E De Clercq

Summary

Affiliation: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Country: Belgium

Publications

  1. ncbi Establishment of a novel CCR5 and CXCR4 expressing CD4+ cell line which is highly sensitive to HIV and suitable for high-throughput evaluation of CCR5 and CXCR4 antagonists
    Katrien Princen
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Retrovirology 1:2. 2004
  2. ncbi Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits the development of Coxsackie B3-virus-induced myocarditis in mice
    Elizaveta Padalko
    Laboratory of Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    BMC Microbiol 3:25. 2003
  3. ncbi The bicyclam AMD3100 story
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Nat Rev Drug Discov 2:581-7. 2003
  4. ncbi Highly potent and selective inhibition of varicella-zoster virus replication by bicyclic furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Med Res Rev 23:253-74. 2003
  5. ncbi Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): past, present, and future
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, B 3000 Leuven
    Chem Biodivers 1:44-64. 2004
  6. ncbi Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000, Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 55:1-13. 2002
  7. ncbi Highlights in the development of new antiviral agents
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, B 3000, Belgium
    Mini Rev Med Chem 2:163-75. 2002
  8. ncbi New anti-HIV agents and targets
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Med Res Rev 22:531-65. 2002
  9. ncbi Strategies in the design of antiviral drugs
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Nat Rev Drug Discov 1:13-25. 2002
  10. ncbi Hamao Umezawa Memorial Award Lecture: "An Odyssey in the Viral Chemotherapy Field"
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Int J Antimicrob Agents 18:309-28. 2001

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications190 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Establishment of a novel CCR5 and CXCR4 expressing CD4+ cell line which is highly sensitive to HIV and suitable for high-throughput evaluation of CCR5 and CXCR4 antagonists
    Katrien Princen
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Retrovirology 1:2. 2004
    ..Here, we describe the establishment of a novel CD4+ cell line, U87.CD4.CCR5.CXCR4, stably expressing both CCR5 and CXCR4 at the cell surface...
  2. ncbi Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits the development of Coxsackie B3-virus-induced myocarditis in mice
    Elizaveta Padalko
    Laboratory of Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    BMC Microbiol 3:25. 2003
    ..We therefore studied whether MMF, which is thus endowed with a direct antiviral as well as immunosuppressive effect, may prevent CBV-induced myocarditis in a murine model...
  3. ncbi The bicyclam AMD3100 story
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Nat Rev Drug Discov 2:581-7. 2003
    ..Here, I describe the development process of AMD3100, which began about 15 years ago with the isolation of an impurity, and the basis for the clinical application of AMD3100 and its congeners...
  4. ncbi Highly potent and selective inhibition of varicella-zoster virus replication by bicyclic furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Med Res Rev 23:253-74. 2003
    ..Further development of the furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues as new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of VZV infections (i.e., varicella and herpes zoster) seems highly justified...
  5. ncbi Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): past, present, and future
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, B 3000 Leuven
    Chem Biodivers 1:44-64. 2004
    ..NNRTIs have acquired a definitive position, as part of a combination regimen with NRTIs and NtRTIs, in the first-line treatment of HIV-1 infections...
  6. ncbi Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000, Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 55:1-13. 2002
    ....
  7. ncbi Highlights in the development of new antiviral agents
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, B 3000, Belgium
    Mini Rev Med Chem 2:163-75. 2002
    ....
  8. ncbi New anti-HIV agents and targets
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Med Res Rev 22:531-65. 2002
    ..e., azapeptidic (atazanavir)) or non-peptidic scaffold (i.e., cyclic urea (mozenavir), 4-hydroxy-2-pyrone (tipranavir)). Non-peptidic PIs may be expected to inhibit HIV mutant strains that have become resistant to peptidomimetic PIs...
  9. ncbi Strategies in the design of antiviral drugs
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Nat Rev Drug Discov 1:13-25. 2002
    ..Here, I describe the rationale behind current and future drug-based strategies for combating viral infections...
  10. ncbi Hamao Umezawa Memorial Award Lecture: "An Odyssey in the Viral Chemotherapy Field"
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Int J Antimicrob Agents 18:309-28. 2001
    ....
  11. ncbi Inhibition of HIV infection by CXCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptor antagonists
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Antivir Chem Chemother 12:19-31. 2001
    ....
  12. ncbi New developments in anti-HIV chemotherapy
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Curr Med Chem 8:1543-72. 2001
    ....
