Siegfried Kasper

..001). In summary, aripiprazole demonstrated efficacy equivalent or superior to haloperidol with associated benefits for safety and tolerability. Aripiprazole represents a promising new option for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia...

..Dysregulation of the cortisol level might increase the vulnerability for mood disorders by altering limbic 5-HT1A receptors...

..In the present study, the occupancies of SERT after multiple doses of escitalopram and citalopram were compared using the radioligand [(123)I]ADAM and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)...

..004; homo-/heterozygous gene variants: P=0.0004). We conclude that an interaction between DAT1 and 5HT2A genes might influence the temperamental personality trait persistence...

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..We believe that reduced reactivity in the medial frontal gyrus found for escitalopram compared to citalopram administration might explain the response differences between study drugs as demonstrated in previous clinical trials...

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..The present positron emission tomography (PET) study investigated the influence of sex on the major inhibitory serotonergic receptor subtype, the serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor...

..The aim of this investigation was to examine seasonal differences in the frequency of birth in a clinical sample of patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD)...

..Reboxetine displayed a faster onset of action, but was associated with more pronounced side effects. Further studies comparing SSRI and NARI in SAD are warranted...

..Although we did not find an increased vulnerability for acute EPS in bipolar patients receiving olanzapine at clinical relevant doses, this needs to be replicated with larger sample sizes...

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..5-HTTLPR was not associated with any of the 5-HTT parameters. In sum, we conclude that the 5-HTT is in a hyperfunctional state during depression in SAD and normalizes after light therapy and in natural summer remission...

..The s allele was associated with lower Self-Directedness scores in SAD patients, whereas there were no significant differences in TCI dimensions between patients and controls in carriers of the long allele...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate if bright light therapy (BLT) is able to reverse these disturbances...

..4 ± 7.1 and 12.0 ± 7.2 points at week 6 and by between 11.8 ± 7.7 and 16.0 ± 8.3 points at week 10. In GAD silexan and lorazepam showed comparable HAMA total score reductions (90% CI for mean value difference: -2.3; 2.8 points)...

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..Our finding is suggestive that not all atypical antipsychotics cause acute direct effects on glucose disposal and that accurate determination of side effect profile should be performed when choosing an atypical antipsychotic...

..In the third part, the mode of action, application, efficacy, tolerability and safety of BLT in SAD and other mood disorders are explored...

..The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of escitalopram in a naturalistic sample of employed people with mood and anxiety disorders...

..1r3. A NPL score Z(all) of 3.891 (p=0.000156) was observed with SNP rs225. In short, we found significant linkage scores most telomeric on chromosome 3q29, spanning 3.46 Mbp (7 SNPs)...

..Previous studies showed that agomelatine is able to restore disrupted circadian rhythms, which were implicated in the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD)...

..13 (-1.23, -1.04) and after 156 weeks, it was -1.33 (-1.78, -0.87). Therefore, the efficacy of quetiapine for the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms is maintained in long-term treatment...

..Due to methodological limitations our results need to be replicated in controlled double-blind randomized clinical trials...

..021) and obtained lower global seasonality scores than SAD patients without anger attacks (p=0.001). Anger attacks are experienced as particularly intense in SAD patients and seem to contribute considerably to their symptomatology...

..Opposed to treatment guidelines, patients with several depressive episodes did not receive antidepressant maintenance medication or mood stabilizers more often than patients with only a few episodes...

..Assessment normally requires the use of specific instruments. The aim of this study was the validation of a simplified definition for anger attacks...

..The secondary aim was to examine response to treatment, as measured by change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from study entry to each visit, using observed cases...

..Despite promising pilot studies, the administration of Mg did not enable a dose reduction of tranquilizing medication (chlormethiazole) in pure and polysubstance opiate detoxification...

..The objective of this study was to investigate 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BP) in social anxiety disorder (SAD)...

..Collectively, its efficacy, together with its excellent tolerability, makes agomelatine an especially promising antidepressant for the near future...

..In conclusion, WS 5570 exhibits substantially lower incidence rates of adverse events than paroxetine and other SSRIs...

..Genetic factors likely contribute to the biological vulnerability of eating disorders...

..The present study aimed to elucidate potential interactions between human aggression, the inhibitory serotonergic 5-HT(1A) receptor, and sex hormones...

..The objective of the study was to identify sex-specific psychopathologic predictors of criminal recidivism among a representative sample of incarcerated youths...

..Opioid tapering with methadone or buprenorphine leads to characteristic changes of the rest-activity cycle, but further study is required to validate these results...

..Lavandula oil preparation silexan is both efficacious and safe for the relief of anxiety disorder not otherwise specified. It has a clinically meaningful anxiolytic effect and alleviates anxiety related disturbed sleep...

..It has been proposed that aggression and especially anger attacks play an important role in the symptomatology of depression. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that these symptoms are more prevalent in males than in females...

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..Family systems, even if substantially dysfunctional, seem to be perceived as more stable by migrant youth than by Austrian youth...

..The article to which this erratum refers was published in Hum Brain Mapp 2008, DOI: . (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

..The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether guided self-help was effective in the short and long term in the treatment of bulimia nervosa...

