S Regauer

..LS is a skin disease of presumed autoimmune origin. Autoimmune diseases are mediated by lymphocytes which occasionally produce a lymphocytic vasculitis...

..Cytokeratin (CK) 17 is a marker for cervical reserve (stem) cells, which give rise to metaplasia. The aim was to determine whether AIM can be reclassified into metaplasia and CIN III based on p16 and CK17 immunohistochemistry...

..Cytokeratin (CK) 15 and CK19 are considered markers for follicular stem cells located in the hair follicle bulge region...

..The presence of T cells with a monoclonally rearranged T-cell receptor gamma-gene (TCRgamma) has been described in up to 50% of biopsies of vulvar and penile LS...

..The lack of long-term follow up of patients with known monoclonally rearranged T-cell receptor gamma-chain gene in their LS biopsies, however, defers a final judgement on the clinical significance of our observations...

..BCCs showed no trichogenic differentiation and lacked an organized mesenchymal tumor component. The tumor stroma of BCCs was paucicellular, mucinous, or granulation tissue-like with an inflammatory infiltrate...

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..This case illustrates that TBs have the potential for malignant transformation and aggressive behavior...

..CONCLUSION: d-VIN in LS is rare, while p53 staining is common and best explained as an ischaemic stress response due to poor oxygenation, vasculitis and inflammation rather than as a marker of a precancerous lesion in LS...

..The high percentage of aromatase positivity in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas may have implications in the management of these tumors and offer new treatment modalities such as hormonal therapy with aromatase inhibitors...

..Therefore, patients with systemic diseases or malignancy should be carefully examined and followed for sudden changes in pre-existing benign cutaneous tumours...

..It should contribute to minimize the risks of subsequent solid organ transplantation from the same donor without immunosuppression...

..ESS without EST expression may have increased levels of biologically active estrogen, which explains the tumor progression of this entity and these patients may be at increased risk for recurrences and metastases...

..In cervical carcinogenesis, the link between formal pathogenesis apparent as colposcopic and histomorphologic changes and the causal pathogenesis of HPV-induced genetic changes is still missing and an issue for future research...

..Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas are steroid receptor positive tumors with slow tumor progression and high recurrence rates, which lack established treatment protocols. We present an update on hormonal therapy options...

..In conclusion, the lesion was considered a benign endometrial stromal nodule with an unusual morphology and increased proliferation rate due to the hormonal stimuli of pregnancy...

..All patients with scores 2 and 3 showed HER2 oncogene amplification. Overexpression of p185Her2 and HER2 oncogene amplification appears to be common in recurrent vulvar Paget's disease...

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..DISCUSSION: Adjuvant hormonal therapy presently appears to be used predominantly in women with advanced or recurrent endometrial stromal sarcomas but is also a potential option for patients after surgery without residual tumor...

..Therapy with Imatinib has been proposed as a therapeutic option, although in most reports desmoid tumours are reported to be c-kit-...

..Recognition and treatment of these early stages of LS may result in longstanding remission. Progression to atrophic stages with their associated morbidity and even to squamous cell carcinoma may be prevented...

..The patient is currently alive and free of disease nine years after the initial diagnosis. Conclusion: Aggressive chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell support seems to be ineffective in patients with ESS...

..Polymorphism 1558 C > T in the aromatase gene may represent a high-risk allele with increased local estrogen levels...

..Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are rare uterine tumors with unknown etiological risk factors, but estrogen-dependent growth promotion...

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..Patients with missed inguinal disease, however, have a risk of dying from systemic disease. SLN dissections reduce morbidity, but work-up should reliably identify metastatic disease...

..The resulting local immune dysregulation in LS may provide a permissive environment for the development of a SCC...

..It is our impression, that these tumors may be diagnosed more often in the intestinal tract if molecular genetic analysis and immunohistochemistry are used routinely, at least for all anaplastic tumors...

..Clear cell carcinomas represent a distinct group of penile cancers that may have a different clinical behavior than usual penile squamous cell carcinomas...

..To analyze the prevalence of lichen sclerosus and psoriasis in gynecologic patients...

..The differential diagnosis includes seborrheic keratosis, verruca simplex, condyloma acuminatum, granular cell myoblastoma, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, bowenoid papulosis, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and verrucous carcinoma...

..It is important to differentiate the yolk sac and carcinoid components due to their different responses to chemotherapy and to evaluate the possibility of mucinous carcinoid developing into a highly aggressive carcinoma...

..The goal of the study was to reliably estimate the number of fetal engrafted cells and to further investigate factors influencing the development of MCH...