Paolo Boffetta

..To review the epidemiologic literature on styrene and cancer...

..Therefore, we investigated the association of smoking water-pipe and chewing nass (a mixture of tobacco, lime and ash) with prevalent HD...

..Due to the current lack of data and the imperative need to guide policymakers on issues of cancer prevention and control, we aim to estimate the role of alcohol on the cancer burden in China in 2005...

..This framework offered the opportunity to investigate the role of tobacco smoking in the development of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), a rare form of lung cancer...

..The overarching goal is the integration of different types of biomarkers to derive risk and outcome profiles for healthy individuals as well as patients...

..An open forum to discuss the opportunities and challenges of large-scale cohorts and their consortia was held in June 2009 in Banff, Canada, and is summarized in this report...

..To investigate the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Central and Eastern Europe in relation to exposure to known and suspected carcinogenic metals...

..The acetaldehyde level should be monitored and high-level exposure should be avoided...

..The Indian subcontinent has among the highest rates of hypopharyngeal cancer worldwide. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between the Indian diet and hypopharyngeal cancer...

..However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the OGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphisms play minor roles in lung carcinogenesis...

..While some of these associations are consistent with previous studies, we cannot rule out the possibility of false-positive associations. The positive findings should be explored in another large-scale study on UADT cancers...

..Jobs entailing exposure to suspected lung carcinogens should receive priority in future studies among women. Nonferrous metal dust and fumes and silica may exert a carcinogenic effect independently from smoking...

..An increased risk of lung cancers among asphalt workers has been suggested in epidemiological studies based on large scale statistical analyses...

..02). These results implicate two variants at 4q21 and 12q24 and further highlight three ADH variants in UADT cancer susceptibility...

..A synergistic interaction between tobacco and alcohol was observed for the risk of esophageal SCC, highlighting the importance of both factors for esophageal cancers in Central and Eastern Europe...

..Preventive efforts to encourage current smokers to quit are likely to be the most effective way to reduce the incidence of laryngeal cancer in this region...

..Three recent studies have reported a decreased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) for high ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure...

..The authors identified a more consistent association with exposure to live animals...

..Although as much as 74% of the Indian population relies on solid fuels for cooking, very little information is available on cancer risk associated with these fuels in India...

....

....

..g. by forcing nearby stem cells to divide before they have repaired their own DNA damage from tobacco smoke). If so, reducing the rate of apoptosis by reducing CHEK2 activity could be protective-although not smoking would be far more so...

..However, a definite conclusion can only be drawn on replication by different studies among individuals who are highly exposed to IR...

....

..To estimate the lung cancer risk attributable to occupational lung carcinogens...

..This substantial reduction in risk among former smokers confirms that lung cancer mortality in Central Europe over the next three decades will be determined by the extent to which current smokers can successfully quit smoking...

..016). The susceptibility region contains two genes, TERT and CLPTM1L, suggesting that one or both may have a role in lung cancer etiology...

..0002 and 0.065, respectively). Both gene effects were independent of each other, implying that multiple ADH genes may be involved in upper aerodigestive cancer etiology...

..However, inconsistent results from many studies have not been able to conclusively establish an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk...

..Our results support the hypothesis that there is a role for dietary intervention to improve survival of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients...

..These data provide strong evidence for a substantial protective effect of cruciferous vegetable consumption on lung cancer...

..The elevated pancreatic cancer risk in young patients observed among several types of cancer implies a role of genetic factors. Radiotherapy is also suggested as a risk factor...

....

..The objective of this study is to assess the risk of second primary cancers following a first primary esophageal cancer as well as the risk of esophageal cancer as a second primary, following first primary cancers of other sites...

..Occupational exposure to meat does not appear to represent an important risk factor of lymphoma, although an increased risk of specific types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cannot be excluded...

..Recommendations for future studies include pooling of individual data to facilitate evaluation of multigenic effects and detailed analysis of effect modification by environmental exposure...

....

..The high SIR found for liver cancer may be explained by misclassification bias. Common etiological factors may be involved in ocular and prostate cancers...

..26 (95% CI = 1.06-9.95). SULT1A1 Arg213His polymorphism showed a marginal protective effect. These findings suggest that individual susceptibility to bladder cancer may be modulated by GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms...

..We have evaluated the HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) prevalence as well as the association between serological response to HPV infection and HNSCC in two distinct populations from Central Europe (CE) and Latin America (LA)...

..The epidemiologic evidence is evaluated as limited because most studies lack adequate control for potential confounders and only a few studies have reported on exposure-response relationships...

..To investigate the contribution of occupational exposure to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) to lung cancer in high-risk populations in Europe...

..The magnitude of risk conferred by the interaction between tobacco and alcohol use on the risk of head and neck cancers is not clear because studies have used various methods to quantify the excess head and neck cancer burden...

..To study the risk of second primary cancers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and the risk of NPC as second primary cancer...

