Cornelia Lass-Flörl

..In conclusion, our study demonstrates the importance of the type of inoculum used to test antifungals and the applicability of FUN-1 staining as a rapid and sensitive method for assaying the viability of hyphae...

..zopfii following unrelated stem cell transplantation for leukemia. Breakthrough protothecosis occurred during long-term administration of voriconazole in the case of pulmonary aspergillosis...

..The performance of Aspergillus PCR from tissue samples should be recommended in addition to microscopic examination and culture technique for sensitive detection of fungal infection...

..The results suggest that this PCR method has possible clinical value for improving the diagnosis of invasive Aspergillus infection. Monitoring of blood under antifungal therapy is not recommended...

..Most patients remained infected with the colonized strains for the entire study period, irrespective of antifungal prophylaxis...

..For conidia and aleurioconidia, the MIC at which 90% of strains were inhibited was 2.5 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml with amphotericin B and 1 microg/ml and 2 microg/ml with voriconazole...

..05). Thus azoles showed significant inoculum effects, while AMB showed comparatively minimum inoculum effects against Aspergillus spp...

..Performance of Aspergillus PCR using tissue samples is recommended in addition to microscopic examination and culture technique for sensitive detection of fungal infection...

..In conclusion, our findings suggest that the interaction between sertraline and Candida spp. may also diminish the virulence properties of this fungal pathogen in vivo...

..In conclusion, these in vitro studies clearly demonstrate antifungal effects of 5 HT. Identifying the mode of action could be of great help in developing and researching new antifungal drugs...

..This study demonstrates the importance of the type of inoculum used to test antifungal susceptibilities of Aspergillus spp. The significance of these results for in vivo outcome needs to be determined...

..68 to 117.5 mM and 29.37 to 235 mM during 24 and 48 h of incubation. Several serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT2, 5-HT3) studied in vitro did not influence antifungal activity...

..terreus causes systemic infections of endemic character in Tyrol, Austria. The onset of A. terreus infection depends not on the degree of immunosuppression but on environmental Aspergillus spp. exposure...

..fumigatus and A. flavus. In conclusion, our in vitro studies clearly demonstrate antifungal effects of SSRIs. Animal studies are needed to evaluate the potential role of these psychotropic drugs in the management of fungal infections...

..During sertraline intervention, patients had no recurrent episodes of acute VVC. Antifungal activity was observed for sertraline against various isolates of Candida species...

..Our results indicate the potential usefulness of PCR for screening for Aspergillus spp. in patients at risk, but without antifungal treatment...

..This article addresses epidemiological aspects, exposure factors, and preventive aspects with special attention to construction work in hospitals...

..Candida krusei (Ck) may cause severe infections in immunocompromised hosts and is innately resistant to fluconazole...

..These data indicate that low local complement synthesis and activation may represent a central reason for the insufficient antifungal defense in the brain and the high mortality rate of cerebral aspergillosis...

..AMB, l-AMB, and POS were active against the majority of pathogens, including species that cause rare and difficult-to-treat infections...

..POS-AMB had more synergistic activity against hyphae (75% of isolates) than VRZ-AMB (37%) and significantly more synergistic activity against hyphae than against conidia (12%)...

..The sensitivity and specificity of computerized tomography, Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction, and galactomannan enzyme immunoassay were 100% and 50%, 100% and 86%, and 88% and 94%, respectively...

..Anidulafungin exhibited excellent activity against conidia and hyphae of Aspergillus spp. The visual reading of the MIC for anidulafungin was optimal under hypoxic conditions...

..The combination of posaconazole with amphotericin B was found to be significantly more synergistic (40%) against hyphae (P < 0.05) than against conidia (10%). Antagonism was not observed...

..This is the 1st report on a pulmonary breakthrough aspergillosis caused by A. niveus in a 21-year-old woman after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Fanconi anemia...

..7, P = 0.018). A significant decrease in fungus-related deaths was observed despite a significant increase of IFI over time, probably due to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches...

..015) were significantly more frequently infected with fungi. Hospital-independent fungal sources highlight risk-factors for IMI in severe immunocompromised patients and the rate of community-acquired IMI does increase...

..terreus was significantly higher than that in A. fumigatus (P < 0.05). This higher-level production may contribute to AMB resistance in A. terreus since oxidative damage has been implicated in AMB action...

..Thus, exploration of these substances may lead to novel approaches for adjunctive treatment of cerebral aspergillosis...

..fumigatus infection in rats. Here we report on the further evaluation of the most promising (68)Ga-siderophore candidates, triacetylfusarinine (TAFC) and ferrioxamine E (FOXE)...

..whereas phagocytosis was similar for all isolates tested in vitro. No differences were observed within environmental and clinical isolates...

..Glutamine or arginine are of special interest for this purpose since they represent endogenous substances in the CNS and might be included in a future supportive therapy to reduce the high lethality of cerebral aspergillosis...

..This article analyzes the study, discusses the rationale and the results and concludes that this study supports the routine application of L-AMB...

..05). 5-HT treatment for 4h resulted in a lag of re-growth (post-antifungal effect). In conclusion, our findings suggest that 5-HT affects hyphal growth and diminishes fungal cell membrane integrity...

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..Composite tissue allograft recipients require intensive immunosuppression and are therefore at risk of infections. Filamentous fungal infections are among the complications most difficult to manage in organ transplant recipients...

