Norbert H Lameire

..Finally, some information on the influence of gene polymorphisms on the prognosis of acute renal failure is given...

..These recent survival results show that even over a long follow-up time, PD, at least in patients who are starting RRT in a planned way, has the same survival as patients starting on chronic hemodialysis...

..However, there is, albeit largely indirect, evidence that adhering to CPGs is associated with improvement in dialysis care and even patient outcomes...

..Ultimately, the key to managing ARF in cancer patients is to ensure that a multidisciplinary approach provides adequate assessment, appropriate preventative measures and early intervention...

..The solutions at normal pH containing either bicarbonate or a mixture of bicarbonate/lactate were clinically associated with less inflow pain...

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..More recently, genetically modified mice have been used as an important tool to investigate the molecular basis of peritoneal changes during dialysis and during acute peritonitis...

..The postischemic kidney also shows a dramatic capacity for recovery. The molecular mechanisms and the effect of growth factors are also summarized...

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..Initiating dialysis in AKI should be based on clinical criteria and not on serum creatinine or another serum/urine-based biomarker...

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..The drugs discussed are cisplatin, methotrexate, ifosfamide, citumixab and panitumumab, mitocin C and gemcitabine and antiangiogenesis drugs...

..These results support a policy of peritoneal dialysis as the first dialysis modality in a program of integral care...

..Unscrutinized use of these biomarkers may distract from adequate clinical evaluation and carries the risk of worse instead of better patient outcome...

..Initiation and/or continuation of dialysis in the AKI cancer patient should be based on the general clinical condition and overall life expectancy and the personal patient expectations on quality of life after eventual recovery...

..The last factor could explain why some single centre studies did find an impact of dialysis dose on the survival of these patients whereas multi-centre studies did not...

..To achieve these goals, academic and nonacademic training centers, which often consider peritoneal dialysis to be a low-level priority, must invest in research and training related to peritoneal dialysis...

..The overall structure of the health care in an individual country is to a large extent determining the use of a renal replacement therapy modality...

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..Chronic exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) affects the peritoneum, but precise causative factors are incompletely understood. We examined the effects of standard and new PDF on peritoneal function and structure...

..The present study examined the effects of prophylactic antibiotics on infection rate and peritoneal membrane function and structure in a rat model of chronic dialysate exposure...

..We investigated whether antagonism of RAGE prevents uraemia-induced peritoneal fibrosis. In addition, we examined whether myofibroblast transdifferentiation of mesothelial cells contributes to peritoneal fibrosis in uraemia...

..The influence of hyperhomocysteinemia on EDHF is unknown. The present in vivo study evaluates the integrity of the EDHF pathway in the renal microcirculation of rats with acute and chronic hyperhomocysteinemia...

..We found that infection with an antimicrobial-resistant organism did not adversely affect clinical outcome in this specific cohort, which already has a high mortality rate...

..The present study investigates the effects of creatine supplementation on tHcy in a vitamin-repleted chronic hemodialysis population...

..The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of a single dose of sodium bicarbonate and THAM in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with mild metabolic acidosis...

..This model allows initiating specific therapeutic measures earlier in the course of sepsis, hopefully resulting in a lower incidence of ARF and needi for RRT, thereby lowering mortality...

..Bicarbonate-buffered pH-neutral PDF with low GDP contents have fewer depressant effects and may therefore contribute to a better preservation of peritoneal host defense...

..The use of a heparin-coated catheter in combination with antibiotics may be the optimal approach to obtaining peritoneal access in animal models of chronic dialysate exposure...

..We examined the potential of the low-GDP bicarbonate/lactate-buffered solution to reverse or reduce standard PDF-induced peritoneal alterations...

..On the other hand, progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in the remnant kidney have been associated with loss of VEGF expression...

..In the present study, we investigated whether contamination of the unused dialysate with uremic solutes occurred and at which time point it began. Two different dialysate temperatures were compared...

..Cirrhosis is complicated by splanchnic vasodilation. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin contribute to this. Vascular hyporesponsiveness has been reported, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear...

..Creatine supplementation down-regulates its endogenous synthesis and, thus, may reduce Hcy production. The present study investigates the effect of creatine supplementation on Hcy concentrations in an animal model of uremia...

..Neoangiogenesis and the resultant loss of ultrafiltration capacity are mediated by different pathogenetic pathways...

..Nevertheless, the outcome was not influenced by the presence of bloodstream infection. The high mortality observed in ARF patients could therefore not be attributed to the higher incidence of bloodstream infection...

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..The aim is to evaluate the effects of sildenafil on the systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics in an experimental model of cirrhosis...

..The aim of this study was to compare the outcome between critically ill medical patients with and without haematological malignancies who received RRT for acute renal failure...

..The present study examines the contribution of gap junctional communication to the EDHF-mediated responses in the rat renal microcirculation in vivo and addresses the physiological role of EDHF...

..Creatine is widely used as an ergogenic nutritional supplement in sportsmen. This study investigates the effect of creatine supplementation on MHC expression in the setting of uremic myopathy...

..Clinical studies, however, still need to demonstrate their superiority with respect to the incidence of PD-related peritonitis...

..Recent evidence points to the possibility that infiltration of the kidney with bone-marrow-derived stem cells contributes to the repair process. The molecular mechanisms and the effect of growth factors are summarized...

..Lactate-buffered non-glucose containing PDF has substantial inhibitory effects on leukocyte recruitment, indicating that the bioincompatibility of high lactate concentrations and/or low pH may not be underestimated...

