G M Verleden

..Improvement of the assessment of asthma severity is definitely needed and may lead to more appropriate use of asthma medication...

..The aim of this study is to characterize and quantify pulmonary myeloid DC subsets in small airways of current and ex-smokers with or without COPD...

..Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the leading cause of late mortality after lung transplantation...

..We report the concomitant stabilization of FEV(1) and decrease in eNO after changing from CyA to FK therapy in patients with chronic rejection after lung transplantation...

..Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is increased in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation. However, the accuracy of eNO measurements in diagnosing BOS is unknown...

..The diseased native lung after single lung transplantation probably does not contribute much to the exhaled nitric oxide values, either in stable lung transplant patients or in lung transplant patients with chronic rejection...

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..Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) remains the leading cause of death after lung transplantation. Treatment is difficult, although azithromycin has recently been shown to improve FEV(1). The exact mechanism of action is unclear...

..This case report illustrates that bronchiectasis may greatly improve after treatment with azithromycin and no longer needs to be considered an endstage finding in patients with severe BOS...

..We therefore conducted an open, uncontrolled study to look at the effect of cyclophosphamide rescue therapy in the treatment of chronic rejection in lung transplant recipients...

..We hypothesized that cigarette smoking would reduce the eNO level in steroid-naive asthmatics and might, therefore, affect the correlation between eNO and airway hyperresponsiveness...

..We hypothesized that CRP in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid might be associated with airway inflammation or remodeling. Therefore, it could play a role in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS)...

..IL6, IL1beta and IL23 seem to be skewing cytokines and IL2 a counteracting cytokine for T(H)17 alignment. The involvement of TGF-beta could not be confirmed, either as T(H)17 steering or as counteracting cytokine...

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..050) over time. Open-label azithromycin for BOS improved FEV₁ in 52.2% patients. No serious adverse events were noted. Azithromycin prophylaxis attenuates local and systemic inflammation, improves FEV₁ and reduces BOS 2 yrs after LTx...

..We hypothesized that in Ltx, systemic inflammation may be associated with airway inflammation, which has an important role in the development of chronic allograft dysfunction or bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after LTx...

..In BOS patients, these phenomena may explain the anti-inflammatory effects of azithromycin...

..This effect is probably mediated through a 5-HT1-like receptor; however, the exact subtype remains to be elucidated...

..A possible mechanism could be a modulation of both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. These findings might suggest a potential role for azithromycin in the treatment of IPF...

..These findings suggest that interleukin-17 is important in the pathophysiology of acute lung rejection...

..Measuring condensate pH might thus be a new tool for the evaluation of rejection in lung transplant patients...

..Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproteases are involved in initiating colonization, and immune complexes directed against these proteases may activate innate immune responses...

..It is to our knowledge, the first publication describing FB after lung transplantation (LTx), presenting as chronic allograft dysfunction or bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS)...

..Pepsin was a more general marker and bile acids a more specific marker that might be associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Proton pump inhibitor treatment did not prevent nonacid reflux and gastric aspiration...

..Transient airway colonization, especially with Pseudomonas-like GN bacteria, in stable LTx patients may be associated with IL8-dependent neutrophilic airway inflammation and a, albeit subtle, decrease in FEV(1)...

..We conclude that patients who do not or no longer respond to azithromycin may benefit from TLI, as suggested by a decreased rate in decline of the FEV(1)...

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..These findings may be important for the further development of new anti-inflammatory drugs...

..These novel findings support further evaluation of recombinant lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin to protect the lung against tissue-damaging pro-inflammatory responses following ischaemia-reperfusion...

..Despite a rapid diagnosis of VZV infection and treatment with acyclovir, his situation deteriorated within 24 hours and while awaiting an urgent liver transplantation, he developed multiple organ failure and died...

..Moreover, it demonstrates that this condition is not always related to allograft rejection, but rather may be induced by non-immunologic factors, which remain to be further investigated...

..These findings suggest that 5-HT facilitates cholinergic contraction in human airways in vitro through stimulation of both prejunctional 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. This may implicate a role of 5-HT in asthma...

..The main research questions were: 1) How active are LTx-candidates in daily life? 2) What are determinants of activity behavior before LTX?..

..This case highlights the increased risk for uncommon respiratory infections in lung transplant patients and examines the specific management of listeria pleuritis...

..The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of exhaled NO levels for the diagnosis of asthma...

..We investigated whether gastric aspiration and airway colonization with P aeruginosa after LTx are associated...

..Azithromycin may reverse or halt the decline of pulmonary function (FEV(1)) in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). In this study we investigated the effects of long-term azithromycin treatment in lung transplant recipients with BOS...

