Michael Maes

Summary

Affiliation: AZ St-Blasius
Country: Belgium

Publications

  1. ncbi In humans, corticotropin releasing hormone antagonizes some of the negative immunoregulatory effects of serotonin
    Michael Maes
    Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Limburg, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 24:420-4. 2003
  2. ncbi Stimulatory effect of antidepressants on the production of IL-6
    Marta Kubera
    Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, Pl 31 343 Krakow, Poland
    Int Immunopharmacol 4:185-92. 2004
  3. ncbi Chronic fatigue syndrome is accompanied by an IgM-related immune response directed against neopitopes formed by oxidative or nitrosative damage to lipids and proteins
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 27:615-21. 2006
  4. ncbi Lower omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower docosahexaenoic acid in men with pedophilia
    Elda Mincke
    Department of Psychiatry, Antwerp Forensic Center, University of Antwerp, Edegem, and Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 27:719-23. 2006
  5. ncbi Interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms are related to changes in the cytokine network but not to cortisol
    Marieke C Wichers
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
    J Psychosom Res 62:207-14. 2007
  6. ncbi Why fish oils may not always be adequate treatments for depression or other inflammatory illnesses: docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, induces a Th-1-like immune response
    Michael Maes
    Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:875-80. 2007
  7. ncbi Increased plasma peroxides and serum oxidized low density lipoprotein antibodies in major depression: markers that further explain the higher incidence of neurodegeneration and coronary artery disease
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Belgium
    J Affect Disord 125:287-94. 2010
  8. ncbi Why myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) may kill you: disorders in the inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways may explain cardiovascular disorders in ME/CFS
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Wilrijk Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:677-93. 2009
  9. ncbi Increased 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative damage to DNA, in major depression and myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Wilrijk Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:715-22. 2009
  10. ncbi "Functional" or "psychosomatic" symptoms, e.g. a flu-like malaise, aches and pain and fatigue, are major features of major and in particular of melancholic depression
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:564-73. 2009

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications86

  1. ncbi In humans, corticotropin releasing hormone antagonizes some of the negative immunoregulatory effects of serotonin
    Michael Maes
    Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Limburg, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 24:420-4. 2003
    ....
  2. ncbi Stimulatory effect of antidepressants on the production of IL-6
    Marta Kubera
    Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, Pl 31 343 Krakow, Poland
    Int Immunopharmacol 4:185-92. 2004
    ..We speculate that the therapeutic activity of these antidepressants is at least partly connected with their effect on the cytokine network and IL-6 production...
  3. ncbi Chronic fatigue syndrome is accompanied by an IgM-related immune response directed against neopitopes formed by oxidative or nitrosative damage to lipids and proteins
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 27:615-21. 2006
    ....
  4. ncbi Lower omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower docosahexaenoic acid in men with pedophilia
    Elda Mincke
    Department of Psychiatry, Antwerp Forensic Center, University of Antwerp, Edegem, and Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 27:719-23. 2006
    ..One hypothesis is that a depletion of n-3 HUFAs and DHA may cause alterations in the serotonergic turnover, which are related to impulse discontrol and aggression-hostility, behaviors which are associated with pedophilia...
  5. ncbi Interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms are related to changes in the cytokine network but not to cortisol
    Marieke C Wichers
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
    J Psychosom Res 62:207-14. 2007
    ..Therefore, the induction of depressive symptoms by interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) may be mediated by changes in the cytokine network and the HPA axis...
  6. ncbi Why fish oils may not always be adequate treatments for depression or other inflammatory illnesses: docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, induces a Th-1-like immune response
    Michael Maes
    Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:875-80. 2007
    ....
  7. ncbi Increased plasma peroxides and serum oxidized low density lipoprotein antibodies in major depression: markers that further explain the higher incidence of neurodegeneration and coronary artery disease
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Belgium
    J Affect Disord 125:287-94. 2010
    ..This study examines two markers of oxidative stress in depression, i.e. plasma peroxides and serum oxidized LDL (oxLDL) antibodies...
