Siegfried Kasper

..001). In summary, aripiprazole demonstrated efficacy equivalent or superior to haloperidol with associated benefits for safety and tolerability. Aripiprazole represents a promising new option for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia...

..Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are effective in the treatment of social anxiety disorder and are currently regarded as the pharmacotherapy of choice...

..In conclusion, quetiapine may be a suitable therapy in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia...

..The authors examined the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram and fluoxetine versus placebo in the treatment of elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)...

..This study provides new data in a non-Western population with a unique regional geography comparison...

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..The aim of the current study was to assess the antidepressant efficacy and safety of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) extract WS 5570 at doses of 600 mg/day in a single dose and 1200 mg/day in two doses...

..8 (600 mg WS 5570/day) and 0.4 (1200 mg WS 5570/day) points during treatment phase, while patients in the placebo group deteriorated by 2.1 points. The incidence of adverse events was low in all therapy groups...

..The propensity of sertindole to cause anticholinergic effects, which can be particularly troublesome, is small and, more recently, there have been suggestions that sertindole may have beneficial effects on cognition...

..The secondary aim was to examine response to treatment, as measured by change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from study entry to each visit, using observed cases...

..The analysis shows that St. John's wort extract WS 5570 has a meaningful beneficial effect during acute treatment of patients suffering from mild depression and leads to a substantial increase in the probability of remission...

..Higher serotonin transporter availability in healthy human subjects in times of lesser light exposure and lower serotonin levels have been shown in winter...

..Dysregulation of the cortisol level might increase the vulnerability for mood disorders by altering limbic 5-HT1A receptors...

..We believe that reduced reactivity in the medial frontal gyrus found for escitalopram compared to citalopram administration might explain the response differences between study drugs as demonstrated in previous clinical trials...

..004; homo-/heterozygous gene variants: P=0.0004). We conclude that an interaction between DAT1 and 5HT2A genes might influence the temperamental personality trait persistence...

..In the present study, the occupancies of SERT after multiple doses of escitalopram and citalopram were compared using the radioligand [(123)I]ADAM and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)...

..For the first time, this PET study shows lateralization of the main inhibitory receptor of the serotonergic system in functionally asymmetric organized regions of the healthy human brain in vivo...

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..These findings provide complementary information about treatment effects on a network level and confirm the central role of the DRN as a prime regulatory area...

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..These findings may indicate a promising molecular predictor of treatment response and stimulate new treatment approaches based on regional differences in SERT binding...

..As disturbances of the HPA axis as well as changes of the 5-HT(1A) receptor distribution have been reported in affective disorders, future studies should focus on these interactions...

..The present positron emission tomography (PET) study investigated the influence of sex on the major inhibitory serotonergic receptor subtype, the serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor...

..Further research could be conducted in non-seasonal depression as there is still a lack of studies on seasonality of birth in affective disorders...

..Although we did not find an increased vulnerability for acute EPS in bipolar patients receiving olanzapine at clinical relevant doses, this needs to be replicated with larger sample sizes...

..The aim of this investigation was to examine seasonal differences in the frequency of birth in a clinical sample of patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD)...

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..Reboxetine displayed a faster onset of action, but was associated with more pronounced side effects. Further studies comparing SSRI and NARI in SAD are warranted...

..56 +/- 0.96 mmol/l; p = 0.126). The results of this study support the idea that low cholesterol levels may be of pathogenetic importance in SAD. Further study in larger clinical samples is warranted to clarify our findings...

..5-HTTLPR was not associated with any of the 5-HTT parameters. In sum, we conclude that the 5-HTT is in a hyperfunctional state during depression in SAD and normalizes after light therapy and in natural summer remission...

..The s allele was associated with lower Self-Directedness scores in SAD patients, whereas there were no significant differences in TCI dimensions between patients and controls in carriers of the long allele...