  13. ncbi Carbocyclic adenosine analogues as S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors and antiviral agents: recent advances
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Nucleosides Nucleotides 17:625-34. 1998
    ..They also interfere with the replication of human immunodeficiency virus through inhibition of the Tat transactivation process...
  14. ncbi Antiviral drugs: current state of the art
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000, Leuven, Belgium
    J Clin Virol 22:73-89. 2001
    ....
  15. ncbi New developments in anti-HIV chemotherapy
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Farmaco 56:3-12. 2001
    ..Given the multitude of molecular targets with which anti-HIV agents can interact, one should be cautious in extrapolating from cell-free enzymatic assays to the mode of action of these agents in intact cells...
  16. ncbi Vaccinia virus inhibitors as a paradigm for the chemotherapy of poxvirus infections
    E De Clercq
    Division of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Clin Microbiol Rev 14:382-97. 2001
    ..Anecdotal experience points to the efficacy of cidofovir in the treatment of the poxvirus infections molluscum contagiosum and orf (ecthyma contagiosum) in immunosuppressed patients...
  17. ncbi 2001 ASPET Otto Krayer Award Lecture. Molecular targets for antiviral agents
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 297:1-10. 2001
    ..g., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)] and hemorrhagic fever viruses (such as Ebola virus)...
  18. ncbi Inhibition of HIV infection by bicyclams, highly potent and specific CXCR4 antagonists
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 57:833-9. 2000
    ..It is the most specific and most potent CXCR4 antagonist that has been described to date...
  19. ncbi The emerging role of fusion inhibitors in HIV infection
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Drugs R D 2:321-31. 1999
    ..The proof-of-concept that fusion inhibitors should be able to suppress viral replication in vivo has been demonstrated with pentafuside. Pentafuside and AMD 3100 have now proceeded to phase II clinical trials...
  20. ncbi Clinical potential of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir in treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Clin Microbiol Rev 16:569-96. 2003
    ....
  21. ncbi Nucleoside analogues exerting antiviral activity through a non-nucleoside mechanism
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
    Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 23:457-70. 2004
    ..e. bicyclic furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as well as HEPT and TSAO derivatives) that act against either HCMV or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through a non-nucleoside mode of action...
  22. ncbi Antiviral potential of a new generation of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, the 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidines
    Erik De Clercq
    Address correspondence to Erik De Clercq, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B 3000, Belgium
    Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 24:331-41. 2005
    ..The 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidines offer substantial potential for the treatment of a broad range of retro-, hepadna-, herpes-, adeno-, and poxvirus infections...
  23. ncbi Antiviral drug discovery and development: where chemistry meets with biomedicine
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 67:56-75. 2005
    ....
  24. ncbi New approaches toward anti-HIV chemotherapy
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
    J Med Chem 48:1297-313. 2005
  25. ncbi Interferon and its inducers--a never-ending story: "old" and "new" data in a new perspective
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
    J Infect Dis 194:S19-26. 2006
  26. ncbi The next ten stories on antiviral drug discovery (part E): advents, advances, and adventures
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Med Res Rev 31:118-60. 2011
    ....
  27. ncbi Discovery and development of BVDU (brivudin) as a therapeutic for the treatment of herpes zoster
    E De Clercq
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Biochem Pharmacol 68:2301-15. 2004
    ....
  28. ncbi Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: a key class of antiviral drugs
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Nat Rev Drug Discov 4:928-40. 2005
    ....
  29. ncbi Perspectives for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infections
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Int J Antimicrob Agents 12:81-95. 1999
    ....
  30. ncbi (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU)
    Erik De Clercq
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Med Res Rev 25:1-20. 2005
    ..Numerous BVDU analogues have been described that, when equipped with this particular pharmacophore, demonstrate an activity spectrum characteristic of BVDU, including selective anti-VZV activity...
  31. ncbi Antiviral drugs in current clinical use
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    J Clin Virol 30:115-33. 2004
    ....
  32. ncbi Antivirals and antiviral strategies
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Nat Rev Microbiol 2:704-20. 2004
    ..Here, the virus infections for which antiviral therapy is needed and the compounds that are available, or are being developed, for the treatment of these infections are described...
  33. ncbi Therapeutic potential of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues against poxvirus infections
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Rev Med Virol 14:289-300. 2004
    ..e. as 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir...