  8. ncbi Why myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) may kill you: disorders in the inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways may explain cardiovascular disorders in ME/CFS
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Wilrijk Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:677-93. 2009
    ..ME/CFS is a multisystemic metabolic-inflammatory disorder. The aberrations in IO&NS pathways may increase the risk for cardiovascular disorders...
  9. ncbi Increased 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative damage to DNA, in major depression and myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Wilrijk Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:715-22. 2009
    ..e. activation of various inflammatory and oxidative & nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways...
  10. ncbi "Functional" or "psychosomatic" symptoms, e.g. a flu-like malaise, aches and pain and fatigue, are major features of major and in particular of melancholic depression
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:564-73. 2009
    ..There is a strong comorbidity and a biological similarity between major depression and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)...
  11. ncbi Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is related to fatigue, autonomic and neurocognitive symptoms and is another risk factor explaining the early mortality in ME/CFS due to cardiovascular disorder
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:470-6. 2009
    ..Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a medical illness characterized by disorders in inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways...
  12. ncbi Lower plasma Coenzyme Q10 in depression: a marker for treatment resistance and chronic fatigue in depression and a risk factor to cardiovascular disorder in that illness
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:462-9. 2009
    ..Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a strong antioxidant that has anti-inflammatory effects...
  13. ncbi Chronic fatigue syndrome: la bête noire of the Belgian health care system
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30:300-11. 2009
    ..Notwithstanding the above, the government and the CFS Centers not only continue this unethical and immoral policy, but also reinforce their use of CBT/GET in patients with ME/CFS treated at those Centers...
  14. ncbi Decreased expression of CD69 in chronic fatigue syndrome in relation to inflammatory markers: evidence for a severe disorder in the early activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells
    Ivana Mihaylova
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Olmenlaan 9, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:477-83. 2007
    ..Since induction of CD69 surface expression is dependent on the activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) activation pathway, it is suggested that in CFS there is a disorder in the early activation of the immune system involving PKC...
  15. ncbi Lower serum zinc in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): relationships to immune dysfunctions and relevance for the oxidative stress status in CFS
    Michael Maes
    M Care4U Outpatient Clinics, Olmenlaan 9, 2610 Antwerp Wilrijk, Belgium
    J Affect Disord 90:141-7. 2006
    ..The results of these reports suggest that some patients with CFS should be treated with specific antioxidants, including zinc supplements...
  16. ncbi The immune effects of TRYCATs (tryptophan catabolites along the IDO pathway): relevance for depression - and other conditions characterized by tryptophan depletion induced by inflammation
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:826-31. 2007
    ..kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid, exert a negative feedback control over IFNgamma production thus downregulating the initial inflammation, whereas an excess of quinolinic acid further aggravates the initial inflammation...
  17. ncbi An IgM-mediated immune response directed against nitro-bovine serum albumin (nitro-BSA) in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and major depression: evidence that nitrosative stress is another factor underpinning the comorbidity between major depression and CF
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29:313-9. 2008
    ....
  18. ncbi The cytokine hypothesis of depression: inflammation, oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and leaky gut as new targets for adjunctive treatments in depression
    Michael Maes
    Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Olmenlaan 9, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29:287-91. 2008
    ..Increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria, which may be induced by internal and external stressors, may further aggravate the induced IO&NS pathways...
  19. ncbi Increased serum IgA and IgM against LPS of enterobacteria in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): indication for the involvement of gram-negative enterobacteria in the etiology of CFS and for the presence of an increased gut-intestinal permeability
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    J Affect Disord 99:237-40. 2007
    ..It is suggested that all patients with CFS should be checked by means of the IgA panel used in the present study and accordingly should be treated for increased gut permeability...
  20. ncbi The gut-brain barrier in major depression: intestinal mucosal dysfunction with an increased translocation of LPS from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) plays a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression
    Michael Maes
    M Care4U Outpatient Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29:117-24. 2008
    ..It is suggested that patients with MDD should be checked for leaky gut by means of the IgM and IgA panel used in the present study and accordingly should be treated for leaky gut...
