Research Topics
Species | Dirk HermansSummaryAffiliation: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Country: Belgium Publications
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Publications
Affective priming as an indirect measure of food preferences acquired through odor conditioningDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Exp Psychol 52:180-6. 2005..A reversed pattern was present for negative targets. Based on these findings, it is suggested that affective priming might be used as a demand-free measure of evaluative learning...- Reduced autobiographical memory specificity as an avoidant coping styleDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Br J Clin Psychol 44:583-9. 2005..Previous studies suggest that reduced autobiographical memory specificity might serve as a way of regulating affect. This study examined the relationship between autobiographical memory specificity and avoidant coping... 
Overgeneral autobiographical memory predicts diagnostic status in depressionDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 46:668-77. 2008..These memory variables outperformed other relevant indices, such as depression severity, rumination, level of self-esteem and dysfunctional attitudes...- Cognitive confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder: distrusting perception, attention and memoryDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 46:98-113. 2008..In addition, it was observed that cognitive distrust while performing OCD-related actions not only extends to attention, but also to perception. It is argued that research on metacognition in OCD should move beyond the study of memory... - Priming associations between bodily sensations and catastrophic misinterpretations: Specific for panic disorder?Dirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 48:900-8. 2010..Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed... - Autobiographical memory specificity and affect regulation: coping with a negative life eventDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Depress Anxiety 25:787-92. 2008..The correlational nature of this study limits to some extent the conclusions that can be drawn. The results offer support for the affect-regulation account of reduced autobiographical memory specificity... - Is overgeneral autobiographical memory an isolated memory phenomenon in major depression?Filip Raes
University of Leuven, Belgium
Memory 14:584-94. 2006..Furthermore, in line with Ramponi et al. (2004), rumination was found to be related to both overgeneral AM and poor source memory... - Exposure to the context and removing the unpredictability of the US: two methods to reduce contextual anxiety comparedRiet Fonteyne
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Biol Psychol 85:361-9. 2010.... - Reinstatement of conditioned responses in human differential fear conditioningTrinette Dirikx
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 38:237-51. 2007..Clinical implications and suggestions for further research are discussed... - Stronger renewal in human fear conditioning when tested with an acquisition retrieval cue than with an extinction retrieval cueDebora Vansteenwegen
Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Behaviour Therapy, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 44:1717-25. 2006..As expected, renewal of conditioned electro-dermal responding and retrospective expectancy ratings was strongest in the acquisition-cue group. Theoretical and clinical implications of this finding are discussed... - On the mediating role of subtypes of rumination in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressed mood: brooding versus reflectionFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Depress Anxiety 25:1067-70. 2008..We examined the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between emotional abuse and depression, focusing on two subtypes of rumination: reflection versus brooding... - Contextual fear induced by unpredictability in a human fear conditioning preparation is related to the chronic expectation of a threatening USDebora Vansteenwegen
University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Biol Psychol 77:39-46. 2008..This last finding suggests that a chronic expectation of the threatening US is responsible for sustained levels of anxiety in unpredictable situations... - The development of cued versus contextual conditioning in a predictable and an unpredictable human fear conditioning preparationCarlos Iberico
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Acta Psychol (Amst) 127:593-600. 2008..This gradual development and the evidence for the role of US-expectancy in contextual fear add to the idea that cued and contextual fear rely on the same basic associative processes... - Preexposure to (un)predictable shock modulates discriminative fear learning between cue and context: an investigation of the interaction between fear and anxietyAnn Meulders
Research Group on Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Department of Psychology, Belgium
Int J Psychophysiol 84:180-7. 2012..We argue that prior experiences of unpredictability may still contribute to the development of clinical anxiety, by impeding adaptive fear learning and perpetuating the perception of unpredictability/uncontrollability... - Expectancy bias in a selective conditioning procedure: trait anxiety increases the threat value of a blocked stimulusYannick Boddez
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 43:832-7. 2012..Accordingly, the blocking procedure is well suited as a laboratory model for studying (deficits in) selective threat appraisal. The present study tested the relation between trait anxiety and blocking in human aversive conditioning... - Return of fear in a human differential conditioning paradigm caused by a stimulus change after extinctionBram Vervliet
Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Behaviour Therapy, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 43:357-71. 2005..This observation points to a differential impact of stimulus change after acquisition vs. extinction treatment. The findings are discussed from the theoretical perspective of renewal and the clinical perspective of Return of Fear... - On the nature of the affective priming effect: effects of stimulus onset asynchrony and congruency proportion in naming and evaluative categorizationAdriaan Spruyt
