Randomized study of antihypertensive efficacy and safety of combination aliskiren/valsartan vs valsartan monotherapy in hypertensive participants with type 2 diabetes mellitusGeorge L Bakris
Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Hypertension Center, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 15:92-100. 2013
..0 mEq/L. Combination aliskiren/valsartan has additive effects on blood pressure reduction and tolerability similar to valsartan in hypertensive/diabetic participants with early-stage (stages 1 and 2) CKD...
- Management of hypertension in the elderly population
Raymond V Oliva
FASN, FASH, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S Maryland, MC 1027 Rm P 328, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 67:1343-51. 2012
..Diuretics and calcium antagonists are the most efficacious single agents for treatment; however, most patients will require two or more drugs to achieve such goals...
- Antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone combined with azilsartan medoxomil
George L Bakris
The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Am J Med 125:1229.e1-1229.e10. 2012
..This study provides a direct comparison of chlorthalidone with hydrochlorothiazide, each combined with the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartan medoxomil, on blood pressure reduction and control rates...
- Lipid disorders in uremia and dialysis
George L Bakris
ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Centre, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill 60637, USA
Contrib Nephrol 178:100-5. 2012
..Given the more 'metabolic syndrome like' profile of lipids in stage 5 CKD adjunctive methods such as fibrates and omega-3 is discussed, however no good data are available in this group on outcomes with these agents...
- Baroreflex activation therapy provides durable benefit in patients with resistant hypertension: results of long-term follow-up in the Rheos Pivotal Trial
George L Bakris
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
J Am Soc Hypertens 6:152-8. 2012
..BAT substantially reduced arterial pressure for most patients participating in the Rheos Pivotal Trial. This blood pressure reduction or goal achievement was maintained over long-term follow-up of 22 to 53 months...
Pros and cons of aggressive blood pressure lowering in patients with type 2 diabetesRigas G Kalaitzidis
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Curr Vasc Pharmacol 10:156-61. 2012
..This review examines the data for and against aggressive BP lowering in patients with diabetes...
- Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events (ACCOMPLISH): a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
George L Bakris
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Lancet 375:1173-81. 2010
..We assessed the effects of these drug combinations on progression of chronic kidney disease...
- Are there effects of renin-angiotensin system antagonists beyond blood pressure control?
George Bakris
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Am J Cardiol 105:21A-9A. 2010
..Therefore, although antihypertensive efficacy is of primary importance in choosing a treatment to provide cardiovascular and renal protection, consideration should be given to the effects of an agent that extend beyond blood pressure...
- National Kidney Foundation consensus conference on cardiovascular and kidney diseases and diabetes risk: an integrated therapeutic approach to reduce events
George Bakris
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
Kidney Int 78:726-36. 2010
..This paper summarizes the results of a consensus conference utilizing a patient case to discuss the integrated management of hypertension, kidney disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and heart failure across disciplines...
- The comparative effects of azilsartan medoxomil and olmesartan on ambulatory and clinic blood pressure
George L Bakris
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 13:81-8. 2011
..0 to -0.1; P=.038), while AZL-M 40 mg was noninferior to OLM-M 40 mg. The side effect profiles of both ARBs were similar to placebo. AZL-M is well tolerated and more efficacious at its maximal dose than the highest dose of OLM-M...
- Divergent results using clinic and ambulatory blood pressures: report of a darusentan-resistant hypertension trial
George L Bakris
University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Disease Unit, Chicago, Ill, USA
Hypertension 56:824-30. 2010
..The results of this trial highlight the importance of ambulatory BP monitoring in the design of hypertension clinical studies...
- Monitoring and managing urinary albumin excretion: practical advice for primary care clinicians
George L Bakris
University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Postgrad Med 121:51-60. 2009
..This article also presents an approach to managing increases in creatinine and potassium that should fit comfortably in the hands of primary care clinicians...
- The diabetes subgroup baseline characteristics of the Avoiding Cardiovascular Events Through Combination Therapy in Patients Living With Systolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial
George Bakris
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Cardiometab Syndr 3:229-33. 2008
..8% of DM patients had blood pressure levels <130/80 mm Hg. ACCOMPLISH will provide valuable guidance on optimizing treatment strategies in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk with and without DM...
- ASH position paper: treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes-an update
George L Bakris
Hypertensive Diseases and Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 10:707-13; discussion 714-5. 2008
..Last, an updated algorithm is provided that incorporates many of the new findings and is suggested as a starting point to achieve blood pressure goals...