  34. ncbi HIV-chemotherapy and -prophylaxis: new drugs, leads and approaches
    Erik De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:1800-22. 2004
    ..Taken together, it is obvious that the approaches for the treatment of HIV infections in recent years have become both more diverse and more efficient...
  35. ncbi A second target for the peptoid Tat/transactivation response element inhibitor CGP64222: inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by blocking CXC-chemokine receptor 4-mediated virus entry
    D Daelemans
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 57:116-24. 2000
    ..Mechanism of action studies revealed that CGP64222 can inhibit the HIV replicative cycle, also through a selective interaction with the CXC-chemokine receptor 4 coreceptor...
  36. ncbi 6-[2-phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidines: a new class of acyclic pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonates with antiviral activity
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 23:1321-7. 2004
    ..The HPMPO-, PMEO- and PMPO-DAPym derivatives represent a novel well-defined subclass among the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates endowed with potent and selective antiviral activity...
  37. ncbi Phosphonylmethoxyethyl purine derivatives, a new class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents
    R Pauwels
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:1025-30. 1988
    ..Unlike 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine, these compounds were not found to be degraded by deaminases derived from bovine intestine...
  38. ncbi SRR-SB3, a disulfide-containing macrolide that inhibits a late stage of the replicative cycle of human immunodeficiency virus
    M Witvrouw
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:262-8. 1997
    ..Time-of-addition experiments indicated that SRR-SB3 acts at a late stage of the HIV-1 replicative cycle...
  39. ncbi S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors interfere with the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through inhibition of the LTR transactivation
    D Daelemans
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universtiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 52:1157-63. 1997
    ..Our results suggest that AdoHcy hydrolase and the associated S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation mechanism play a role in the process of long terminal repeat transactivation and, hence, HIV replication...
  40. ncbi Conversion of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddA) and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (d4A) to their corresponding aryloxyphosphoramidate derivatives markedly potentiates their activity against human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    FEBS Lett 410:324-8. 1997
    ..Both Cf 1001 and Cf 1093 were equally efficient as 3TC (lamivudine) in inhibiting HBV replication in hepatocytes, and rank among the most potent HIV and HBV inhibitors reported so far in cell culture...
  41. ncbi Antiretrovirus specificity and intracellular metabolism of 2',3' -didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (stavudine) and its 5'-monophosphate triester prodrug So324
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 50:1207-13. 1996
    ..Alanyl d4T-MP may be considered to be an intracellular depot form of d4T and/or d4T-MP, which may account for the superior antiretroviral activity of the lipophilic d4T-MP triester So324 compared with d4T...
  42. ncbi 9-[(2RS)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] derivatives of purines: a class of highly selective antiretroviral agents in vitro and in vivo
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:4961-5. 1991
    ..The DNA chain-terminating properties of PMEApp and (RS)-FPMPApp seem to be a prerequisite for acyclic nucleoside phosphonates to exhibit antiretrovirus (i.e., anti-HIV) activity...
  43. ncbi Differential antiherpesvirus and antiretrovirus effects of the (S) and (R) enantiomers of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: potent and selective in vitro and in vivo antiretrovirus activities of (R)-9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute of Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:332-8. 1993
    ..In addition, upon oral administration to MSV-infected mice, (R)-PMPDAP showed marked antiretroviral efficacy...
  44. ncbi CD26-processed RANTES(3-68), but not intact RANTES, has potent anti-HIV-1 activity
    D Schols
    Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 39:175-87. 1998
    ..CD4.CCR5 cells (IC50: 13 nM). These observations point to an important role of CD26-mediated processing of RANTES in inhibiting the replication of CCR5-binding HIV strains in HIV-infected persons and in preventing the development of AIDS...
  45. ncbi Retention of marked sensitivity to (S)-4-isopropoxycarbonyl-6-methoxy-3-(methylthiomethyl)-3,4-di hydroquin oxaline-2(1H)-thione (HBY 097) by an azidothymidine (AZT)-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain subcultured in the combined
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Biochem Pharmacol 55:617-25. 1998
    ..Given the exquisite potency of a concomitant combination of 3TC and HBY 097 in suppressing virus replication, this drug combination should be further pursued in clinical trials in HIV-1-infected individuals...