University of Leuven, Belgium
Mem Cognit 35:95-106. 2007.... - Reinstatement of extinguished conditioned responses and negative stimulus valence as a pathway to return of fear in humansTrinette Dirikx
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
Learn Mem 11:549-54. 2004..These data provide clear evidence for reinstatement and for the role of negative stimulus valence in the return of conditioned responding after extinction... - Worry as a predictor of fear acquisition in a nonclinical sampleEls Joos
University of Leuven, Belgium
Behav Modif 36:723-50. 2012..These associations could not be fully explained by trait anxiety. US inflation and strengthening of the CS-US contingency through rehearsal are discussed as possible underlying mechanisms... - Reducing cognitive vulnerability to depression: a preliminary investigation of MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) in inpatients with depressive symptomatologyFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 40:24-38. 2009..These results suggest that the MEST may offer a potential and promising intervention to tackle a core cognitive process involved in depression and depressive vulnerability... - Non-ruminative processing reduces overgeneral autobiographical memory retrieval in studentsFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 46:748-56. 2008.... - Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory: a mediator between rumination and ineffective social problem-solving in major depression?Filip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
J Affect Disord 87:331-5. 2005..The present study investigated the role of reduced specificity of autobiographical memories as a mediator of this relationship... - Return of fear in a human differential conditioning paradigm caused by a return to the original acquistion contextDebora Vansteenwegen
Department of Psychology, Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Behaviour Therapy, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Leuven B 3000, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 43:323-36. 2005..Several theoretical explanations for this type of return of fear as well as implications for clinical practice are discussed... - Reduced autobiographical memory specificity and rumination in predicting the course of depressionFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
J Abnorm Psychol 115:699-704. 2006..Further mediation analyses indeed revealed support for rumination as a mediator of the relation between reduced AM specificity and poor outcome of depression... - The repeated confrontation with videotapes of spiders in multiple contexts attenuates renewal of fear in spider-anxious studentsDebora Vansteenwegen
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 45:1169-79. 2007..Implications for exposure therapy are discussed... - Reality monitoring and metacognitive beliefs related to cognitive confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorderDirk Hermans
University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 41:383-401. 2003..The whole of these data do not support memory deficit models of OCD, but are in line with recent emphasis on the importance of memory confidence and other meta-cognitive beliefs in OCD... 
Extinction and renewal of Pavlovian modulation in human sequential Feature Positive discrimination learningFrank Baeyens
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Learn Mem 12:178-92. 2005..This evidences aba-renewal of extinguished modulation...- Affective priming of naming responses does not depend on stimulus repetitionAdriaan Spruyt
Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Can J Exp Psychol 62:237-41. 2008..Results show that affective priming of naming responses does not depend on stimulus repetition... - Deficits in acquisition and extinction of conditioned responses in mGluR7 knockout miceHannelore Goddyn
Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Neurobiol Learn Mem 90:103-11. 2008..The observed delays in the acquisition of complicated stimulus associations across conditioning procedures may suggest a critical role for mGluR7 in neurocognitive functions and psychopathology... - Associations between components of rumination and autobiographical memory specificity as measured by a Minimal Instructions Autobiographical Memory TestElise Debeer
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 box 3712, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Memory 17:892-903. 2009..Further it was found that brooding, and not reflection, is significantly associated with reduced autobiographical memory specificity and functions as a mediator between reduced memory specificity and depression... - A picture-flavour paradigm for studying complex conditioning processes in food preference learningInneke Kerkhof
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Appetite 53:303-8. 2009..Hence, our adaptation constitutes a good alternative for the original procedure. It moreover allows investigating a broader range of topics in food preference learning... - Reducing chronic anxiety by making the threatening event predictable: an experimental approachRiet Fonteyne
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 47:830-9. 2009..The data suggest that making unpredictable events, such as for example panic attacks, predictable, may reduce the generalized and sustained anxiety that often complicates exposure treatment... - Overgeneral memory predicts stability of short-term outcome of electroconvulsive therapy for depressionFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
J ECT 24:81-3. 2008..To investigate the predictive value of overgeneral memory (OGM) for outcome of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression... - Non-differential return of fear in humans after a reinstatement procedureTrinette Dirikx