- Effect of combining extended-release carvedilol and lisinopril in hypertension: results of the COSMOS study
George L Bakris
University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 12:678-86. 2010
..The tolerability profile of initiating combination therapy was generally comparable to the initiation of treatment with monotherapy...
- Renal sodium-glucose transport: role in diabetes mellitus and potential clinical implications
George L Bakris
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 46321, USA
Kidney Int 75:1272-7. 2009
..Clinical research remains to be carried out on the long-term effects of glucosuria and other potential effects of this class of drug. Nonetheless, these compounds represent a very promising approach for the treatment of diabetes...
- An in-depth analysis of vasodilation in the management of hypertension: focus on adrenergic blockade
George Bakris
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 53:379-87. 2009
....
- Reversal of diuretic-associated impaired glucose tolerance and new-onset diabetes: results of the STAR-LET study
George Bakris
University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
J Cardiometab Syndr 3:18-25. 2008
..0 vs 7.2+/-2.3; P<.001). This exploratory study suggests that the impairment in glycemic control seen with use of a thiazide diuretic combined with a RASI can be reversed by switching to a regimen that does not include a diuretic...
- Comparison of telmisartan vs. valsartan in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
George Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine and Internal Medicine, Rush Hypertension/Clinical Research Center, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 4:26-31. 2002
..These data suggest greater efficacy for telmisartan than valsartan in controlling blood pressure throughout the 24-hour dosing interval, including the last 6 hours before dosing, and the two agents were similarly well tolerated...
- Telmisartan is more effective than losartan in reducing proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy
George Bakris
Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Kidney Int 74:364-9. 2008
..We conclude that telmisartan is superior to losartan in reducing proteinuria in hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy, despite a similar reduction in blood pressure...
- CKD and cardiovascular disease in screened high-risk volunteer and general populations: the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004
Peter A McCullough
Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology, Nutrition, and Preventive Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
Am J Kidney Dis 51:S38-45. 2008
..Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as an independent cardiovascular disease risk state. The relationship between CKD and cardiovascular disease in volunteer and general populations has not been explored...
Sociodemographic factors contribute to the depressive affect among African Americans with chronic kidney diseaseMichael J Fischer
Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Kidney Int 77:1010-9. 2010
..Sociodemographic factors have especially strong associations with this increased depressive affect. Because this study was conducted in an African-American cohort, its findings may not be generalized to other ethnic groups...
- Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial
Jackson T Wright
Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland and the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 5014, USA
JAMA 288:2421-31. 2002
..Hypertension is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States, with no known treatment to prevent progressive declines leading to ESRD...
- Blood pressure components and end-stage renal disease in persons with chronic kidney disease: the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)
Carmen A Peralta
Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
Arch Intern Med 172:41-7. 2012
..Treatment of hypertension is difficult in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and blood pressure goals remain controversial. The association between each blood pressure component and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk is less well known...
- Malnutrition-inflammation modifies the relationship of cholesterol with cardiovascular disease
Gabriel Contreras
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 360E, Miami, FL 33136, USA
J Am Soc Nephrol 21:2131-42. 2010
..In the M-I group, the corresponding HRs did not vary significantly by cholesterol level. In conclusion, the presence of M-I modifies the risk relationship between cholesterol level and CVD in African Americans with hypertensive CKD...
- Risk factor assessment for new onset diabetes: literature review
George Bakris
Hypertension Center, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Diabetes Obes Metab 11:177-87. 2009
..Patients with MS may be at lower risk of diabetes when using a FDC calcium channel blocker + angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor compared with an angiotensin receptor blocker + TD...
- Combined therapy with a calcium channel blocker and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker
George L Bakris
University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 10:27-32. 2008
..The combination of amlodipine and an angiotensin II receptor blocker is well tolerated, including in patients with stage 2 hypertension and the elderly...
- Lowering blood pressure with beta-blockers in combination with other renin-angiotensin system blockers in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: results from the GEMINI Trial
Jackson T Wright
Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 9:842-9. 2007
..The use of carvedilol compared with metoprolol did not effect glycemic control...
- Dual therapy in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: the role of calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers
George L Bakris
University of Chicago School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 7:25-9. 2007
....
- The current state of RAAS blockade in the treatment of hypertension and proteinuria
Rigas G Kalaitzidis
Hypertension Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, MC1027, Room P 328A, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Curr Cardiol Rep 11:436-42. 2009
..Increases in proteinuria, in spite of blood pressure reduction, are associated with faster declines in kidney function regardless of whether RAAS blockers are used...