..Our data provide insight into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and may guide future psychopharmacological drug developments...

..These differences may influence diagnostic practice and gender specific treatment of depression...

..The goal of this study was to develop a comprehensive magnetic resonance (MR) data analysis framework for handling very large datasets with user-friendly tools for parallelization and to provide an example implementation...

..In this review recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED)) are presented, based on the available literature...

..1%) and PBO (7.8%), but higher for VXR (20.0%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, PGB was a safe and effective treatment of GAD, with a significantly earlier onset of anxiolytic activity than VXR...

..The aim of the study was to investigate whether the 5-HT2A receptor gene's polymorphisms (His452Tyr and T102C) have an influence on the response to olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia...

..In this review, WS 5572, LI 160, WS 5570 and ZE 117 Hypericum extracts have been shown to be significantly more effective than placebo with at least similar efficacy and better tolerability compared to standard antidepressant drugs...

..To examine suicidal behaviour risk in the short-term placebo-controlled studies of mirtazapine in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)...

..The results of our follow-up study support our previous linkage finding of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder to chromosome 3q29...

..Although CIs remained large, this post-marketing study does not provide any evidence against the use of sertindole under normal conditions. Sertindole was well tolerated and posed no significant safety problems...

..A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the association between extent of WMHs and clinical outcome in elderly depressed patients...

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..In conclusion, quetiapine may be a suitable therapy in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia...

..This review especially focuses on the augmentation of the antidepressant therapy with atypical antipsychotics...

..Obviously future treatment studies without the limitations of previous studies are clearly required for RBD. Results of ongoing studies will soon provide the first data on the biological underpinnings of RBD...

..The authors examined the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram and fluoxetine versus placebo in the treatment of elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)...

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..The aim of the current study was to assess the antidepressant efficacy and safety of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) extract WS 5570 at doses of 600 mg/day in a single dose and 1200 mg/day in two doses...

..Our results, while preliminary, suggest that short-term actigraphy may be apt to reflect central nervous system arousal...

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..This study provides new data in a non-Western population with a unique regional geography comparison...

..RBD and MDD diagnoses were based on DSM-IV criteria. Furthermore, the goal of this study was to determine if impulsivity as an underlying factor could explain high suicide attempt rates in CD...

..Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are effective in the treatment of social anxiety disorder and are currently regarded as the pharmacotherapy of choice...

..Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are common with conventional antipsychotics. Clozapine and other novel antipsychotic substances with lower in vitro affinity for dopamine-2 (D(2)) receptors have a lower propensity to induce EPS...

..Thus, there is a clear need for further controlled studies to evaluate pharmacological treatment options for this disorder...

..The possibility of a false positive result has to be taken into account. Our data suggest shared loci for schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorders and are consistent with the continuum model of psychosis...

..Therefore, successful treatment and prevention of bipolar depression remains an essential treatment goal...

..Secondary objectives included quality of life, subjective well-being, tolerability, and safety...

..The propensity of sertindole to cause anticholinergic effects, which can be particularly troublesome, is small and, more recently, there have been suggestions that sertindole may have beneficial effects on cognition...

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..Therefore, the efficacy of the Hypericum extract LI 160 in patients with somatoform disorders should be studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion...

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..Key words: bipolar disorder, mania, acute treatment, evidence-based guidelines, pharmacotherapy, antipsychotics, mood stabiliser, electroconvulsive therapy...

..Switching to an agent of a different class is probably optimal for those patients who fail to respond to first-line therapy...

..First-line evidence data on incidence, dimensions and outcome of cognitive side effects under maintenance electroconvulsive therapy is still warranted...

..The disorder is commonly responsive to light therapy, but antidepressant drug efficacy has not been definitely established. Serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors are potentially efficacious treatments for SAD...

..Two clinical trials, prospectively designed for combined analysis, compared placebo, lithium, and lamotrigine for treatment of bipolar I disorder in recently depressed or manic patients...

..56 +/- 0.96 mmol/l; p = 0.126). The results of this study support the idea that low cholesterol levels may be of pathogenetic importance in SAD. Further study in larger clinical samples is warranted to clarify our findings...

..The current study compared the efficacy and safety of pregabalin and venlafaxine in patients diagnosed with moderate to severe GAD...

..As these guidelines are intended for clinical use, the scientific evidence was not only graded, but also reviewed by the experts of the task force to ensure practicality...

..This review presents a balanced selection of the key studies on carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in bipolar disorder...

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..Further research could be conducted in non-seasonal depression as there is still a lack of studies on seasonality of birth in affective disorders...

..These results suggest that the NRI reboxetine and the SSRIs differ with respect to their side-effect profile and overall tolerability but not their efficacy in treating MDD...

..Patients and doctors often have divergent views on care needs...

..06 rising to 4.45 points on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In conclusion, agomelatine is effective in treating severe depression...

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..A six-factor model of social anxiety symptoms is supported by the distinctive association between these symptom dimensions and different areas of disability, but did not predict differential response to escitalopram...