  21. ncbi Normalization of the increased translocation of endotoxin from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) is accompanied by a remission of chronic fatigue syndrome
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:739-44. 2007
    ....
  22. ncbi Not in the mind but in the cell: increased production of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase in chronic fatigue syndrome
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Olmenlaan 9, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:463-9. 2007
    ....
  23. ncbi Not in the mind of neurasthenic lazybones but in the cell nucleus: patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have increased production of nuclear factor kappa beta
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Olmenlaan 9, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:456-62. 2007
    ..It is suggested that CFS patients should be treated with antioxidants, which inhibit the production of NFkappabeta, such as curcumin, N-Acetyl-Cysteine, quercitin, silimarin, lipoic acid and omega-3 fatty acids...
  24. ncbi Chronic fatigue syndrome: Harvey and Wessely's (bio)psychosocial model versus a bio(psychosocial) model based on inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Piyavate Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
    BMC Med 8:35. 2010
    ....
  25. ncbi Inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways underpinning chronic fatigue, somatization and psychosomatic symptoms
    Michael Maes
    Clinical Research Centre of Mental Health CRC MH, Antwerp, Belgium
    Curr Opin Psychiatry 22:75-83. 2009
    ..The aim of this paper is to review recent findings on inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways in chronic fatigue and somatization disorder...
  26. ncbi Increased serum IgM antibodies directed against phosphatidyl inositol (Pi) in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and major depression: evidence that an IgM-mediated immune response against Pi is one factor underpinning the comorbidity between both CFS and dep
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:861-7. 2007
    ..Future research in major depression and CFS should focus on the functional consequences of the immune responses directed against Pi...
  27. ncbi IgM-mediated autoimmune responses directed against multiple neoepitopes in depression: new pathways that underpin the inflammatory and neuroprogressive pathophysiology
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    J Affect Disord 135:414-8. 2011
    ..e. palmitic and myristic acids and S-farnesyl-L-cysteine...
  28. ncbi Increased IgA responses to the LPS of commensal bacteria is associated with inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    J Affect Disord 136:909-17. 2012
    ..g. increased plasma interleukin-(IL)1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α; and c) activation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as demonstrated by increased neopterin...
  29. ncbi Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria
    Michael Maes
    MCare4U Outpatient Clinics, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29:902-10. 2008
    ..e. induction of systemic inflammation and oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS), is a new pathway in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)...
  30. ncbi Increased IgA and IgM responses against gut commensals in chronic depression: further evidence for increased bacterial translocation or leaky gut
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    J Affect Disord 141:55-62. 2012
    ....
  31. ncbi In chronic fatigue syndrome, the decreased levels of omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids are related to lowered serum zinc and defects in T cell activation
    Michael Maes
    M-Care4U Outpatient Clinics, and the Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 26:745-51. 2005
    ..The results suggest that patients with CFS should respond favourably to treatment with--amongst other things--omega3 PUFAs, such as EPA and DHA...
  32. ncbi Decreased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate but normal insulin-like growth factor in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): relevance for the inflammatory response in CFS
    Michael Maes
    M-Care4U Outpatient Clinics, and the Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Olmenlaan 9, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 26:487-92. 2005
    ..The results show that CFS is accompanied by lowered levels of DHEAS and that the latter may play a role in the immune (defect in the early activation of T cells) and the inflammatory pathophysiology of CFS...
  33. ncbi Somatization, but not depression, is characterized by disorders in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway, indicating increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and lowered kynurenine aminotransferase activity
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 32:264-73. 2011
    ..Depression is accompanied by lowered kynurenic acid, a neuroprotectant, or increased kynurenine, a neurotoxic TRYCAT...
  34. ncbi Lower whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in depression, but not in myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome: another pathway that may be associated with coronary artery disease and neuroprogression in depression
    Michael Maes
    Piyavate Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Thailand
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 32:133-40. 2011
    ..Moreover, depression is accompanied by disorders in inflammatory and neuroprogressive (IN-PRO) pathways...