- A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial
Carl J Pepine
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
JAMA 290:2805-16. 2003
..CONCLUSION: The verapamil-trandolapril-based strategy was as clinically effective as the atenolol-hydrochlorothiazide-based strategy in hypertensive CAD patients...
- Evaluation and treatment of patients with systemic hypertension
Jay Garg
Rush University Hypertension Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Presbyterian/St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Circulation 105:2458-61. 2002
- Baroreflex activation therapy lowers blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled rheos pivotal trial
John D Bisognano
Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
J Am Coll Cardiol 58:765-73. 2011
..We sought to determine the effect of baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with resistant hypertension...
- Influence of microalbuminuria in achieving blood pressure goals
Irena Duka
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 17:457-63. 2008
....
- Pathogenesis and treatment of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes: the road ahead
Rigas Kalaitzidis
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 11:636-43. 2009
..It remains to be determined whether targeting the underlying inflammatory process can retard or prevent microalbuminuria progression or whether treatment of microalbuminuria can prevent end-stage renal disease or death...
- The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report
Aram V Chobanian
Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass, USA
JAMA 289:2560-72. 2003
..Empathy builds trust and is a potent motivator. Finally, in presenting these guidelines, the committee recognizes that the responsible physician's judgment remains paramount...
- Cardiovascular events during differing hypertension therapies in patients with diabetes
Michael A Weber
Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
J Am Coll Cardiol 56:77-85. 2010
..The aim of this study was to determine which combination therapy in patients with hypertension and diabetes most effectively decreases cardiovascular events...
- Optimal treatment of hypertension in African Americans. Reaching and maintaining target blood pressure goals
George L Bakris
Departments of Preventive Medicine and Internal Medicine, Rush Hypertension Clinical Research Center, Rush Presbyterian St Luke s Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren St, Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Postgrad Med 112:73-4, 77-80, 83-4. 2002
..This article describes current "best practice" guidance on appropriate treatment of high blood pressure in African Americans. Two patient scenarios offer insight into clinical strategies...
- The relationship between magnitude of proteinuria reduction and risk of end-stage renal disease: results of the African American study of kidney disease and hypertension
Janice Lea
Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Arch Intern Med 165:947-53. 2005
..CONCLUSIONS: The change in the level of proteinuria is a predictor of subsequent progression of hypertensive kidney disease at a given GFR. A prospective trial is needed to confirm this observation...
- Diabetes and chronic kidney disease: tragedy and challenge
Dave Y Chua
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Hypertension/Clinical Research Center, Rush Presbyterian/St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Blood Purif 22:130-5. 2004
....
- Association of race and body mass index with ESRD and mortality in CKD stages 3-4: results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)
Revekka Babayev
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Am J Kidney Dis 61:404-12. 2013
..A recent cross-sectional analysis of Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) participants suggested that obesity is a heterogeneous disease state in African Americans and whites with chronic kidney disease (CKD)...
- Effects of drospirenone/17-beta estradiol on blood pressure and potassium balance in hypertensive postmenopausal women
Richard A Preston
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Clinical Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
Am J Hypertens 18:797-804. 2005
..Because of a significant aldosterone antagonist activity, we studied the effects of DRSP/E2 on serum potassium (K) and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive postmenopausal women with and without diabetes mellitus...
- Hypertension and CKD: Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2004
Madhav V Rao
Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Am J Kidney Dis 51:S30-7. 2008
..Early identification and achievement of blood pressure goals may improve chronic kidney disease outcomes...
- Are renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers distinguishable based on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in nephropathy?
Rigas Kalaitzidis
Hypertensive Disease Unit, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Postgrad Med 121:77-88. 2009
..Whether ARBs can reduce incident diabetes and related cardiovascular outcomes is awaited with the Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) trial...
- Differences in glucose tolerance between fixed-dose antihypertensive drug combinations in people with metabolic syndrome
George Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Hypertension Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Diabetes Care 29:2592-7. 2006
....
- Management of hypertension in patients with diabetes: the place of angiotensin-II receptor blockers
Rigas Kalaitzidis
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Diabetes Obes Metab 11:757-69. 2009
..Based on these findings, contemporary treatment guidelines recommend a target SBP/diastolic blood pressure of <130/80 mmHg for patients with diabetes...
- Slowing nephropathy progression: focus on proteinuria reduction
George L Bakris
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3:S3-10. 2008
..These agents also reduce proteinuria, a risk marker for renal disease progression. Accumulating evidence indicates that their antiproteinuric effect correlates with their additional renal benefits...