  46. ncbi Intracellular metabolism of the N7-substituted acyclic nucleoside analog 2-amino-7-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)purine, a potent inhibitor of herpesvirus replication
    J Neyts
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 53:157-65. 1998
    ..S2242 was found to be a substrate (K(m) = 90 microM) for purified human deoxyguanosine kinase; the latter enzyme was stimulated 3-4-fold in HCMV-infected cells...
  47. ncbi The novel immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil markedly potentiates the antiherpesvirus activities of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir in vitro and in vivo
    J Neyts
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42:216-22. 1998
    ..These observations may have clinical implications (i) for those transplant recipients who receive both MMF and either ACV, GCV, or PCV and (ii) for the treatment of ACV-resistant mucocutaneous HSV infections...
  48. ncbi Site-directed mutagenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase at amino acid position 138
    H Pelemans
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
    Virology 280:97-106. 2001
    ....
  49. ncbi Highly favorable antiviral activity and resistance profile of the novel thiocarboxanilide pentenyloxy ether derivatives UC-781 and UC-82 as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 50:394-401. 1996
    ....
  50. ncbi The antiherpesvirus activity of H2G [(R)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine] is markedly enhanced by the novel immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil
    J Neyts
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42:3285-9. 1998
    ....
  51. ncbi Comparative cytostatic activity of different antiherpetic drugs against herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene-transfected tumor cells
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 45:1253-8. 1994
    ..e., resistance to hydrolysis by thymidine phosphorylase)...
  52. ncbi Inhibition of T-tropic HIV strains by selective antagonization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4
    D Schols
    Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
    J Exp Med 186:1383-8. 1997
    ..The bicyclams are, to our knowledge, the first low molecular weight anti-HIV agents shown to act as potent and selective CXCR4 antagonists...
  53. ncbi Suppression of the breakthrough of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cell culture by thiocarboxanilide derivatives when used individually or in combination with other HIV-1-specific inhibitors (i.e., TSAO derivatives)
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:5470-4. 1995
    ....
  54. ncbi Mutations in the non-nucleoside binding-pocket interfere with the multi-nucleoside resistance phenotype
    K Van Laethem
    Rega Institute for Medical Research and University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    AIDS 15:553-61. 2001
    ..CONCLUSION: Changes in the non-nucleoside binding pocket must affect the conformation of residues at the dNTP binding site, and can result in a partial phenotypic reversal of the multi-nucleoside resistance phenotype...
  55. ncbi In vitro selection of drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) mutants (OKA strain): differences between acyclovir and penciclovir?
    G Andrei
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 61:181-7. 2004
    ..Our data thus indicate that ACV and PCV select in vitro for different drug-resistant VZV phenotypes; whether this is also the situation in vivo remains to be investigated...
  56. ncbi Processing by CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV reduces the chemotactic and anti-HIV-1 activity of stromal-cell-derived factor-1alpha
    P Proost
    Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
    FEBS Lett 432:73-6. 1998
    ..In contrast to CD26/DPP IV-processed RANTES(3-68), SDF-1alpha(3-68) had diminished potency to inhibit HIV-1 infection. Thus, CD26/DPP IV impairs the inflammatory and haematopoietic potency of chemokines but plays a dual role in AIDS...
  57. ncbi Potentiating effect of ribavirin on the anti-retrovirus activity of 3'-azido-2,6-diaminopurine-2',3'-dideoxyriboside in vitro and in vivo
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 11:161-71. 1989
    ..A slight increase in the in vivo toxicity of AzddDAPR was noted when combined with ribavirin...
  58. ncbi Potentiating effect of ribavirin on the in vitro and in vivo antiretrovirus activities of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine and 2',3'-dideoxy-2,6-diaminopurine riboside
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:1140-7. 1990
    ..These observations point to the potential role of ribavirin in potentiating the anti-HIV activity of DDI in AIDS patients...
  59. ncbi Antiretroviral efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oral bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine in mice
    L Naesens
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42:1568-73. 1998
    ....
  60. ncbi A novel animal model for hemangiomas: inhibition of hemangioma development by the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470
    S Liekens
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
    Cancer Res 59:2376-83. 1999
    ..i. The model described here may be useful for investigating (a) the angiogenic mechanism(s) underlying hemangioma progression; and (b) the effect of anti-angiogenic compounds on vascular tumor growth...
  61. ncbi Marked in vivo antiretrovirus activity of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, a selective anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:332-6. 1989
    ....