  35. ncbi Increased autoimmune activity against 5-HT: a key component of depression that is associated with inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity, and with severity and staging of depression
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Piyavate Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
    J Affect Disord 136:386-92. 2012
    ..g. lowering the 5-HT precursor tryptophan, and upregulating 5-HT receptor mRNA. This study has been undertaken to examine autoimmune activity directed against 5-HT in relation to CMI activation and inflammation...
  36. ncbi Diagnostic classifications in depression and somatization should include biomarkers, such as disorders in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    Psychiatry Res 196:243-9. 2012
    ..Within the patient group, cluster analysis has generated a "pathway phenotype", i.e. aberrations in the TRYCAT pathway, which are associated with somatization rather than with depression...
  37. ncbi Inflammatory and cell-mediated immune biomarkers in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and depression: inflammatory markers are higher in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome than in depression
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics, TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand dr michaelmaes hotmail com
    Psychother Psychosom 81:286-95. 2012
    ..The aim of the present study is to compare inflammatory and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses between depression and ME/CFS...
  38. ncbi Multiple aberrations in shared inflammatory and oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways explain the co-association of depression and cardiovascular disorder (CVD), and the increased risk for CVD and due mortality in depressed patients
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35:769-83. 2011
    ..It is advised that patients with (sub)chronic or recurrent major depression should routinely be assessed by serology tests to predict if they have an increased risk to cardiovascular disorders...
  39. ncbi Depression and sickness behavior are Janus-faced responses to shared inflammatory pathways
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Piyavate Hospital, 998 Rimklongsamsen Road, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
    BMC Med 10:66. 2012
    ....
  40. ncbi Activation of cell-mediated immunity in depression: association with inflammation, melancholia, clinical staging and the fatigue and somatic symptom cluster of depression
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 36:169-75. 2012
    ..These PICs may induce depressive, melancholic and chronic fatigue (CF) symptoms...
  41. ncbi Depression's multiple comorbidities explained by (neuro)inflammatory and oxidative & nitrosative stress pathways
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand, Thailand
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 32:7-24. 2011
    ..This shows that depression belongs to the spectrum of inflammatory and degenerative disorders...
  42. ncbi Central serotonergic hypofunction in autism: results of the 5-hydroxy-tryptophan challenge test
    Jan Croonenberghs
    The University Center of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, A Z Middelheim, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 28:449-55. 2007
    ..The results suggest that autism is accompanied by a central serotonergic hypoactivity and that the latter could play a role in the pathophysiology of autism...
  43. ncbi Activation of the inflammatory response system in autism
    Jan Croonenberghs
    University Center of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Antwerp, Belgium
    Neuropsychobiology 45:1-6. 2002
    ..It is hypothesized that increased production of proinflammatory cytokines could play a role in the pathophysiology of autism...
  44. ncbi Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, PMN-elastase, lysozyme and neopterin
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    J Affect Disord 136:933-9. 2012
    ..Given the broad spectrum inflammatory state in ME/CFS, the aim of this study was to examine whether inflammatory and CMI biomarkers are increased in individuals with ME/CFS...
  45. ncbi A review on the oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways in major depression and their possible contribution to the (neuro)degenerative processes in that illness
    Michael Maes
    Clinics, Bangkok, Thailand
    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35:676-92. 2011
    ..It is concluded that aberrations in O&NS pathways are--together with the inflammatory processes--key components of depression. All in all, the results suggest that depression belongs to the spectrum of (neuro)degenerative disorders...
  46. ncbi The inflammatory & neurodegenerative (I&ND) hypothesis of depression: leads for future research and new drug developments in depression
    Michael Maes
    Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Olmenlaan 9, Antwerp Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
    Metab Brain Dis 24:27-53. 2009
    ....
  47. ncbi IgM-mediated autoimmune responses directed against anchorage epitopes are greater in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) than in major depression
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Piyavate Hospital, 998 Rimklongsamsen Road, Bangkok, 10310, Thailand
    Metab Brain Dis 27:415-23. 2012
    ..g. intracellular signal transduction, cellular differentiation and apoptosis, but their impact may be more important in ME/CFS than in depression...
