S Kasper

..Zotepine improved both positive and negative symptoms and was not accompanied by extrapyramidal side-effects, justifying its classification as an atypical antipsychotic...

..07 depending on the methodology) was found in favor of tianeptine. All in all, this study confirmed that tianeptine is at least as effective as SSRI, with a trend for a better acceptability profile in the treatment of depressed patients...

..The availability of reboxetine represents a significant addition to the currently available pharmacologic armamentarium for the treatment of depression...

..Concomitant treatment with tamsulosin should be considered for those patients in whom urinary hesitancy may lead to withdrawal from reboxetine therapy...

..John's wort preparations comprise patients with mild or moderate depression. Based on the existing literature, limitations to efficacy in more severe cases as well as interactions and contraindications have to be respected...

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..13 (-1.23, -1.04) and after 156 weeks, it was -1.33 (-1.78, -0.87). Therefore, the efficacy of quetiapine for the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms is maintained in long-term treatment...

..Our data provide insight into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and may guide future psychopharmacological drug developments...

..Although extracts from Hypericum have long played a major role in the treatment of mild to moderate depression, information pertaining to the drug's therapeutic profile is sparse...

..The aim of this paper is to review available data detailing the clinical outcome of intravenously administered citalopram in depressed patients...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide no evidence for in vivo functional regulation of 5-HTT availability by 5-HTTLPR in the thalamus-hypothalamus and mesencephalon-pons of healthy subjects...

..No clinical relevant EPS occurred during treatment with olanzapine or clozapine. There was no correlation between the degree of striatal D2 receptor occupancy and clinical improvement...

..033) by this pharmacogenetic approach. A combined analysis with two previous studies (Shaikh et al., Hum. Genet. 97 (1996) 714-719; Malhotra et al., Mol. Psychiatry 3 (1998) 72-75) further substantiates these results (P=0.0041)...

..007). Our data are compatible with the hypothesis of a disease process that is not causally related to 5-HTTLPR, but involves 5-HT neurotransmission and 5-HTTLPR somewhere on its way to phenotypic disease expression...

..WS 5570 showed a beneficial effect in preventing relapse after recovery from acute depression. Tolerability in continuation and long-term maintenance treatment was on the placebo level...

..Four hours after injection of the tracer more than 40% of serotonin transporters were blocked. To our knowledge, this is the first direct documentation of the pharmacodynamic action of fluoxetine in the human brain in vivo...

..However, these findings provide evidence that brain dopaminergic systems may be involved in the pathophysiology of SAD...

..No association between 5-HT2a, DRD2, DRD3, DAT1 and bipolar disorder was found...

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..This might be of importance for the design of clinical trials and brain imaging studies in the future...

..Light therapy-induced remission from depression may be associated with changes in brain serotonin function...

..In the present study we compared the point prevalence rates of PMDD between a sample of premenopausal female patients suffering from SAD and healthy female controls...

..Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using (123)I iodobenzamide (IBZM) as tracer substance has been shown to be a useful tool to visualize dopamine 2 (D2) receptor occupancy...

..We investigated the effects of short-term tryptophan depletion (TD) on depressed patients who responded to a single night of total SD...

..The objective of our study was to measure DAT densities with [(123)I]-beta-CIT binding in TD patients who were either psychotropic drug naive or currently treated with antipsychotics (AP) and healthy controls...

..In conclusion, the 20-mg citalopram challenge test is thought to be a promising tool for further investigation of serotonergic function in psychiatric illness...

..The present results therefore do not provide evidence that the DRD2 and DRD4 receptor genes contribute a common and relevant effect to personality traits...

..With respect to acute psychotropic effects, the aim of this study is the comparison of an oral cannabis extract and low-dose diazepam in a cross-over experiment in drug-naïve healthy women...

..We are not aware of the psychiatric diagnoses in our post-mortem sample. However, the present results indicate that careless use of low-potent NLs should be avoided in patients with a potential risk of accidental or suicidal overdose...

..Mg i.v. may be a useful supplementary therapy for the clinical management of severe manic agitation. This open study needs double-blind confirmation...

..One possible hypothesis for the observed deliria is a central increase of norepinephrine after acute administration of mirtazapine. Subclinical brain disease might have favoured the occurrence of delirium in the three cases...

..Bright light therapy, beginning in the morning after partial sleep deprivation, is able to prevent the depressive relapse after the next night of sleep in sleep deprivation responders...

..There is a need for controlled studies on continuation therapy subsequent to successful ECT...

..The patient, now on 200 mg/day, is mostly asymptomatic and has functioned well for over 17 months, in contrast to 13 hospitalizations during the previous 10 years...

..Notably, it includes long-term prophylactic treatment with the same drug and the same therapeutic dose applied during acute treatment, uses well-defined outcome measures and provides a clear distinction between relapse and recurrence...

..Our study shows the effectiveness of fluoxetine in this depressive disorder. To confirm these preliminary results, a double-blind controlled study is necessary...

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..g. 5-HT1A) will further shed light on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia as well as possible psychopharmacological treatment perspectives...

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..The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effects of duloxetine in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD)...

..Data of our sample replicate prior findings of Desan et al. [Am. J. Med. Genet. 12 (2000) 418]. Subsamples of patients with high numbers of affective episodes did show some deviations in genotypes (p=0.0585)...

..The analysis shows that St. John's wort extract WS 5570 has a meaningful beneficial effect during acute treatment of patients suffering from mild depression and leads to a substantial increase in the probability of remission...

..This increased awareness of SAD can also be measured by a statistically significant reduction in the diagnostic latency (from the age of onset to the diagnosis of SAD) when comparing the two study locations...