..Antifungal treatment and surgery of residual skin lesions was necessary to cure the infections. With this report, we aim at highlighting the importance of dermatological control of patients post lung transplantation...

..0001). The risk for LB after lung transplantation increased with temporal changes in particulate air pollution, and this was associated with BAL neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. Azithromycin was protective against this PM effect...

..These observations strengthen the arguments that IBD is a systemic disease. Further research is needed to try to explain the significance of an increased eNO in IBD...

..We evaluated the effects of a shortened asthma self-management program on asthma knowledge, morbidity and asthma-related behaviour in a group of moderate to severe adult asthmatics...

..This study has also shown that N-acetylcysteine decreases the interleukin-1beta-induced production of reactive oxygen species, as suggested by a reduction in the 8-isoprostane production...

..After resolution of the infection, both FVC (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 became surprisingly better, due to fibrosis of the affected lobe, compatible with infection-induced volume reduction of the native lung...

..CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus may be the immunosuppressant of choice after solid organ transplantation in patients with problems related to gastric motor dysfunction...

..Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) reflects heme oxygenase-1 activity in response to oxidative stress. We investigated whether airway neutrophilia and eCO levels are associated in stable LTx recipients...

..The present review intends to give the scientific evidence for these two subtypes, and to clarify the role of azithromycin in the treatment of BOS...

..Airway colonization in stable patients had no effect on airway inflammatory parameters, BFR and FEV1...

..Data in lung transplantation (LTx) are lacking. We hypothesized that baseline plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) CRP might be prognostic for the long-term outcome after LTx...

..Recently, it has been suggested that reactive oxygen species may also play an important role in the pathogenesis because they are known to induce smooth muscle proliferation...

..Extending the preharvest interval in NHBD would facilitate distant organ retrieval. We hypothesized that prolonged topical cooling inside NHBD after 60 minutes of initial warm ischemia would not affect the pulmonary graft...

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..933). CONCLUSIONS: IL-1beta in BLF prior to reperfusion correlated well with graft function and may therefore be a useful, non-invasive marker that can predict the viability of the pulmonary graft from the NHBD...

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..We investigated the impact and timing of administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on inflammatory parameters...

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..1%) in our donor network is 10-20% higher than reported figures. The number of lung transplants in our center doubled by accepting extended criteria donors. This policy did not negatively influence our results after lung transplantation...

..Formation of microthrombi after circulatory arrest, however, is a major concern for the development of reperfusion injury. We looked at the effect and the best route of pulmonary flush following topical cooling in NHBD...

..We investigated the possible therapeutic effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a potent anti-oxidative agent on IRI in a porcine ex vivo lung reperfusion model...

..Finally, we have demonstrated that interim ex vivo evaluation of NHBD lungs is a valid and safe method to assess graft function...

..In this study we review cryptococcosis, which should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cellulitis in transplant recipients...

..The ideal preservation method during the warm ischemic period in the non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) remains unclear. In this study we compare the protective effect of ventilation vs cooling of the non-perfused pulmonary graft...

..The presence of postmortem thrombi, however, is a concern for the development of primary graft dysfunction. In this isolated lung reperfusion study, we looked at the need and the best route of preharvest pulmonary flush...

..We hypothesised that the agonal phase prior to cardiac death may negatively influence the quality of the pulmonary graft recovered from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs). Different modes of death were compared in an experimental model...

..05, n = 10 and 23 +/- 7%, P < 0.05, n = 12). We conclude that p38 MAPK, JNK kinase, ERK and NF-kappaB are involved in the IL-1beta-induced eotaxin, MCP-1, and MCP-3 expression and release in HASMC...

..Azithromycin should be further investigated as a novel drug to prevent lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury...

..We also found that p38MAPK, JNK, p42/p44 ERK and NF-kappaB play an important role in IL-17--induced IL-8 production in HASMC in vitro. This may open up new opportunities for further treatment of this disease...

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..This article aims to update the current evidence from the literature to identify and select potential lung donors and to manage cadaveric donors to maximally increase the organ yield for lung transplantation...

..48; p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that BAL macrophages and lymphocytes increase significantly during warm ischemia and correlate with IL-1beta levels...

..NAC might be a promising tool to protect the pulmonary graft from both controlled and uncontrolled NHBD...

..Techniques for NHBD lung preservation and pretransplant functional assessment are reviewed. Ethical issues involved in transplanting lungs from asystolic donors are discussed...

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..This study further supports the use of lungs from NHBD for pulmonary transplantation...

..Nevertheless, airway anastomotic complications (AC) are still a potential cause of early morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective cohort study we looked at possible predictors of AC within the first year after LTx...