  48. ncbi An intriguing and hitherto unexplained co-occurrence: Depression and chronic fatigue syndrome are manifestations of shared inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, 998 Rimklongsamsen Road, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35:784-94. 2011
    ..Depression and ME/CFS are not 'comorbid' disorders, but should be regarded as 'co-associated disorders' that are clinical manifestations of shared pathways...
  49. ncbi Targeting IL-1 in depression
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand
    Expert Opin Ther Targets 16:1097-112. 2012
    ....
  50. ncbi Depression is an inflammatory disease, but cell-mediated immune activation is the key component of depression
    Michael Maes
    Maes 998 Rimklongsamsen Road, Piyavate Hospital, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35:664-75. 2011
    ..This review shows that inflammation and cell-mediated immune activation are key factors in depression...
  51. ncbi Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), and Chronic Fatigue (CF) are distinguished accurately: results of supervised learning techniques applied on clinical and inflammatory data
    Michael Maes
    Maes Clinics TRIA, Piyavate Hospital, 998 Rimklongsamsen Road, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
    Psychiatry Res 200:754-60. 2012
    ..e. "malaise-sickness" and "malaise-hyperalgesia". Fukuda's criteria are adequate to make a distinction between ME/CFS and CF, but ME/CFS patients should be subdivided into ME (with PEM) and CFS (without PEM)...
  52. ncbi New drug targets in depression: inflammatory, cell-mediated immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial, antioxidant, and neuroprogressive pathways. And new drug candidates--Nrf2 activators and GSK-3 inhibitors
    Michael Maes
    Maes 998 Rimklongsamsen Road, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
    Inflammopharmacology 20:127-50. 2012
    ..Nrf2 activators and GSK-3 inhibitors have the potential to be advanced to phase-2 clinical trials to examine whether they augment the efficacy of antidepressants or are useful as monotherapy...
  53. ncbi In the puerperium, primiparae exhibit higher levels of anxiety and serum peptidase activity and greater immune responses than multiparae
    Michael Maes
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    J Clin Psychiatry 65:71-6. 2004
    ..The aims of this study were to examine whether there are differences in anxiety levels, the IRS, and serum PEP values between primiparae and multiparae before and after delivery...
  54. ncbi Increased mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in treatment resistant depression: a preliminary study
    Marta Kubera
    Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, , , Poland
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 25:207-10. 2004
    ..DISCUSSION: This activation of lymphocyte function may be indicative of a pathological stimulation in cell-mediated immunity in patients with treatment resistant depression...
  55. ncbi Psychobiological aspects of somatoform disorders: contributions of monoaminergic transmitter systems
    Winfried Rief
    Center for Behavioral Medicine, Klinik Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
    Neuropsychobiology 49:24-9. 2004
    ..To evaluate the possible biological aspects of 'unexplained physical symptoms', this study examined serotonergic and noradrenergic monoamino acids in somatoform disorders and/or depression...
  56. ncbi Herpes viruses, cytokines, and altered hemostasis in vital exhaustion
    Andre van der Ven
    Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Psychosom Med 65:194-200. 2003
    ..CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that stress-related alterations in hemostasis and inflammation are not necessarily linked to one particular herpesvirus infection but rather to an increase in aggregated seropositivity to herpesvirus infections...
  57. ncbi Effects of antidepressants on the production of cytokines
    Gunter Kenis
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 5:401-12. 2002
    ..It is clear, however, that more research is warranted and we strongly argue the need for higher standardization in the methodology used to examine the cytokine network in depressed patients...
  58. ncbi The negative immunoregulatory effects of serotonin (5-HT) moduline, an endogenous 5-HT1B receptor antagonist with anti-anxiety properties
    Michael Maes
    Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Cytokine 19:308-11. 2002
    ..Leukocytes have functional 5-HT1B receptors. 5-HT moduline, an endogenous 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, may antagonize the 5-HT1B agonist-induced proliferation of immune cells...
  59. ncbi Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activation
    Michael Maes
    Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Maastricht, Postbus 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Life Sci 71:1837-48. 2002
    ....