  62. ncbi Prevalence and characteristics of multinucleoside-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among European patients receiving combinations of nucleoside analogues
    K Van Vaerenbergh
    Rega Institute for Medical Research and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44:2109-17. 2000
    ..MNR HIV-1 is found only among multinucleoside-experienced patients. Its prevalence is low in Europe, but it should be closely monitored since it seriously limits treatment options...
  63. ncbi Intracellular metabolism of CycloSaligenyl 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxythymidine monophosphate, a prodrug of 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxythymidine (zidovudine)
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 56:1354-61. 1999
    ....
  64. ncbi Viral entry as the primary target for the anti-HIV activity of chicoric acid and its tetra-acetyl esters
    W Pluymers
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 58:641-8. 2000
    ..Although inhibition of HIV integrase activity by L-CA and its derivatives was confirmed in an oligonucleotide-driven assay, integrase carrying the G140S mutation was inhibited to the same extent as the wild-type integrase...
  65. ncbi Efficacy of oral 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (PMEDAP) in the treatment of retrovirus and cytomegalovirus infections in mice
    L Naesens
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    J Med Virol 39:167-72. 1993
    ..Oral PMEDAP at doses of 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg resulted in plasma PMEDAP levels of 0.5-2.5 micrograms/ml, which were sustained for 3 or 6 hours after administration and may account for the high antiviral efficacy achieved...
  66. ncbi Potent, selective and cell-mediated inhibition of human herpesvirus 6 at an early stage of viral replication by the non-nucleoside compound CMV423
    Leen De Bolle
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
    Biochem Pharmacol 67:325-36. 2004
    ..We, therefore, conclude that CMV423 exerts its activity against HHV-6 through inhibition of a cellular process that is critical at early stages of viral replication and that may affect protein tyrosine kinase activity...
  67. ncbi Broad-spectrum antiviral and cytocidal activity of cyclopentenylcytosine, a carbocyclic nucleoside targeted at CTP synthetase
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Biochem Pharmacol 41:1821-9. 1991
    ..Ce-Cyd should be further pursued, as such and in combination with OMP decarboxylase inhibitors, for its therapeutic potential in the treatment of both viral and neoplastic diseases...
  68. ncbi Comparison of the LiPA HIV-1 RT test, selective PCR and direct solid phase sequencing for the detection of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations
    J C Schmit
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    J Virol Methods 73:77-82. 1998
    ..Overall, there was a 73 to 100% concordance between the three methods. In this study, LiPA HIV-1 RT proved to be an accurate and reliable alternative to DNA sequencing for the detection of drug resistance mutations in patient samples...
  69. ncbi Anti-retrovirus activity of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) in vivo increases when it is less frequently administered
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Int J Cancer 46:337-40. 1990
    ..This unique property makes PMEA an attractive candidate for the treatment of retrovirus infections, including AIDS...
  70. ncbi Concomitant combination therapy for HIV infection preferable over sequential therapy with 3TC and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:13152-7. 1996
    ..In contrast with the sequential chemotherapy, concomitant combination treatment of HIV-1-infected cells with 3TC and a variety of NNRTIs resulted in a dramatic delay of virus breakthrough and resistance development...
  71. ncbi Antiretroviral activity and pharmacokinetics in mice of oral bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, the bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) ester prodrug of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine
    L Naesens
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium lieve naesens rega kuleuven ac be
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40:22-8. 1996
    ..Bis(POM)-PMEA appears to be an efficient oral prodrug of PMEA that deserves further clinical evaluation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals...
  72. ncbi Hydroxyurea potentiates the antiherpesvirus activities of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside and nucleoside phosphonate analogs
    J Neyts
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:2885-92. 1999
    ..The possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed...
  73. ncbi Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by a dual CCR5/CXCR4 antagonist
    Katrien Princen
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
    J Virol 78:12996-3006. 2004
    ..AMD3451 is the first low-molecular-weight anti-HIV agent with selective HIV coreceptor, CCR5 and CXCR4, interaction...
  74. ncbi The thiazolobenzimidazole TBZE-029 inhibits enterovirus replication by targeting a short region immediately downstream from motif C in the nonstructural protein 2C
    Armando M De Palma
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    J Virol 82:4720-30. 2008
    ..The ATPase activity of 2C, however, remained unaltered in the presence of TBZE-029...
