P Marhofer

..This review article describes the basics in small part ultrasonography and highlights new developments in ultrasonographic-guided regional anaesthetic techniques and vascular access...

..This review article provides an overview of these 'hot' topics in PRA...

..A critical view on education and ethics in science should emphasize future developments in ultrasonography for pediatric regional anesthesia...

..This study confirms our previous published ED(95) volume for mepivacaine 1% to block peripheral nerves. The volume of local anaesthetic has some influence on the sensory onset time...

..We tested the hypothesis that sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane do not impair LV diastolic function in young healthy humans...

..In addition, epidural catheters are sometimes difficult to advance. The present study was performed to evaluate an optimal ultrasound technique for direct visualization of neuraxial structures in children...

..The second part describes the impact of ultrasound on the development of nerve block techniques in the past 5 yr...

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..The potential role of ultrasound guidance for neuraxial block is addressed. The need for further large-scale studies of the role of ultrasound is emphasized...

..Considering their enormous potential, these techniques should have a role in the future training of anaesthetists...

..This consecutive case series was designed to describe the ultrasound appearance of the lateral thoracic paravertebral space (PVS) and develop an ultrasound-guided method for PVB...

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..The most important issue in this context is theoretical background knowledge and intensive training of hand skills. The following review article discusses all relevant aspects of ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blockade...

..The purpose of this study was an anatomical and clinical evaluation of ultrasonography-guided rectus sheath blocks in children...

..Ultrasound guidance requires additional training and good manual skills, and should only be used once experience in ultrasound-guided techniques of regional anaesthesia has been acquired...

..25% levobupivacaine, where the success rate was again 100%. We conclude that ultrasonographic guidance for ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks in children allowed a reduction of the volume of local anesthetic to 0.075 mL/kg...

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..We therefore investigated whether ultrasound guidance for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks prolongs sensory blockade in comparison with nerve stimulator guidance in children...

..0 mg.kg-1 group. Intranasal application of ethyl chloride spray seems to be an effective therapy for midazolam induced hiccups in paediatric anaesthesia. The incidence of these hiccups is highly age significant, but not dose dependent...

..Caudal block in sedated, spontaneously breathing patients might be a safe alternative...

..The purpose of the current study was to compare the clinical effectiveness and plasma concentrations of S(+)-ketamine after caudal or intramuscular administration in children to distinguish between local and systemic analgesia...

..The aim of this study was to determine concentration-time profiles of ropivacaine after the injection of 150 mg of ropivacaine into the lateral abdominal wall in various compartments...

..To evaluate the effects of clonidine on three local anesthetics (mepivacaine 1%, ropivacaine 0.75% and bupivacaine 0.5%) with comparable potency and almost the same concentration-response relationship...

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..This randomized, double-blinded volunteer study was designed to evaluate the ED(99) volume of local anaesthetic for sciatic nerve blocks using a step-up/step-down methodology...

..Furthermore, the deviations of the absolute VAS values in individual patients for each descriptive pain term were significantly smaller with PAULA than with the standard VAS...

..In addition, the pain associated with nerve stimulation due to muscle contractions at the time of insertion is eliminated...

..The first part this article reviews new scientific findings in the field of paediatric regional anaesthesia. The second part focuses on safety aspects and on the impact of ultrasound on paediatric regional anaesthesia...

..Beside their beneficial effect against potential harmful intraoperative noise, they reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness with recall...

..The intra- and postoperative requirements for additional analgesia are significantly lower than with the conventional method...

..Dose-response studies of S(+)-ketamine for rectal premedication in pediatric anesthesia may be warranted...

..We investigated the safety and efficacy of a low-dose propofol-based sedation regimen in a broad age range of children...

..The present study was designed to investigate the practicability of ultrasound-guided vascular access to the great saphenous vein (GSV) at the level of the medial malleolus in infants ≤ 12 months...

..This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of ultrasonographic-guided interscalene brachial plexus blockade (ISB) in comparison with general anaesthesia (GA) for arthroscopic shoulder surgery...

..The effect of brain MRI at differing magnetic field strengths on body core temperature in sedated infants and young children has not been reported previously...

..It appears that aminophylline has the ability to partially antagonise the sedative effects of general anaesthetics...

..Moreover, studies focusing on specific outcomes have shown benefits for regional anaesthesia used for surgery and postoperative analgesia...

..Following an exact review of the literature, only clonidine and S(+)-ketamine are useful additives to local anaesthetics in paediatric caudal anaesthesia...

..In this article the theoretical basis of ultrasound techniques and their practical use in local anaesthesia will be presented...

..The aim of our study is to compare the success rate and quality of interscalene brachial plexus blocks performed either with direct ultrasound visualization or with the aid of nerve stimulation to guide needle placement...

..Brachial plexus blockade and active vasodilatation in tiny neonates after severe local ischemia are discussed...

..Despite the fact that intrahospital transport is nowadays regarded an extension of the intensive care continuum, it still poses a risk for the patient...

..We report the first prospective sonoanatomic study in neonates with the aim to perform ultrasonographic-guided epidural catheter placement in this age group...

..IMPLICATIONS: Levobupivacaine, the pure S(-)-enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine is an equally effective local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia compared with racemic bupivacaine...

..5%, 1053 min (802-1304 min); levobupivacaine 0.5%, 1001 min (844-1158 min); and levobupivacaine 0.25%, 707 min (551-863 min) (P = 0.01). Levobupivacaine 0.5% is recommended instead of bupivacaine 0.5% for the three-in-one block...

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..Diagnostic blocks of nerves supplying the joints are performed using fluoroscopy. The authors' hypothesis was that the third occipital nerve can be visualized and blocked with use of an ultrasound-guided technique...

..We performed a study to determine the actual location of local anesthetic when ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks are performed using landmark-based techniques in children in an attempt to explain a failed block...