Gert Lubec

..We could prove the existence of these 14 proteins in the human neuron, extending the list of proteins with neuronal expression and identify possible new candidate marker proteins...

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..Furthermore, decreased moesin is the second F-actin bundling protein, besides drebrin, that is manifold reduced in fetal DS brain...

..Therapeutic modalities that target these factors including antioxidants and caspase inhibitors might have some benefit in alleviating the symptoms of DS...

..Several other analytical problems need to be overcome, but once the latter problem can be solved, there is nothing to stop the method for a large scale analysis of membrane proteins in neuroscience...

..Identification of mitosis-dependent proteins is of importance for the interpretation of previous work and for designing future experiments...

..The finding that the neuronal protein NeuN is able to discriminate between good and bad performers in the MWM may be of major interest and may open a new area in the search for protein markers of spatial memory performance...

..Increased crossings in the OF may indicate modulated anxiety-related behavior observed in patients with DS...

..The finding that somatostatin-14 was also induced in the SGS742-treated yoked controls points to a drug side effect, and therefore the role of somatostatin-14 for cognitive enhancement remains open...

..Our findings suggest that overexpressed SOD1 directly or by generating reactive oxygen species may lead to aberrant protein expressional patterns that in turn may lead to or reflect neurodegeneration observed in this animal model...

..The study forms the molecular basis for further evaluation of the functional roles of the differentially expressed proteins in ND...

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..Data presented herein highlight the importance of careful selection of the mouse strain for studies of synaptic plasticity...

..Four proteins verified by immunoblotting could be shown to be involved in training in the MWM as a global effect, independent of the strain tested...

..The current study extends knowledge on rapamycin in memory mechanisms and challenges work on deeper insights into the role of mTOR in different phases of memory formation and retrieval...

..Modification of receptor complex stoichiometry in the hippocampus in turn may well be responsible for cognitive differences observed in spatial memory between mouse strains...

..PP-1A is a key signalling element in synaptic plasticity and memory processes and is herein shown to be paralleling olfactory discrimination representing olfactory memory...

..We conclude that nNOS knockout mice show impaired spatial performance in the MWM, a finding that may be either linked to direct effects of nNOS/NO and/or to specific hippocampal protein derangements...

..Significantly different protein spots were identified by two mass spectrometry principles, nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS and by nano-LC-ESI(CID/ETD)-MS/MS. Signaling, chaperone and metabolic enzyme proteins were linked to memory enhancement...

..The findings propose the involvement of the corresponding cascades and challenge further work into aberrant signaling and oxidative stress in SCI, which may form the basis for experimental intervention for spinal cord trauma...

..It was observed that the use of trypsin, chymotrypsin and Asp-N with bioinformatic handling by the MASCOT and Modiro software is sufficient to obtain complete sequencing of a highly hydrophobic membrane protein...

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..005 was considered as statistically significant thus respecting multiple testing. The biological meaning of changed protein levels in hippocampus under different conditions of exercise is not known but warrants further investigation...

..Fascin dysregulation is of relevance for actin bundling in vesicle trafficking and may represent or lead to impaired neurotransmission that, in turn, may lead to the cognitive defect observed in this mouse model of Down syndrome...

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..Knowledge on effectors of TrkC signaling may represent a first useful step for the identification of marker candidates or reflecting probable pharmacological targets for specific treatment of MB...

..These findings demonstrate p27 localization during the mammalian cell cycle to be under the control of the tumor suppressor tuberin...

..These findings open up an exciting possibility for discerning the cellular roles of FAB in tumor biology...

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..These findings are important for interpretation of previous results and design of future studies on synapsins...

..Moreover, it is intriguing to demonstrate the differences between good and poor extinction performance at the protein level...

..05) in fetal DS brain, and domain analysis suggests involvement in cytoskeleton, signaling, and chaperone system abnormalities...

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..The results represent so far the largest database of mouse brain proteins and provide valuable information for the design of proteomic studies in the mouse...