  75. ncbi Inhibition of the replication of the DNA polymerase M550V mutation variant of human hepatitis B virus by adefovir, tenofovir, L-FMAU, DAPD, penciclovir and lobucavir
    C Ying
    Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    J Viral Hepat 7:161-5. 2000
    ..All compounds were found to be almost equally effective at inhibiting HBV replication in HepAD38 cells (as in HepG2 2.2.15 cells), except for penciclovir, which was clearly less effective in HepAD38 cells...
  76. ncbi Efficacy of (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine for the treatment of lethal vaccinia virus infections in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice
    J Neyts
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    J Med Virol 41:242-6. 1993
    ..HPMPC may be considered as a drug candidate for the treatment and prophylaxis of such complications...
  77. ncbi Mutation of Gln125 to Asn selectively abolishes the thymidylate kinase activity of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase
    B Degreve
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 59:285-93. 2001
    ..e., 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylthymine and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil]...
  78. ncbi Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: past, present and future. Bridging chemistry to HIV, HBV, HCV, HPV, adeno-, herpes-, and poxvirus infections: the phosphonate bridge
    E De Clercq
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Biochem Pharmacol 73:911-22. 2007
    ..e. PMPO-DAPy, PMEO-DAPy, HPMPO-DAPy) and cyclic nucleoside phosphonates (i.e. PMDTA, PMDTT, GS9148) have been accredited with an antiviral potency and selectivity similar to those of cidofovir, adefovir and/or tenofovir...
  79. ncbi (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)cytosine in the therapy of thymidine kinase-positive and -deficient herpes simplex virus experimental keratitis
    P C Maudgal
    Eye Research Laboratory, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:1816-20. 1991
    ..In the treatment of keratitis caused by the HSV-1 TK- strain, 0.2% BVDU eyedrops were similar to placebo; 0.2% HPMPC eyedrops again had a brisk and significant healing effect (P less than 0.005)...
  80. ncbi Role of the human herpesvirus 6 u69-encoded kinase in the phosphorylation of ganciclovir
    Leen De Bolle
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 62:714-21. 2002
    ..Our results indicate that the limited phosphorylation of ganciclovir by pU69 may contribute to its modest antiviral activity against HHV-6 in certain cell systems...
  81. ncbi Specific recognition of the bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogs, a new class of highly potent and selective inhibitors of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), by the VZV-encoded thymidine kinase
    Rebecca Sienaert
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 61:249-54. 2002
    ..Our observations may account for the unprecedented specificity of BCNAs as anti-VZV agents...
  82. ncbi Novel human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inhibitors that have a dual mode of anti-HIV action
    Miguel Stevens
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:3109-16. 2003
    ....
  83. ncbi Pronounced in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity of 5-substituted 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy] pyrimidines
    Jan Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    J Antimicrob Chemother 59:80-6. 2007
    ..To discover new potent and selective anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) drugs with in vivo antiretroviral activity...
  84. ncbi Differential patterns of intracellular metabolism of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine, two potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus compounds
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    J Biol Chem 264:6127-33. 1989
    ..The 5'-triphosphates of AZT and D4T are equipotent in their inhibitory effects on the reverse transcriptases from human immunodeficiency virus and Moloney murine leukemia virus...
  85. ncbi Diverging binding capacities of natural LD78beta isoforms of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha to the CC chemokine receptors 1, 3 and 5 affect their anti-HIV-1 activity and chemotactic potencies for neutrophils and eosinophils
    S Struyf
    Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Eur J Immunol 31:2170-8. 2001
    ..Taken together, both LD78beta isoforms are potent HIV-1 inhibitors (CCR5) and activators for neutrophils (CCR1) and eosinophils (CCR1, CCR3), affecting infection and inflammation...
  86. ncbi Dual infection with polyomavirus BK and acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus successfully treated with cidofovir in a bone marrow transplant recipient
    G Andrei
    Laboratory of Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K U Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Transpl Infect Dis 9:126-31. 2007
    ..In addition, we describe here that this HSV-1 isolate possesses a unique phenotype and genotype...
  87. ncbi Recovery of humoral immunity is critical for successful antiviral therapy in disseminated mouse adenovirus type 1 infection
    L Lenaerts
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:1462-71. 2008
    ....