- Should proteinuria reduction be the criterion for antihypertensive drug selection for patients with kidney disease?
Rigas G Kalaitzidis
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 18:386-91. 2009
....
- Achieving goal blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: conventional versus fixed-dose combination approaches
George L Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 5:202-9. 2003
..A fixed-dose combination approach appears as safe as the current conventional approaches...
- Fixed-dose combination and chronic kidney disease progression: which is the best?
Keith A Hopkins
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 19:450-5. 2010
..Use of combination therapy whether fixed dose or separate pill combinations is becoming more prevalent. Physicians are not routinely trained in using combinations of different antihypertensive medicines...
- Comparative antihypertensive efficacy of angiotensin receptor blocker-based treatment in African-American and white patients
George L Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 7:587-95; quiz 596-7. 2005
..We conclude that an angiotensin receptor blocker as part of a BP-lowering strategy is effective in previously untreated African-American patients, although a higher proportion will require the use of a diuretic compared with Caucasians...
- Protecting renal function in the hypertensive patient: clinical guidelines
George L Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Am J Hypertens 18:112S-119S. 2005
..This is achieved optimally by using agents that block the renin-angiotensin system in concert with other agents that reduce proteinuria and BP...
- Effects of COX inhibition on blood pressure and kidney function in ACE inhibitor-treated blacks and hispanics
Munavvar Izhar
Rush Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St, Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Hypertension 43:573-7. 2004
..Differences observed in blood pressure response between COX inhibitors may not be related in their sensitivity but rather their dosing frequency...
- Blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy and risk for renal injury in African-Americans
Nicholas Kaperonis
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Hypertension/Clinical Research Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 12:79-84. 2003
..Moreover, a regimen that is initiated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor should be the antihypertensive treatment of choice in African-Americans with kidney disease...
- How to adjust ACE inhibitors and ARBs in diabetes?
George Bakris
Departments of Preventive Medicine and Internal Medicine, Rush Hypertension Center, Rush Presbyterian St Luke s Medical Center, Chicago, USA
Postgrad Med 115:9-10. 2004
- Pathogenesis and clinical physiology of hypertension
Mukesh Singh
University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, IL 60637, USA
Cardiol Clin 28:545-59. 2010
..A unifying pathway for the development of hypertension and the practical implications for the prevention and control of hypertension are discussed...
- Serum creatinine vs. albuminuria as biomarkers for the estimation of cardiovascular risk
Rigas G Kalaitzidis
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Curr Vasc Pharmacol 8:604-11. 2010
..Thus, concomitant evaluation of both biomarkers eGFR and albuminuria is recommended to assess kidney function and CV risk thoroughly...
- The message for World Kidney Day 2009: hypertension and kidney disease--a marriage that should be prevented
George L Bakris
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
J Hypertens 27:666-9. 2009
..Therefore, treatment of hypertension has become the most important intervention in the management of all forms of CKD. For this reason, the forthcoming World Kidney Day on 12 March 2009 will emphasize the role of hypertension...
- Hypertension goals in advanced-stage kidney disease
Keith Hopkins
Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4:S92-4. 2009
..Aggressive volume control seems key to maintaining good BP control. Once a valid time and measure for BP is agreed on, a clinical outcome trial is needed to test its utility...
- Hypertension in early-stage kidney disease: an update from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)
Rigas Kalaitzidis
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Am J Kidney Dis 53:S22-31. 2009
..Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. Systolic blood pressure as an associated feature of CKD has not been fully explored in community volunteer and nationally representative samples of the US population...
- Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial
George L Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill, USA
JAMA 292:2227-36. 2004
..The effects of the 2 beta-blockers on clinical outcomes need to be compared in long-term clinical trials...
- Antihypertensive therapy in the presence of proteinuria
Pantelis A Sarafidis
Hypertension Clinical Research Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Am J Kidney Dis 49:12-26. 2007
....
- Clinical importance of microalbuminuria in diabetes and hypertension
George L Bakris
Rush University Hypertension Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren Street, Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Curr Hypertens Rep 6:352-6. 2004
..Further lowering of albuminuria may be achieved by adding verapamil, diltiazem, or an ARB to an ACE inhibitor...
- Proteinuria and other markers of chronic kidney disease: a position statement of the national kidney foundation (NKF) and the national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases (NIDDK)
Garabed Eknoyan
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Am J Kidney Dis 42:617-22. 2003
- Who should be treated with combination therapy as initial treatment for hypertension?
