species...
- Conservation of a gene conversion mechanism in two distantly related paralogues of Anaplasma marginale
Patrick F M Meeus
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32611 0880, USA
Mol Microbiol 47:633-43. 2003
..A. marginale thus maintains two large, separate systems within its small genome to generate antigenic variation of its surface proteins, while analogous structural elements indicate a common mechanism...
- Characterization of a major outer membrane protein multigene family in Ehrlichia ruminantium
Henriette van Heerden
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rand Afrikaans University, P O Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
Gene 330:159-68. 2004
..All 16 map1 paralogs were transcriptionally active in E. ruminantium grown in endothelial cells and paralogs with short intergenic spaces were co-transcribed with their adjacent genes...
- The genome of the heartwater agent Ehrlichia ruminantium contains multiple tandem repeats of actively variable copy number
Nicola E Collins
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:838-43. 2005
..Rather then being the result of the reductive evolution seen in other intracellular bacteria, these pseudogenes appear to be the product of ongoing sequence duplication events...
- Identification of a novel Anaplasma marginale appendage-associated protein that localizes with actin filaments during intraerythrocytic infection
Roger W Stich
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Infect Immun 72:7257-64. 2004
..Understanding how this protein influences the cycle of invasion, replication, and egress in the host cell may provide new insights into pathogen-host interactions...