..05). A lack of antifungal effects was observed with the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D. Platelets attenuate the virulence of Aspergillus species in vitro on the basis of granule-dependent effects...

..Early recognition of infections caused by pathogens that are resistant to one or more antifungals is highly warranted to optimise treatment and patient outcome...

..This strengthens the hypothesis that HIV-induced complement synthesis represents an important mechanism for the pathogenesis of AIDS in the brain...

..Thus we recommend the SeptiFast assay as a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections in addition to, but not as replacement for, the blood culture test...

..No strain similarity in either institution was detected, indicating great genetic diversity of A. terreus...

..Caspofungin represents a significant advance in the care of patients with serious fungal infections...

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..Among them, amphotericin B displays the best activity against Prototheca spp. Diagnosis is largely made upon detection of characteristic structures observed on histopathologic examination of tissue...

..Posaconazole and anidulafungin had the lowest and amphotericin B the highest MICs. No differences in susceptibility patterns were observed between environmental and clinical isolates...

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..Detection of macromolecular microbial antigens generally requires a relatively large microbial burden, which may limit assay sensitivity...

..Nonradioactive generator columns were loaded with various microorganisms and tested to determine whether the microorganisms were proliferating or surviving in eluates of the columns...

..ISAV exhibited good antifungal activity against the tested isolates with the exception of Aspergillus niger and Mucorales. The in vitro activity of ISAV was comparable to that of voriconazole aside from Mucorales...

..Choice between agents should be based on a variety of factors, including spectrum of activity, adverse events, drug interactions, route of administration, clinical efficacy of individual agents and local epidemiology...

..The membrane deposition thus might suggest complement-induced lysis of bystander neurons as a potential mechanism for cell damage during viral infection of the brain...

..A proportion of 4% of vials was not sterile. A training programme for health care workers in aseptic techniques and for validation of the preparation of solutions for parenteral use should be installed...

..Complement indeed seems to represent an important selection pressure and evokes the development of fungal evasion mechanisms. Counteractions for these evasion processes might represent interesting therapeutic approaches...

..Our experiments clearly define the mechanism for the induction of complement factors in the HIV-infected brain and reveal a decisive role of the regulator protein C/EBPdelta for the HIV-induced increase in C3 expression...

..These findings imply that measuring platelet activation in patients might be an interesting diagnostic parameter...

..This study compared the efficacy of bacterial detection with inactivation for reducing the risk associated with transfusion of platelet (PLT) components contaminated with low levels of bacteria...

..This article reviews the available methods for antifungal susceptibility testing in Aspergillus spp. as well as the scant data regarding the clinical implications of in vitro testing...

..Interestingly, these drugs are neither fungistatic nor fungicidal at the concentrations applied. Laccaridione B may represent a promising novel type of antimycotic drug--targeting virulence factors without killing the yeast...

..However, we also mention the 'Yin-Yang' nature of the complement system in fungal infections, as growing evidence assigns to complement a contributory part in the pathogenesis of fungus-induced allergic manifestations...

..EUCAST-AFST-ASPERGILLUS) defining breakpoints. This paper reviews the available methods for antifungal susceptibility-testing in Aspergillus spp. as well as the scant data regarding the clinical implications of in vitro testing...

..N-Chlorotaurine (NCT), a mild endogenous oxidant with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, has been tested for the first time in CRS...

..albicans strain 10S was not inhibitable by an anti-YKT receptor antibody. In conclusion, HIV-1 interacts with different clinically important Candida spp., and may thereby affect the outcome of the respective fungal infection...

..Antigen opsonization can modulate the capture of antigen, its presentation, and the priming of specific CD8(+) T-cell responses...

..The present article reviews these aspects for invasive aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis, the two most common life-threatening fungal infections...

..Reports on well documented in vitro and in vivo resistance to echinocandins are rare for Aspergillus species and resistance may be under-diagnosed as susceptibility testing is less frequently performed due to technical reasons...

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..Finally, the CMCOs did not exert any cytotoxicity and did not inhibit proliferation of the cells. In vitro, our CMCOs are promising candidates as biologically active anti-HIV reagents for future in vivo applications...

..In this review, the in vitro and in vivo activity of anidulafungin and voriconazole, both new antimycotic substances with a different mode of action, are analyzed...

..EUCAST and CLSI should continue their efforts to harmonize their methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and to define additional and shareable epidemiological cutoff values and clinical breakpoints...

..fumigatus virulence. We aimed to evaluate the potential of siderophores radiolabeled with (68)Ga, a positron emitter with complexing properties comparable to those of Fe(III), as a radiopharmaceutical for imaging IPA...

..This paper reviews the available methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts and filamentous fungi and the data regarding the clinical implications of in vitro testing...

..Combining culture, microscopy, serology, and PCR in lung tissues and/or bronchial samples will increase the diagnostic yield by 99%. Here, we give an overview of biopsy procedures for molecular tissue diagnosis of IFI...

..Silver released from these new catheters should have an anti-microbacterial effect. This study examines the silver ion release and a potential effect of bacterial growth in an in vitro experiment...

..albicans to human cells by HIV protease inhibitors is not a general feature, but strongly cell type-dependent, and clearly not observed for endothelial cells in vitro, which are a main target of systemic candidiasis in vivo...