..However, it is unclear how many years must pass following cessation of these habits before the risk is reduced, and whether the risk ultimately declines to the level of never smokers or never drinkers...

..Light alcohol intake appears to be associated to ESCC mainly in studies in Asia, which suggests a possible role of genetic susceptibility factors...

..Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess whether these associations were robust to assumptions in the exposure assessment for which support could not be obtained due to lack of either measurements or direct observations...

..07 [1.01-1.14] for 1 standard deviation increase in IGF-I). Overall, data from our present study and previous prospective studies combined indicate a relatively modest association of colorectal cancer risk with serum IGF-I...

..The increased risk associated with dairy products, preserved vegetables, and red meat provides clues to the high rates of kidney cancer in this population...

..Data on risk factors of CVD in this country are limited. The presented study investigated risk factors of self-reported CVD within the Polish- Norwegian Study (PONS)...

..This study provides further evidence for an inverse association between history of eczema and lung cancer risk, which is unlikely to be due to chance, bias, or confounding...

..These patterns were consistent with the notion that the pattern of cancer in survivors of head and neck cancer is dominated by the effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking...

..These results confirm a role for the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in CRC risk, independent of serum 25OHD concentration and dietary calcium intake...

..These results show the feasibility of quantifying N2-ethyl-dGuo in small-volume blood samples and are consistent with the hypothesis that ethanol contributes to carcinogenesis through DNA adducts formation...

..To perform a quantitative estimate of the proportion of cancers attributable to occupational exposures in France in 2000...

....

..18, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.59). These results indicate that periodontal disease (as indicated by poor condition of the mouth and missing teeth) and daily mouthwash use may be independent causes of cancers of the head, neck, and esophagus...

..1 and lung cancer, and suggest nAChRs to be theranostic targets for cancer detection and chemoprevention...

..Cigar and pipe smoking is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. The lower cancer risk of cigar and pipe smokers as compared to cigarette smokers is explained by lesser degree of inhalation and lower smoking intensity...

..The results conclusively show that single gene GST polymorphisms do not confer a substantial risk of breast cancer to its carriers. Furthermore, GSTs did not interact with smoking or reproductive history to modify cancer risk...

..Alcohol consumption before the first primary tumor was a risk factor for SPT of the UADT. The study suggested a protective role of citrus fruits in the development of a lung SPT...

..To investigate the association between exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that arises during asphalt paving, and risk of bladder cancer...

....

....

..However, three CDH1 polymorphisms in the same haplotype block, including the CDH1-160C/A, interacted with smoking to increase GC risk in smokers but not in never smokers. These findings should be confirmed in larger independent studies...

..Inhalation of bitumen fumes is potentially carcinogenic to humans...

..The authors investigated the role played by the hypermethylation of 4 cancer-related genes in the survival of patients who had laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and in the occurrence of second primary tumors...

..These results provide further evidence for an increased risk of specific cancers in patients with sarcoidosis, but do not support any additional increase in overall cancer risk...

..B vitamins and factors related to 1-carbon metabolism help to maintain DNA integrity and regulate gene expression and may affect cancer risk...

..This study provides a proof of principle that genetic variation plays a role in antibody reactivity to HPV infection...

..We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the interaction of HBV and HCV infection and cigarette smoking on the risk of HCC...

..Sexual contact may be the means by which head and neck cancer patients are exposed to human papillomavirus (HPV)...

..The results of this large-scale European study did not support an association between tobacco and NHL and suggested a protective effect of alcohol on development of NHL for men and in non-Mediterranean countries...

..Animal carcinogenicity studies strongly support clinical results. Cancer risk of smokeless tobacco users is probably lower than that of smokers, but higher than that of non-tobacco users...

..Tobacco smoking is a plausible explanation of the association between pancreatic and lung cancer; the association with kidney cancer likely reflects additional common etiologic and pathogenetic factors of the two neoplasms...

..A meta-analysis was made of studies addressing occupational exposure to vinyl chloride in relation to cancer mortality...

..With the exception of lung cancer, the risk remained elevated during the entire follow-up. This study provides no evidence of a protective effect of uric acid. Hyperuricemia may be an early manifestation of the carcinogenic process...

..Therefore, it is possible that some of these results reflect the carcinogenicity of occupational exposures, including animal viruses, solar or ionizing radiations and anesthetics...

....

..e., a time elapsed between blood drawing and disease onset lower than 36 months. This was particularly true for COPD deaths (OR = 12.7; 95% CI = 1.57-103) and leukemia (OR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.20-4.67)...

..Although our estimates are based on simplified assumptions, the burden of alcohol-associated cancer appears to be substantial and needs to be considered when making public health recommendations on alcohol drinking...

..The results are limited by the use of job and industry titles as proxies for occupational exposures...

..The objective of this study was to document cancer mortality among American butchers...

..Alcohol consumption is increasing in many countries and is an important cause of cancer worldwide...