George L Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 5:21-8. 2003
....
- Blood pressure control in the patient with difficult-to-control hypertension: which agent for which patient?
George L Bakris
University of Chicago, IL, USA
Prev Cardiol 11:42-9. 2008
..The authors maintained full control of the discussion and the resulting content of this article...
- Effects of blood pressure level on progression of diabetic nephropathy: results from the RENAAL study
George L Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St Luke s Medical Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Arch Intern Med 163:1555-65. 2003
..Clinical trials of nephropathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus have not examined the effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or pulse pressure (PP) on the time to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death...
- Using an established telehealth model to train urban primary care providers on hypertension management
Christopher Masi
University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 14:45-50. 2012
..68 [SD=0.94] to 5.41 [SD=0.89], P<.01) but not among controls (5.28 [SD=0.43] to 5.62 [SD=0.67], P=.64). This model holds promise for enhancing hypertension care provided by urban FQHC providers...
- Is ethnicity a factor in choice of antihypertensive drug?
George Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Hypertension Clinical Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
Postgrad Med 117:40. 2005
- Lessons learned from recent hypertension trials about kidney disease
Nitin Khosla
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1:229-35. 2006
- When to refer patients to a nephrologist?
George Bakris
Departments of Preventive Medicine and Internal Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St Luke s Medical Center, Chicago, USA
Postgrad Med 113:11. 2003
- Achieving blood pressure goals: is fixed-dose combination therapy the answer?
George L Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 5:2-3. 2003
- Dual RAAS blockade is desirable in kidney disease: con
George L Bakris
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Kidney Int 78:546-9. 2010
..In all cases other than advanced proteinuric nephropathy, there is no evidence of any positive CKD outcome with dual RAAS blockade. Thus, dual RAAS blockade cannot be recommended for all CKD patients...
- Microalbuminuria in diabetes: focus on cardiovascular and renal risk reduction
George L Bakris
Rush University Hypertension Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St Luke s Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren Street, Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Curr Diab Rep 2:258-62. 2002
..In this article we explore evidence for albuminuria being an integral component of the cardiometabolic syndrome and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke...
- The role of calcium antagonists in chronic kidney disease
Casey N Gashti
Rush University Hypertension/Clinical Research Centre, Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Presbyterian/St Luke's Medical Centre, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 13:155-61. 2004
....
- Blood pressure control and nephroprotection in diabetes
Kevin Abbott
Walter Reed Army Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 44:431-8. 2004
..Physicians need to work harder and educate patients on the importance of achieving these lower blood pressure guidelines...
- The evolution of treatment guidelines for diabetic nephropathy. Strategies integrate JNC VI, more recent protocols
George L Bakris
Deparments of Preventive Medicine and Internal Medicine, Rush Hypertension Clinical Research Center, Rush Presbyterian St Luke s Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren St, Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Postgrad Med 113:35-40, 43-4, 50. 2003
..He describes their backing in research findings and outlines practical antihypertensive and renoprotective therapies to curtail risks of nephropathy and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes...
- Angiotensin receptor blockade and arterial compliance in chronic kidney disease: a pilot study
Jay P Garg
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
Am J Nephrol 25:393-9. 2005
..Because angiotensin II may have adverse effects on the arterial wall, we hypothesized that an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) would improve arterial compliance as compared with placebo in subjects with CKD...
- The kidney, hypertension, and remaining challenges
Nitin Khosla
Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Med Clin North Am 93:697-715, Table of Contents. 2009
..Second, the appropriate initiation of fixed-dose combination therapy to achieve blood-pressure goals needs to be clarified. Finally, the subgroup of patients with kidney disease needs more aggressive blood pressure lowering...
- Efficacy and safety of darusentan in patients with resistant hypertension: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging study
Henry R Black
New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 9:760-9. 2007
....
- Differential effects of beta-blockers on albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
George L Bakris
Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Hypertension 46:1309-15. 2005
..These differences cannot be explained by effects on blood pressure or alpha1-antagonism but may relate to antioxidant properties of carvedilol...
- A comparative trial of controlled-onset, extended-release verapamil, enalapril, and losartan on blood pressure and heart rate changes
George Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Hypertension/Clinical Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Am J Hypertens 15:53-7. 2002
..014) CONCLUSIONS: COER-24 verapamil produces changes in BP and pulse that more closely match the normal circadian hemodynamic rhythms than either do enalapril or losartan...
- Cardiovascular protection for all individuals at high risk: evidence-based best practice
George Bakris
Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Clin Res Cardiol 97:713-25. 2008
....