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Acta Psychol (Amst) 130:175-82. 2009..An increase in 'conditioned' responding was also observed for the control stimulus. This interesting observation will be discussed against the background of a number of recent theoretical conceptualizations of reinstatement... - A sentence completion procedure as an alternative to the Autobiographical Memory Test for assessing overgeneral memory in non-clinical populationsFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Memory 15:495-507. 2007..Study 2 further showed that this enhanced sensitivity is most likely due to the omission of the instruction to be specific rather than to the SCEPT's sentence completion format (as opposed to free recall to cue words)... - Automatic non-associative semantic priming: episodic affective priming of naming responsesAdriaan Spruyt
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Leuven B 3000, Belgium
Acta Psychol (Amst) 116:39-54. 2004..This finding indicates that mere affective overlap is sufficient to produce automatic priming. As such, our results are in line with theoretical accounts of automatic priming that are based on semantic relatedness... - Reinstatement of fear responses in human aversive conditioningDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 43:533-51. 2005..These findings constitute a first demonstration of reinstatement of conditioned fear responses in humans. Implications for exposure treatment and suggestions for future research are discussed... - Determinants and predictive validity of direct and indirect measures of recently acquired food attitudesFilip Verhulst
Department of Psychology, Center for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B 3000 Belgium
Appetite 46:137-43. 2006..The latter finding, however, emerged only when food attitudes were based on sensory liking... - Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional abuseFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Br J Clin Psychol 44:133-8. 2005..Examined the relationship between trauma and memory specificity and the importance in this of level of support received... - Trauma and autobiographical memory specificity in depressed inpatientsDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 42:775-89. 2004..The results are discussed in the context of a functional hypothesis about the developmental relations between memory specificity, trauma and depression... - Verbal, behavioural and physiological assessment of the generalization of exposure-based fear reduction in a spider-anxious populationDebora Vansteenwegen
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 45:291-300. 2007.... - Autobiographical memory specificity and affect regulation: an experimental approachFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Emotion 3:201-6. 2003..Results are discussed within the affect-regulation model. It is suggested that future research take a more functional perspective on AM specificity... - Rumination relates to reduced autobiographical memory specificity in formerly depressed patients following a self-discrepancy challenge: the case of autobiographical memory specificity reactivityFilip Raes
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 43:1002-7. 2012..The present study tested whether a challenge procedure that induces a self-discrepancy focus can elicit an association between trait rumination and rAMS in formerly depressed participants... - Stimulus generalization and return of fear in C57BL/6J miceYannick Boddez
Department of Psychology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
Front Behav Neurosci 6:41. 2012..Arguably, such research will open up new perspectives for neurobiological therapy augmentation... - Post-acquisition repetitive thought in fear conditioning: an experimental investigation of the effect of CS-US-rehearsalEls Joos
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box 3712, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 43:737-44. 2012..Therefore, the current study investigates the impact of rehearsing an acquired CS-US-contingency on subsequent conditioned fear responding... - Effect of self-discrepancy on specificity of autobiographical memory retrievalHanne Schoofs
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Memory 20:63-72. 2012..The findings are discussed in terms of the self-memory system (SMS) as a conceptual framework of autobiographical memory (Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000)... - Negative bias in the perception of others' facial emotional expressions in major depression: the role of depressive ruminationFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
J Nerv Ment Dis 194:796-9. 2006.... - Concurrent excitors limit the extinction of conditioned fear in humansBram Vervliet
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensenstraat 102, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 45:375-83. 2007..We argue that pharmacological, behavioral and/or cognitive manipulations that could prevent configural processing of stimulus constellations have direct clinical potential... - Differential acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of conditioned suppression in miceTrinette Dirikx
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 60:1313-20. 2007..A differential return of conditioned responding was observed in the reinstatement group, but not in the control group. The implications of these findings for future conditioning research are discussed... - Affect 4.0: a free software package for implementing psychological and psychophysiological experimentsAdriaan Spruyt
University of Leuven, Belgium
Exp Psychol 57:36-45. 2010..e., semirandomized and response-contingent) sequences. Affect 4.0 is capable of registering response latencies and analog behavioral input with millisecond accuracy. Affect 4.0 is available free of charge... - Repeated cue exposure effects on subjective and physiological indices of chocolate cravingDinska Van Gucht
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Appetite 50:19-24. 2008..These results provide evidence for the effects of cue exposure treatment in chocolate craving... - Context-dependent activation of reduced autobiographical memory specificity as an avoidant coping styleElise Debeer
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Emotion 11:1500-6. 2011..The data confirm that OGM can be considered as part of a broader avoidant coping style. However, more importantly, they show that, at least in nonclinical individuals, the activation of this coping style may depend on the context... - Autobiographical memory specificity and trauma in inpatient adolescentsAn de Decker