..It would have negative effects on proliferation and differentiation of these cells. In differentiated neuronal cells Bach2 expression is upregulated, which could allow Bach2 to function as a gatekeeper of the differentiated status...

..These results form the basis for functional studies elucidating mechanisms and links between exercise and hippocampal signaling and function...

..Moreover, signaling differences in hippocampus are challenging cognitive studies during these two metestrus phases probably revealing cognitive differences between early and late metestrus...

..This first connection of tuberin to another common disease beside TSC stimulates new approaches to investigate the molecular development and to establish new therapeutic strategies...

..These data contribute to the understanding that different time points may use different signaling cascades...

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..Protein levels were linked to spatial memory specifically as yoked controls were used...

..Although there is some evidence that biotinylated G-CSF analogues are active, it remains open whether this modification may be responsible for the side effects observed or lead to changes of antigenicity...

..These data provide the basis for the functional characterization of brain Lck, describing the importance of Lck as a critical regulator of both neuronal morphology and in vivo long-term memory...

..The role of the PTMs remains elusive but nitration, in analogy to nitration effects reported in literature, proposes a role for mechanoelastic proteins and protein-protein interactions...

..Differential protein expression in trained vs. yoked mice and in good and no-performers may allow insight into spatial memory formation as well as represent tentative pharmacological targets...

..In addition to the presence of OVCA2 in medulloblastoma, it was furthermore detectable in three out of 10 human tumour cell-lines as a high abundance protein probably suggesting a role in the tumour biology...

..The findings of different PTMs in the same gel represent Mn-SOD oxidative states, while oxidative modification of His30 and 31 may even reflect decreased Mn-SOD activity...

..Decreased dynamin-1 levels may be considered as a long-term effect on the exocytotic system possibly reflecting or leading to impaired neuronal transport and vesicle-trafficking in PA of the rat of advanced age...

..Several serine phosphorylation sites were confirmed, and a novel phosphorylation site was observed at Ser-546 in synapsin IIa in all gels analyzed...

..These data provide important new insights into the molecular development of this disease especially since both, the TSC genes and the 14-3-3 proteins, are known to be involved in mammalian cell cycle control...

..Our data indicate that FAK has a growth-promoting effect, is importantly involved in the regulation of the synaptic function and mediates in vivo hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory...

..This observation shows that a specific complex rather than a receptor subunit as previously shown is involved in memory process and the receptor protein was characterized...

..Herein, findings of novel phosphorylation sites are extending knowledge on chemical characterization of the NMDA-R and warrant studying function of site-specific receptor phosphorylation in health and disease...

..The experimental approach, however, does not allow discriminating between differences in protein levels a priori and different protein levels induced by the MWM testing. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

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..Care has to be taken when protein expressional findings are to be interpreted in the presence of plasma proteins, including apo A-I, thus clearly representing a confounding factor...

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..Reduced SP levels along with findings of two novel phosphorylation sites may be relevant for interpretation of previous and the design of future studies on this receptor system...

..The aim of the present study was to characterize the nature of the inhibitory molecules present in myelin...

..Detection of significantly increased pCaMKII, BDNF, PSD-95 and egr-1 induced by behavioral training at the protein level per se is intriguing and supports the proposed importance of these molecules for neuronal information storage...

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..Taken together, aberrant protein levels from several pathways in fetal DS are challenging as well as fertilizing the area of research and providing the basis for additional neurochemical and functional studies...

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..It is intriguing that individual mouse strains, laboratory or wild caught, may use different signaling pathways for spatial memory in the Morris water maze...

..We suggest compensatory mechanisms for the upregulation at the transcriptional level. We propose that SNAP-25 as many other brain proteins are regulated by protein stability rather than at the mRNA level...

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..The protocol takes approximately 10 d to complete and may represent a step forward in the complex analysis of other membrane or hydrophobic proteins...

..Results from this study, although increasing complexity of protein knowledge, may help to design further investigations at the protein level and may assist to interpret literature on protein expression and brain protein levels...