- Orlistat improves blood pressure control in obese subjects with treated but inadequately controlled hypertension
George Bakris
Rush University Hypertension/Clinical Research Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Presbyterian/St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
J Hypertens 20:2257-67. 2002
..1 versus 24.0%, P< 0.04). CONCLUSION: A weight-loss program with orlistat is more effective than diet alone to lower blood pressure and results in greater cardiovascular risk reduction...
- Comparative efficacy of two different beta-blockers on 24-hour blood pressure control
Pantelis Sarafidis
Rush University Hypertension Clinical Research Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 10:112-8. 2008
..It is possible that differences in outcome between atenolol-based and other therapies may be the result of inadequate dosing of atenolol, a medication that may not be effective for the entire 24-hour period...
- A comparative evaluation of various methods for microalbuminuria screening
Pantelis A Sarafidis
Hypertension Clinical Research Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill, USA
Am J Nephrol 28:324-9. 2008
..We evaluated a new quantitative office-based method to assess urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and compared it to other established methods...
- Comparison of dual RAAS blockade and higher-dose RAAS inhibition on nephropathy progression
George L Bakris
University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Chicago, IL, USA
Postgrad Med 120:33-42. 2008
..Clinical data and ongoing trials will be discussed in the context of this hypothesis...
- Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on diabetic nephropathy
Rigas Kalaitzidis
Hypertensive Diseases Unit, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
J Hypertens Suppl 27:S15-21. 2009
....
- The importance of blood pressure control in the patient with diabetes
George L Bakris
Departments of Preventative and Internal Medicine, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Am J Med 116:30S-38S. 2004
..The new beta-blockers may play an important role in achieving blood pressure goals...
- Predictors of hyperkalemia risk following hypertension control with aldosterone blockade
Nitin Khosla
Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Am J Nephrol 30:418-24. 2009
..This study assesses the risk factors for hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and resistant hypertension whose blood pressure (BP) is reduced to a guideline goal...
- Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk
Zvezdana Bogojevic
Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Heart Fail Clin 2:53-9. 2006
- Initial assessment, surveillance, and management of blood pressure in patients receiving vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway inhibitors
Michael L Maitland
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841Chicago, IL 60637, USA
J Natl Cancer Inst 102:596-604. 2010
..Proper agent selection, dosing, and scheduling of follow-up should enable maintaining VSP inhibition while avoiding the complications associated with excessive or prolonged elevation in BP...
- Rosiglitazone reduces microalbuminuria and blood pressure independently of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria
George L Bakris
Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
J Hypertens 24:2047-55. 2006
..To test the hypothesis that rosiglitazone combined with metformin provides a greater reduction in microalbuminuria and blood pressure than metformin and glyburide at comparable levels of glycemic control...
- Preventing hypertensive kidney disease: the critical role of combination therapy
George L Bakris
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Am J Hypertens 18:93S-94S. 2005
- Cardiovascular risk factors in hypertension: rationale and design of studies to investigate the effects of controlled-release carvedilol on regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and lipid profile
George L Bakris
Hypertension Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
Am J Cardiol 98:46L-52L. 2006
..These will be the first head-to-head trials using carvedilol CR to determine whether the differing pharmacologic actions among beta-blockers result in varying effects on cardiovascular risk factors...
- Implications of albuminuria on kidney disease progression
George L Bakris
Rush University Hypertension Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 West Van Buren Street, Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 6:18-22. 2004
..Use of an angiotensin receptor blocker added to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or vice versa can further lower albuminuria by an additional 30%-40%, which is not true of the additional lowering of BP...
- Microalbuminuria: what is it? Why is it important? What should be done about it? An update
Atul Chugh
Hypertension Center, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, IL 60637, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 9:196-200. 2007
..The National Kidney Foundation recommends that blood pressure levels be maintained at or below 130/80 mm Hg in anyone with diabetes or kidney disease...
- Plasma parathyroid hormone level and prevalent cardiovascular disease in CKD stages 3 and 4: an analysis from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)
Rohit Bhuriya
Department of Medicine, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
Am J Kidney Dis 53:S3-10. 2009
..This analysis aims to assess whether serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level is an independent risk factor for CVD in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4...
- Are chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide equivalent blood-pressure-lowering medications?
Nitin Khosla
Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Hypertension Clinical Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 7:354-6. 2005
- Executive summary: Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) 2007 Annual Data Report
George Bakris
Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Am J Kidney Dis 51:S1-2. 2008