..There is still a substantial lack of data on therapeutic options in cases of non-responsive SAD as well as on add-on therapy. A combined treatment-approach including psychotherapy (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy) may prove useful...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate if bright light therapy (BLT) is able to reverse these disturbances...

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..However, it seems that not all dysfunctional processes can be reversed by antidepressant treatment and that state and trait factors are evident not only on a behavioral but also on a neurobiological level...

..This might help to shed further light on the underlying mechanisms of both functional diversities and congruence between female and male brains...

..In the third part, the mode of action, application, efficacy, tolerability and safety of BLT in SAD and other mood disorders are explored...

..4 ± 7.1 and 12.0 ± 7.2 points at week 6 and by between 11.8 ± 7.7 and 16.0 ± 8.3 points at week 10. In GAD silexan and lorazepam showed comparable HAMA total score reductions (90% CI for mean value difference: -2.3; 2.8 points)...

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..042), while there was no significant difference between TCA multiple- and single-substance intoxications. This study suggests that an overdose with SSRIs results in a more favourable clinical outcome than an overdose with TCAs...

..Our finding is suggestive that not all atypical antipsychotics cause acute direct effects on glucose disposal and that accurate determination of side effect profile should be performed when choosing an atypical antipsychotic...

..The aim of this study was to apply a previously validated approach to a clinical sample of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)...

..This study aims for a direct validation of IDIFs and venous data for the quantification of serotonin-1A receptor binding (5-HT(1A)) with [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 before and after hormone treatment...

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..1r3. A NPL score Z(all) of 3.891 (p=0.000156) was observed with SNP rs225. In short, we found significant linkage scores most telomeric on chromosome 3q29, spanning 3.46 Mbp (7 SNPs)...

..The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of escitalopram in a naturalistic sample of employed people with mood and anxiety disorders...

..Due to methodological limitations our results need to be replicated in controlled double-blind randomized clinical trials...

..Opposed to treatment guidelines, patients with several depressive episodes did not receive antidepressant maintenance medication or mood stabilizers more often than patients with only a few episodes...

..13 (-1.23, -1.04) and after 156 weeks, it was -1.33 (-1.78, -0.87). Therefore, the efficacy of quetiapine for the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms is maintained in long-term treatment...

..Previous studies showed that agomelatine is able to restore disrupted circadian rhythms, which were implicated in the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD)...

..Our data provide insight into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and may guide future psychopharmacological drug developments...

..021) and obtained lower global seasonality scores than SAD patients without anger attacks (p=0.001). Anger attacks are experienced as particularly intense in SAD patients and seem to contribute considerably to their symptomatology...

..In conclusion, WS 5570 exhibits substantially lower incidence rates of adverse events than paroxetine and other SSRIs...

..The objective of the study was to identify sex-specific psychopathologic predictors of criminal recidivism among a representative sample of incarcerated youths...

..Although CIs remained large, this post-marketing study does not provide any evidence against the use of sertindole under normal conditions. Sertindole was well tolerated and posed no significant safety problems...

..The present study aimed to elucidate potential interactions between human aggression, the inhibitory serotonergic 5-HT(1A) receptor, and sex hormones...

..Collectively, its efficacy, together with its excellent tolerability, makes agomelatine an especially promising antidepressant for the near future...

..1%) and PBO (7.8%), but higher for VXR (20.0%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, PGB was a safe and effective treatment of GAD, with a significantly earlier onset of anxiolytic activity than VXR...

..Genetic factors likely contribute to the biological vulnerability of eating disorders...

..Despite promising pilot studies, the administration of Mg did not enable a dose reduction of tranquilizing medication (chlormethiazole) in pure and polysubstance opiate detoxification...

..Assessment normally requires the use of specific instruments. The aim of this study was the validation of a simplified definition for anger attacks...

..The objective of this study was to investigate 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BP) in social anxiety disorder (SAD)...

..The current review not only updates pharmacogenetic research in depression but also focuses on antidepressant treatment response in anxiety disorders...