..Uremic biologic fluids and several specific uremic retention solutes alter cell-mediated immune responses, as well as the interaction of calcitriol with the immune system...

..05). CONCLUSIONS:Creatine supplementation at a dosage of 2% w/w for 4 weeks does not impair kidney function in animals with pre-existing renal failure or in control animals...

..Interventions to stimulate the recovery process of the damaged kidney with growth factors, although theoretically sound, have thus far not led to successful results...

..No severe complications related to PD were seen. In view of the important impact of RRF and nutrition on patient outcome, our data may favor an early start of PD...

..Ex vivo gene therapy involves harvesting peritoneum samples to isolate mesothelial cells that will be genetically modified before re-implantation into the peritoneal cavity...

..Gastroparesis might be, at least partially, a source of dyspeptic complaints in PD patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the presence and composition of dialysate on gastric emptying in PD patients...

..A collective effort to discuss the shortcomings and merits of the different experimental models may lead to a consensus on a standardized animal model of PD...

..We investigated long-term functional and structural renal changes in the Goto-Kakizaki rat to evaluate if this animal model resembles the changes observed in human diabetic kidney disease...

..The paper will also point out some important practice points to avoid deterioration of residual renal function in PD patients, such as strict sodium diet and good glycemic control, that are also key to maintaining a good fluid balance...

..The present study visualises in vivo structural changes (angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability) and examines the presence of VEGF and eNOS in the mesenteric microvasculature of animal models of PHT with and without cirrhosis...

..It should always be considered that, due to sodium sieving over the ultrasmall pores, fluid and salt removal are not always concordant...

..Biological purity of dialysis water is considered as one of the primary conditions to deliver optimal haemodialysis...

..As dialysis costs increase, the ability to provide unrestricted access to dialysis treatment may be unsustainable. To aid in decision-making processes, nephrologists must be aware of financial and organizational issues...

..We investigated the effect of peginterferon-alpha2a (PegIFN-alpha(2a)) in vivo on the leukocyte recruitment in the mesenteric microcirculation of cirrhotic rats after lipopolysaccharide exposure...

..The PET is not able to discriminate between FTS because of inflammation versus because of anatomic reasons, whereas the PDC test does...

..Also, the cut-off level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from which cardiovascular risk increases has not exactly been established. This study wants to address these questions...

..This article analyses the impact of this intervention on the blood and dialysate flows and on the removal of retention products...

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..The question is raised whether density differences cause this separation, and what the relative contributions of temperature and solute content are...

..The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of age on and the risk factors for in-hospital mortality...

..In all cases, patients should have a free and informed choice...

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..It is the opinion of the authors that all dialysis strategies should be mastered and utilized for appropriate indications in elderly ARF patients...

..In the present study, the immunologic effect of specific AGE compounds, known to be retained in uremia, has been evaluated...

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..There was no difference in the evolution of serum creatinine levels. In view of the cost, the use of RhuEpo in the posttransplantation period should be limited to high-risk patients...

..This study evaluates the relationship between fluid status and management and ARF development in septic patients...

..The question investigated in this study was whether other small water-soluble solutes, such as some guanidino compounds, show a kinetic behavior comparable or dissimilar to that of urea...

..The present study compares direct volume measurement with the Indicator dilution technique [radioiodinated serum albumin (RISA)] to determine the IPV over time curves In a rat model of PD...

..To assess serum cystatin C, compared with other markers of renal function, as a marker of renal function in the old old (aged 85 and older)...

..This study evaluated a possible correlation between renal function and kidney size measured by ultrasonography (US), and whether the latter helps estimate GFR in the elderly...

..Despite this achievement, there is a need for alternative osmotic agents.This randomized clinical trial analyzes 3-month's clinical experience with a mixture of 0.6% amino acids and 1.4% glycerol...

..The risk factors influencing the survival of indwelling central vein catheters and their potential complications have not been assessed in depth and on a large scale...

..Because haemofilter conditions should be comparable between patients, we opted for an evaluation of the effects during a 24-h period. Results of this trial can guide future studies in non-renal patients with acute lung injury...

..PDF with reduced GDP content induce no major hemodynamic effects and may thus have the potential to better preserve peritoneal vascular integrity...

..Such trials are currently underway in patients with normal renal function at high risk for cardiovascular disease, and one trial has recently been initiated in stable renal transplant recipients...

..This article will review the risk factors for the development of CIN and discuss practical strategies for its prevention in at-risk patients...

..It is conceivable, analogous with drugs, that the non-protein-bound fraction of p-cresol exerts toxicity. This aspect had never been evaluated, nor have the factors influencing the free fraction of p-cresol...

..In emergency situations, where the benefit of very early imaging outweighs the risk of waiting, the CIN Consensus Working Panel agreed that the procedure can be performed without assessment of renal function...

..The major intervention of the task force was at the occasion of the Marmara earthquake in Turkey in 1999. Additional more recent and minor interventions occurred in India and Algeria...

..No major differences in patient referral to the nephrologist, in residual renal function at the start of dialysis, nor in the dialysis dose based on Kt/V urea data were noted...

..Untreated, this leads to precocious failure of vital organ function and death. As enzyme replacement therapy is available, it is of vital importance that affected individuals can be traced...

..The knowledge of its in vivo kinetic behavior could be helpful to improve the current removal strategies...

..To better understand the evolution of p-cresol disposition in renal failure and dialysis patients, it is necessary to determine its kinetic characteristics and biotransformation pathways...