..Protein levels of translational, splicing, processing, chaperone, protein handling, and metabolism machineries were shown to depend on neurotrophin-3-induced TrkC activation probably representing pharmacological targets...

..Three identified HPs were extracted from gels and renatured, and pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase, and antioxidant activities were revealed, findings in agreement with functional predictions...

..Furthermore, analytical data given are of major relevance as pIs, a prerequisite to find proteins in a map, cannot be predicted from nucleic acid sequences...

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..Intrahypoxic hypothermia was able to protect the rat from the devastating effect of perinatal asphyxia not in morphological, but in functional terms...

..The concomitant expressional patterns of several protein classes are given and potential neuronal and astrocytic marker candidates are presented...

..These results suggest derangement of intermediary metabolism during prenatal development of DS individuals...

..Deranged centractins and F-actin capping proteins may represent or induce deficient axonal transport and may well contribute to deterioration of the cytoskeleton's mitotic functions in trisomy 21...

..The fact that transmembrane, basic, acidic as well as hydrophobic proteins with a positive Gravy Index can be resolved warrants work on further improvement of this analytical tool...

..Moreover, while up-regulation of Prx II appears to provide evidence for the existence of compensatory response in increased cell loss, up-regulation of Prx VI may be used to discriminate PD from AD as well as DS...

..Decreased HMT in DS would be compatible with findings of decreased histamine synthesis, thus reflecting a compensation mechanism to antagonize reduced synthesis by decreased degradation...

..Reduced drebrin could be responsible for or representing the loss of spine plasticity in DS and may be a useful indicator for the impaired arborization in neurodegenerative disorders...

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..Decreased alpha-NAC may result in the mistargeting, mistranslation, and proteolysis of proteins by affecting overall NAC function...

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..Overexpression of PDI protein in sCJD brain may simply reflect a cellular defense response against the altered prion protein...

..It may be a useful tool in the investigation of protein changes in neurodegenerative diseases early in life...

..5kDa was significantly elevated (P<0.05) in fetal Down syndrome. This finding offers an important clue that a hypothetical protein might be involved in the pathomechanisms of brain abnormality in Down syndrome...

..The existence of formerly HP proteins in the PN of human fetal brain is shown, thus extending knowledge of the brain proteome and proposing the method used as a suitable analytical tool for searching HP...

..Moreover, these data highlight the importance of the genetic background for the analysis of signaling pathways in the hippocampus in wild-type mice as well as in gene-targeting experiments...

..Preparative electrophoresis is an efficient method for the enrichment of proteins of low molecular mass and may be useful in the investigation of disorders of the central nervous system...

..On the basis of mass spectrometry evidence, we conclude that lipid-peroxidation and protein nitration do take place on an important signalling protein that may be prevented by specific experimental therapeutic interventions...

..g., antioxidant, metabolic, cytoskeleton, proteasomal, and chaperone pathways were developmentally regulated, which is relevant for design and interpretation of protein chemical studies in the mammalian brain...

..005). Aberrant protein levels may reflect molecular changes of CF as well as CF-linked inflammation, infection and cellular stress response...

..Proteomic profiling of the hippocampus, a brain region with a pivotal role for neuronal information processing and storage may provide insight into the characteristics of proteins serving this highly sophisticated function...

..SLP-2 is a high abundance protein in several tissues and cells and may play an important biological role and therefore characterization of its primary structure is of importance...

..The findings are useful for designing future studies on these cascades and interpretation of results show that data on brain protein levels cannot be simply extrapolated among different mouse strains...

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..However, mechanisms that underlie the observed dysfunctional brain development in Down syndrome are not clear...

..Using fractionations of brain homogenates we were able to improve the power of the method on forming the basis for brain protein expressional studies and providing a reference map as a powerful tool for the neuroscientist...

..The antiapoptotic principle, Ded protein, found in both cell lineages may stand for immortalization but could also determine malignancy per se in medulloblastoma...