..034). The significance of the hippocampus region survived the Bonferroni-adjusted threshold for multiple comparisons. These PET data in humans in vivo demonstrate a reduction of the 5-HT(1A) binding potential after SSRI treatment...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD, fall-winter depression)...

..Reviewed topics should make easy recognition and therapy possible for the general practitioner...

..In conclusion, our preliminary results are in line with evidence from recent studies suggesting that catecholaminergic systems might also be involved in the pathophysiology of SAD...

..We considered that completed opiate detoxification resulted in increased life expectancy and earning capacity as compared to non-completed detoxification...

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..Further studies of larger, double-blind, parallel-group design are warranted to confirm these findings...

..Furthermore, focus on seizure duration led to frequent high-dose restimulation in the elderly. The titration method obviates inadequate or excessive charges because the seizure threshold must first be determined...

..CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further independent support for RBD as a clinically significant syndrome that could not be significantly explained as a prodrome or residual of major affective disorders...

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..6 +/- 2.9). These findings were very consistent across all nine countries. The results from RODOS suggest that treatment costs are significantly higher with olanzapine than with risperidone without any clinical benefit to offset this...

..However, this effect was not only due to augmentation strategies for severely depressed inpatients. Further studies are needed to examine possible putative effects of AP augmentation treatment in mild to moderate depression...

..The paper also deals with medical complications of eating disorders, motivational interviewing in anorexia nervosa and treatment with self-help manuals in bulimia nervosa...

..Furthermore, we present diagnoses, diagnostic procedures and specific treatments of a sample of 100 consecutive inpatients treated in the years 2008 and 2009 at this ward...

..In conclusion, the clinical outcomes reported by RODOS suggest that risperidone may be more effective as a first-line therapy drug for schizophrenia than olanzapine...

..Knowledge gained through clinical experience is needed to augment clinical trial results and to help define the most effective use of each of these agents...

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..However, buprenorphine is clearly effective in the more motivated subjects and further investigation in this subgroup is recommended...

..Furthermore, successful treatment of RBD has been reported in a few patients with carbamazepine, nimodipine, and verapamil in controlled double-blind single-case analyses using a flexible cross-over design...

..001). Side effects were mild and transient. Altogether, the results of this preliminary study show that intravenous mirtazapine is an effective, safe and well tolerated treatment for depressed inpatients...

..Although hypotheses about the therapeutic mechanism of action of light therapy have focused on serotonergic mechanisms, the potential role, if any, of catecholaminergic pathways has not been fully explored...

..The present study demonstrates that the prescription of TCA or TCNL involves a relatively high risk of fatal intoxication...

..Future treatment studies without the limitations of previous studies are clearly needed in the field of RBD...

..Recent pharmacological studies revealed that hypericum extracts have a similar mechanism of action like the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), however, very likely to a smaller extent...

..Interestingly, tryptophan depletion prevented the relapse after the recovery night, possibly by enhancing brain serotonin transmission after the depletion procedure...

..The authors investigated the relationship between anxiety--a facet of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory dimension of neuroticism--and serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor binding potential...

..The objective of this study was to investigate 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BP) in social anxiety disorder (SAD)...

..Although we did not find an increased vulnerability for acute EPS in bipolar patients receiving olanzapine at clinical relevant doses, this needs to be replicated with larger sample sizes...

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..The current study compared the efficacy and safety of pregabalin and venlafaxine in patients diagnosed with moderate to severe GAD...

..The aim of the current study was to assess the antidepressant efficacy and safety of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) extract WS 5570 at doses of 600 mg/day in a single dose and 1200 mg/day in two doses...

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..The propensity of sertindole to cause anticholinergic effects, which can be particularly troublesome, is small and, more recently, there have been suggestions that sertindole may have beneficial effects on cognition...

..Secondary objectives included quality of life, subjective well-being, tolerability, and safety...

..It is the major problem facing efforts to identify the possible 'suicidal effects' of antidepressants...

..Further research could be conducted in non-seasonal depression as there is still a lack of studies on seasonality of birth in affective disorders...

..5-HTTLPR was not associated with any of the 5-HTT parameters. In sum, we conclude that the 5-HTT is in a hyperfunctional state during depression in SAD and normalizes after light therapy and in natural summer remission...

..These results suggest that the NRI reboxetine and the SSRIs differ with respect to their side-effect profile and overall tolerability but not their efficacy in treating MDD...

..The authors examined the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram and fluoxetine versus placebo in the treatment of elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)...

..Our finding is suggestive that not all atypical antipsychotics cause acute direct effects on glucose disposal and that accurate determination of side effect profile should be performed when choosing an atypical antipsychotic...

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..The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of escitalopram in a naturalistic sample of employed people with mood and anxiety disorders...

..In the present study, the occupancies of SERT after multiple doses of escitalopram and citalopram were compared using the radioligand [(123)I]ADAM and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)...

..The secondary aim was to examine response to treatment, as measured by change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from study entry to each visit, using observed cases...

..56 +/- 0.96 mmol/l; p = 0.126). The results of this study support the idea that low cholesterol levels may be of pathogenetic importance in SAD. Further study in larger clinical samples is warranted to clarify our findings...

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..First-line evidence data on incidence, dimensions and outcome of cognitive side effects under maintenance electroconvulsive therapy is still warranted...

..In conclusion, our results suggest involvement of circadian clock-related polymorphisms both in susceptibility to SAD and diurnal preference...

..Due to methodological limitations our results need to be replicated in controlled double-blind randomized clinical trials...

..Thus, there is a clear need for further controlled studies to evaluate pharmacological treatment options for this disorder...