University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 32:22-31. 2003..The results are reconcilable with Williams' (1996) developmental idea that a pattern of overgeneral AM retrieval originates in childhood trauma as a way of regulating affect... - The hide-and-seek of retrospective revaluation: recovery from blocking is context dependent in human causal learningYannick Boddez
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 37:230-40. 2011..We discuss these findings in the light of associative and propositional learning theories... - Counterconditioning: an effective technique for changing conditioned preferencesInneke Kerkhof
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Exp Psychol 58:31-8. 2011..A follow-up valence assessment revealed that all these effects persisted after a 7-day delay period... - The Dutch version of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS): psychometric properties and factor structureFilip Raes
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 41:246-50. 2010.... - An exploration of affective priming as an indirect measure of food attitudesSabine Lamote
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Leuven 3000, Belgium
Appetite 42:279-86. 2004..No differential sensitivity for attitudes of moderate or extreme evaluative meaning could be demonstrated, however. The implications for future research and the applicability of this indirect index of food (dis)likes are discussed... - On the replicability of the affective priming effect in the pronunciation taskAdriaan Spruyt
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Exp Psychol 51:109-15. 2004..We report the results of a nearly exact replication of Bargh et al.'s (1996) Experiment 2. In line with previous replication studies, we failed to detect the affective priming effect... - Rating data are underrated: validity of US expectancy in human fear conditioningYannick Boddez
Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 44:201-6. 2013..We provide an evaluation of a commonly used subjective measure in the human fear conditioning paradigm, namely the US-expectancy measurement... - Generalization of conditioned responding: effects of autobiographical memory specificityBert Lenaert
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 43:S60-6. 2012..Participants low in autobiographical memory specificity exhibited significantly stronger conditioned responses to GSs as compared to participants high in autobiographical memory specificity... - Relationship between cognitive avoidant coping and changes in overgeneral autobiographical memory retrieval following an acute stressorElise Debeer
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 box 3712, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 43:S37-42. 2012..The results of the present experiment provide further support for functional avoidance as one of the mechanisms underlying overgeneral memory... - Reduced memory specificity predicts the acquisition of problem solving skills in psychoeducationTom Van Daele
Policy Research Centre Welfare, Health and Family, University of Leuven, Belgium
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 44:135-40. 2013..The present study was designed to investigate whether the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams, & Broadbent, 1986) is a valid predictor for the actual unfolding of skills learned through psychoeducation... - Unconscious semantic activation depends on feature-specific attention allocationAdriaan Spruyt
Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
Cognition 122:91-5. 2012..Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that unconscious activation of (affective) semantic information is modulated by feature-specific attention allocation... - Counterconditioning reduces cue-induced craving and actual cue-elicited consumptionDinska Van Gucht
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Leuven, Belgium
Emotion 10:688-95. 2010..These results suggest that counterconditioning may be more promising than cue exposure for the prevention of relapse in addictive behavior... - Affective priming with subliminally presented picturesDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Can J Exp Psychol 57:97-114. 2003..These reverse priming effects are situated within a series of recent similar findings, and implications for theories of affective priming are discussed... - Extinction in human fear conditioningDirk Hermans
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Biol Psychiatry 60:361-8. 2006.... - Unintentional processing of motivational valenceAgnes Moors
Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Q J Exp Psychol A 58:1043-63. 2005..Nevertheless, strong affective priming effects were found in both studies. These results provide additional support for the claim that motivational valence can be processed without the conscious intention to do so... - Expectancy-learning and evaluative learning in human classical conditioning: affective priming as an indirect and unobtrusive measure of conditioned stimulus valenceDirk Hermans
Department of Psychology, Centre for Learning Theories and Behaviour Therapy, University of Leuven, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 40:217-34. 2002..Finally, imagery instructions during acquisition did not facilitate expectancy-learning nor evaluative learning... - Affective priming of nonaffective semantic categorization responsesAdriaan Spruyt
Ghent University, Belgium
Exp Psychol 54:44-53. 2007.... - The role of extinction and reinstatement in attentional bias to threat: a conditioning approachStefaan Van Damme
Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Behav Res Ther 44:1555-63. 2006..This biased attention largely disappeared during extinction. During the reinstatement phase attentional bias to threat signals re-emerged in the reinstatement group, but not in the control group... - Implicit attitude towards pictures of back-stressing activities in pain-free subjects and patients with low back pain: an affective priming studyLiesbet Goubert
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Eur J Pain 7:33-42. 2003..The implications for the prevention of negative attitudes towards back-stressing activities in non-clinical and clinical samples are discussed...