..Opioid tapering with methadone or buprenorphine leads to characteristic changes of the rest-activity cycle, but further study is required to validate these results...

..Our in vivo findings clearly support prior assumptions of a link between receptor distribution and functional fields of the human cortex...

..Family systems, even if substantially dysfunctional, seem to be perceived as more stable by migrant youth than by Austrian youth...

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..The article to which this erratum refers was published in Hum Brain Mapp 2008, DOI: . (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

..Lavandula oil preparation silexan is both efficacious and safe for the relief of anxiety disorder not otherwise specified. It has a clinically meaningful anxiolytic effect and alleviates anxiety related disturbed sleep...

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..RBD and MDD diagnoses were based on DSM-IV criteria. Furthermore, the goal of this study was to determine if impulsivity as an underlying factor could explain high suicide attempt rates in CD...

..The results of our follow-up study support our previous linkage finding of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder to chromosome 3q29...

..To examine suicidal behaviour risk in the short-term placebo-controlled studies of mirtazapine in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)...

..The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether guided self-help was effective in the short and long term in the treatment of bulimia nervosa...

..The elevated rate of affective disorders in relatives of patients with SAD and PMDD suggests higher genetic vulnerability in this subgroup when compared to patients with SAD alone...

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..Furthermore, there are no studies specifically addressing bipolar seasonal depression. This article will review the published literature on pharmacotherapy of seasonal affective disorder...

..Thus the psychiatrist is well placed to initiate treatment in these patients...

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..However, numerous studies have also investigated suitable psychopharmacological treatments for SAD. This report is aimed to provide an overview on the clinical management and current therapeutic options for SAD...

..Escitalopram is a good therapeutic option for the long-term treatment of MDD, particularly in severely depressed patients...

..Our data suggest that the acquisition time for the SPECT scan is optimally, under pseudo-equilibrium conditions, between 205-320 min post-bolus injection of the tracer...

..The neurobiological properties of tianeptine may provide an explanation not only for its antidepressant activity, but also for its anxiolytic effects in depressed patients and its lack of adverse effects on cognitive function and memory...

..It has been proposed that aggression and especially anger attacks play an important role in the symptomatology of depression. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that these symptoms are more prevalent in males than in females...

..The possibility of a false positive result has to be taken into account. Our data suggest shared loci for schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorders and are consistent with the continuum model of psychosis...

..These results suggest that the NRI reboxetine and the SSRIs differ with respect to their side-effect profile and overall tolerability but not their efficacy in treating MDD...

..Therefore, the efficacy of the Hypericum extract LI 160 in patients with somatoform disorders should be studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion...

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..06 rising to 4.45 points on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In conclusion, agomelatine is effective in treating severe depression...

..Switching to an agent of a different class is probably optimal for those patients who fail to respond to first-line therapy...

..We studied the behavioral responses to tryptophan depletion (TD) in healthy women with and without a first-degree family history of depression and examined the relationship to 5HTTLPR alleles...

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..In conclusion, our results suggest involvement of circadian clock-related polymorphisms both in susceptibility to SAD and diurnal preference...

..We hypothesized that sequence variations in three genes, including Per2, Arntl, and Npas2, which form a functional unit at the core of the circadian clock, predispose to winter depression...

..Severe depression is associated with an extensive economic burden on both the patient and society...

..To compare the cost-effectiveness of escitalopram, a new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with (generic) citalopram in the first-line treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in Austria...

..Two clinical trials, prospectively designed for combined analysis, compared placebo, lithium, and lamotrigine for treatment of bipolar I disorder in recently depressed or manic patients...

..The current study compared the efficacy and safety of pregabalin and venlafaxine in patients diagnosed with moderate to severe GAD...

..A six-factor model of social anxiety symptoms is supported by the distinctive association between these symptom dimensions and different areas of disability, but did not predict differential response to escitalopram...