Human granulocytic anaplasmosisJohan S Bakken
Department of Family Medicine, University of Minnesota Duluth, School of Medicine, 1001 E Superior Street, Suite L201, Duluth, MN 55202, USA
Infect Dis Clin North Am 22:433-48, viii. 2008
..This article focuses on the diagnosis and management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum...
Clinical diagnosis and treatment of human granulocytotropic anaplasmosisJohan S Bakken
St Luke s Infectious Disease Associates, 1001 East First Street, Suite L201, Duluth, Minnesota 55802, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078:236-47. 2006
..Thus, prompt institution of antibiotic therapy is advocated for any patient who is suspected to have HGA and for all patients who have confirmed HGA...
The fluoroquinolones: how long will their utility last?Johan S Bakken
St Luke s Infectious Disease Associates, Duluth, Minnesota 55805, USA
Scand J Infect Dis 36:85-92. 2004
..Fluoroquinolone resistance relates directly to human and veterinary usage and emerging bacterial resistance poses the single greatest threat to the future survival of the fluoroquinolone drugs as an antibiotic class...
The serological response of patients infected with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosisJohan S Bakken
Section of Infectious Diseases, St Mary Duluth Clinic Health System, Duluth, MN 55805, USA
Clin Infect Dis 34:22-7. 2002
..Indirect fluorescent antibody testing of acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples is a sensitive tool for laboratory confirmation of HGE...
Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantationJohan S Bakken
St Luke s Infectious Disease Associates, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:1044-9. 2011
..Fecal microbiota transplantation is safe, inexpensive, and effective; according to case and small series reports, about 90% of patients are cured. We discuss the rationale, methods, and use of fecal microbiota transplantation...
Resolution of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea using staggered antibiotic withdrawal and kefirJohan S Bakken
Section of Infectious Disease, St Luke s Medical Center, Duluth, USA
Minn Med 92:38-40. 2009
..Further studies will be needed to determine whether gradual antibiotic withdrawal combined with kefir is a valuable treatment for recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea...
The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of AmericaGary P Wormser
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
Clin Infect Dis 43:1089-134. 2006
..Tables list the doses and durations of antimicrobial therapy recommended for treatment and prevention of Lyme disease and provide a partial list of therapies to be avoided. A definition of post-Lyme disease syndrome is proposed...
Antibiotic susceptibilities of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum strains from various geographic areas in the United StatesMax Maurin
, , , Marseille, France
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:413-5. 2003
..The results are homogeneous and show that doxycycline, rifampin, and levofloxacin are the most active antibiotics against these strains in vitro...
Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatmentJ Stephen Dumler
Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Clin Infect Dis 45:S45-51. 2007
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Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and macrophage activationJ Stephen Dumler
Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Clin Infect Dis 45:199-204. 2007
..Macrophage activation and excessive cytokine production may belie tissue injury associated with Ananplasma phagocytophilum infection...
Successful treatment of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in children using rifampinPeter J Krause
Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, USA
Pediatrics 112:e252-3. 2003
..A course of rifampin for 5 to 7 days should be considered in children younger than 8 years of age who experience non-life-threatening A phagocytophilum infection...
Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis--United States: a practical guide for physicians and other health-care and public health professionalsAlice S Chapman
National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
MMWR Recomm Rep 55:1-27. 2006
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The value of an infectious diseases specialistRussell M Petrak
Metro Infectious Disease Consultants, Hinsdale, Illinois 60521, USA
Clin Infect Dis 36:1013-7. 2003
..This article summarizes the versatile attributes possessed by ID specialists and delineates their value to patients, hospitals, and other integral groups in the health care continuum...
Dispelling the chronic Lyme disease mythMelissa M Kemperman
Minnesota Department of Health, USA
Minn Med 91:37-41. 2008
..If active infection with B. burgdorferi is unlikely, they should avoid prescribing empiric antibiotic therapy and instead thoroughly evaluate the patient for other possible causes of the complaints and recommend appropriate care...
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilumJ Stephen Dumler
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 11:1828-34. 2005
..More study is needed to define the immunology and pathogenetic mechanisms and to understand why severe disease develops in some persons and why some animals become long-term permissive reservoir hosts...
A case of Sweet syndrome associated with human granulocytic anaplasmosisCharles L G Halasz
Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Arch Dermatol 141:887-9. 2005
..CONCLUSION: The significant involvement of neutrophils with both SS and HGA warrants a broader search for additional cases that may further define whether pathogenetic linkages could exist...