  60. ncbi Increased serum interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 in schizophrenic patients resistant to treatment with neuroleptics and the stimulatory effects of clozapine on serum leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
    Michael Maes
    IRCCS, Istituto, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia
    Schizophr Res 54:281-91. 2002
    ....
  61. ncbi Inflammatory markers in depressed post-myocardial infarction patients
    Annique Schins
    Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
    J Psychiatr Res 39:137-44. 2005
    ..CONCLUSIONS: There was no indication of increased inflammation in depressed post-MI patients as compared to non-depressed post-MI patients...
  62. ncbi The negative immunoregulatory effects of fluoxetine in relation to the cAMP-dependent PKA pathway
    Michael Maes
    Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Maastricht, Vijverdal P.O. Box 88, 6200 AB Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Int Immunopharmacol 5:609-18. 2005
    ....
  63. ncbi Baseline immune activation as a risk factor for the onset of depression during interferon-alpha treatment
    Marieke C Wichers
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Biol Psychiatry 60:77-9. 2006
    ..This study prospectively investigated the hypothesis that baseline level of immune activation predicts the development of depression during interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) treatment...
  64. ncbi Increased depressive ratings in patients with hepatitis C receiving interferon-alpha-based immunotherapy are related to interferon-alpha-induced changes in the serotonergic system
    Stefania Bonaccorso
    Psychiatric Hospital, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    J Clin Psychopharmacol 22:86-90. 2002
    ..It is suggested that the IFN-alpha-induced changes in the serotonergic turnover could play a role in the development of IFN-alpha-induced depressive symptoms...
  65. ncbi Cytokines and major depression
    Olga J G Schiepers
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:201-17. 2005
    ....
  66. ncbi Faulty serotonin--DHEA interactions in autism: results of the 5-hydroxytryptophan challenge test
    Jan Croonenberghs
    University Center of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, A Z Middelheim, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29:385-90. 2008
    ..The present study examines plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S) and the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio following administration of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the direct precursor of 5-HT, to autistic patients...
  67. ncbi Introduction to the special section
    Michael Maes
    Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 5:329-31. 2002
    ....
  68. ncbi Depression induced by treatment with interferon-alpha in patients affected by hepatitis C virus
    Stefania Bonaccorso
    Psychiatric Hospital, University 'La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    J Affect Disord 72:237-41. 2002
    ..DISCUSSION: The results show that prolonged IFNalpha treatment may induce depressive symptoms and major depression in a considerable number of subjects...
  69. ncbi Polyunsaturated fatty acids: do they have a role in the pathophysiology of autism?
    Sonja Sliwinski
    University Center of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ZNA Middelheim, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 27:465-71. 2006
    ..The aim of the present study was to examine whether autism is accompanied by abnormalities in the composition of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma phospholipids...
  70. ncbi Serological observations in patients suffering from acute manic episodes
    Ahmed A Wadee
    Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
    Hum Psychopharmacol 17:175-9. 2002
    ..Our results suggest a relationship between acute mania and immunological parameters associated with acute phase responses...
  71. ncbi Stability of interleukin 6, soluble interleukin 6 receptor, interleukin 10 and CC16 in human serum
    Gunter Kenis
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Pb616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Cytokine 19:228-35. 2002
    ..We conclude that serum samples for the determination of IL-6, sIL-6R and CC16 can be stored at -20 degrees C for several years, but for IL-10 determinations, storage at -70 degrees C is recommended...
  72. ncbi Mood, prolactin and cortisol responses following intravenous L-tryptophan challenge: evidence for serotonergic vulnerability in first-degree relatives of bipolar patients
    Sjacko Sobczak
    Brain and Behaviour Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Universiteit Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 5:249-54. 2002
    ..Hormonal and mood effects did not differ between FH and controls. Results show some evidence for differences in serotonergic vulnerability between relatives of type I BD patients and relatives of type II BD patients...