  88. ncbi Effects of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl-purine and -pyrimidine derivatives on TK+ and TK- HSV-1 keratitis in rabbits
    P C Maudgal
    Eye Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Clinic, Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 16:93-100. 1991
    ..005, compared with placebo eyedrops). Although PMEA eyedrops were less effective than HPMPA or HPMPC eyedrops, the effect of PMEA eyedrops was significantly (P less than 0.05) different from the effect of either BVDU or placebo eyedrops...
  89. ncbi Mouse adenovirus type 1 infection in SCID mice: an experimental model for antiviral therapy of systemic adenovirus infections
    L Lenaerts
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Division of Virology and Chemotherapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:4689-99. 2005
    ..These findings suggest that complete virus clearance during antiviral therapy for disseminated adenovirus infection may require an efficient adaptive immune response from the host...
  90. ncbi Antiretroviral activities of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine, (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine, and MDL 74,968] in cell cultures and murine sarcoma virus-infected newborn NM
    J Balzarini
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:611-6. 1997
    ..Treatment of the NMRI mice with PMEA, (R)-PMPA, and MDL 74,968 at 25 or 50 mg/kg resulted in a high percentage of long-term survivors...
  91. ncbi Enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity and altered chemotactic potency of NH2-terminally processed macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) imply an additional MDC receptor
    S Struyf
    Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
    J Immunol 161:2672-5. 1998
    ..These findings suggest that MDC recognizes another, yet unidentified, receptor. We conclude that minimal NH2-terminal truncation of MDC differentially affects its various immunologic functions...
  92. ncbi Infection of SCID mice with Montana Myotis leukoencephalitis virus as a model for flavivirus encephalitis
    Nathalie Charlier
    Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
    J Gen Virol 83:1887-96. 2002
    ..This validates the MMLV model for use in antiviral drug studies. The MMLV SCID model may, therefore, be attractive for the study of chemoprophylactic or chemotherapeutic strategies against flavivirus infections causing encephalitis...
  93. ncbi Susceptibility of feline immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase chimeras to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors
    Joeri Auwerx
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Mol Pharmacol 65:244-51. 2004
    ....
  94. ncbi Human herpesvirus 6 DNA polymerase: enzymatic parameters, sensitivity to ganciclovir and determination of the role of the A961V mutation in HHV-6 ganciclovir resistance
    Leen De Bolle
    Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 64:17-25. 2004
    ..From our experiments presented here, we conclude that the pU69 M(318)V amino acid substitution rather than the A(961)V substitution in HHV-6 DNA polymerase, is responsible for the ganciclovir-resistant phenotype...
  95. ncbi Multiple mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrase confer resistance to the clinical trial drug S-1360
    Valery Fikkert
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    AIDS 18:2019-28. 2004
    ..Integrase-chimeric virus technology confirmed that the integrase mutations are indeed fully responsible for the resistance phenotype of IIIB/S-1360...
  96. ncbi Development of resistance against diketo derivatives of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by progressive accumulation of integrase mutations
    Valery Fikkert
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
    J Virol 77:11459-70. 2003
    ..As to the replication kinetics of the selected strains, the replication fitness for all strains was lower than that of the wild-type HIV-1 strain...
  97. ncbi Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration by diketo derivatives
    Wim Pluymers
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Belgium
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:3292-7. 2002
    ..In cell culture, addition of L-708,906 could be postponed for 7 h after infection, a moment coinciding with HIV integration. Inhibition of integration in cell culture was confirmed by quantitative Alu-PCR...
  98. ncbi A pyrazolotriazolopyrimidinamine inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication that targets the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
    Jan Paeshuyse
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
    Antiviral Res 82:141-7. 2009
    ..It is concluded that LZ37 interacts with the same binding site as BPIP or VP32947 at the top of the finger domain of the polymerase that is a "hot spot" for inhibition of pestivirus replication...
  99. ncbi Cidofovir resistance in vaccinia virus is linked to diminished virulence in mice
    Graciela Andrei
    Laboratory of Virology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
    J Virol 80:9391-401. 2006
    ..Our studies show that proposed drug therapies offer a reasonable likelihood of controlling orthopoxvirus infections, even if the viruses encode drug resistance markers...
  100. ncbi The discovery of antiviral agents: ten different compounds, ten different stories
    Erik De Clercq
    Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Med Res Rev 28:929-53. 2008
    ....
  101. ncbi Potent anti-HIV (type 1 and type 2) activity of polyoxometalates: structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action
    M Witvrouw
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium, USA
    J Med Chem 43:778-83. 2000
    ....