  73. ncbi Fatty acid profile and affective dysregulation in irritable bowel syndrome
    Tessa O C Kilkens
    Departments of Psychiatry and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Maastricht, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Lipids 39:425-31. 2004
    ..These results warrant further studies regarding the role of PUFA and cholesterol status in the co-occurrence of AD and functional gastrointestinal disorders...
  74. ncbi Salivary cortisol in panic: are males more vulnerable?
    Marlies A van Duinen
    Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Vijverdal Academic Anxiety Center, The Netherlands
    Neuro Endocrinol Lett 25:386-90. 2004
    ..The present study was designed to assess cortisol levels following a 35% CO2 challenge in Panic Disorder (PD) patients compared to healthy volunteers as a measurement of HPA-axis activity...
  75. ncbi Effect of amantadine and imipramine on immunological parameters of rats subjected to a forced swimming test
    Marta Kubera
    Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
    Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 9:297-305. 2006
    ..In summary, the antidepressive efficacy of a combination of amantadine and imipramine given in suboptimal doses may be related to their negative immunoendocrine effects...
  76. ncbi Relation of levels of serum lipoproteins to depression after acute myocardial infarction
    Jacqueline J M H Strik
    Department of Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Maastricht/University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Am J Cardiol 90:1368-70. 2002
  77. ncbi Serotonergic disturbances in autistic disorder: L-5-hydroxytryptophan administration to autistic youngsters increases the blood concentrations of serotonin in patients but not in controls
    Jan Croonenberghs
    The University Center of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, A Z M, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
    Life Sci 76:2171-83. 2005
    ....
  78. ncbi Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function following a 35% CO2 inhalation in healthy volunteers
    Marlies A van Duinen
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Vijverdal Academic Anxiety Center, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 88, 6200 AB Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 28:279-83. 2004
    ..Characteristic, PD patients react much stronger to the inhalation. Thus, in addition to psychological parameters, healthy subjects also constitute an ideal comparison group with regard to endocrinological parameters...
  79. ncbi The psychoneuroimmuno-pathophysiology of cytokine-induced depression in humans
    Marieke Wichers
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 5:375-88. 2002
    ....
  80. ncbi Effects of serotonin and serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6
    Marta Kubera
    Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, Pl 31 343 Krakow, Poland
    Psychiatry Res 134:251-8. 2005
    ....
  81. ncbi The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the pathophysiology of interferon-alpha-induced depression
    Marieke C Wichers
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    J Psychiatry Neurosci 29:11-7. 2004
    ..Both ROS overproduction and hippocampal atrophy caused by NMDA overstimulation have been associated with depression...
  82. ncbi Partial posttraumatic stress disorder revisited
    Jacques Mylle
    Department of Psychology, Royal Military Academy RMA, Renaissancelaan, 30, B1000 Brussels, Belgium
    J Affect Disord 78:37-48. 2004
    ..This concept considers that a subject may present a number of symptoms below threshold for criteria C or D (subthreshold syndromes) and may even present without any symptom for one or more of the criteria B, C and D (partial syndromes)...
  83. ncbi Behavioral changes in rats after acute, chronic and repeated administration of interleukin-1beta: relevance for affective disorders
    Stefania Bonaccorso
    Psychiatric Hospital, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    J Affect Disord 77:143-8. 2003
    ..DISCUSSION: Acute and chronic administration of IL-1beta significantly increase the latency of escape to a foot shock, whereas repeated IL-1beta administration does not induce a sensitization of these behavioral responses...
  84. ncbi Toxic rise of clozapine plasma concentrations in relation to inflammation
    Marie Jeanne Haack
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 13:381-5. 2003
    ..The cytokines released during infection or inflammation downregulate the clozapine metabolism in the P450 system through CYP 1A2. Clozapine plasma levels should be monitored closely if an inflammatory or infectious process is suspected...
  85. ncbi Influence of antidepressants on intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    Gunter Kenis
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, P O Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 13:53-6. 2003
    ..However, pre-incubation with imipramine or paroxetine, did not influence this increase. These data do not support the hypothesis that cAMP may be related to the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of antidepressants...
  86. ncbi Reply to a reader's comment
    Jacqueline J M H Strik
    Am J Cardiol 94:542. 2004