J P Walsh

..There are conflicting data on whether combined thyroxine/triiodothyronine treatment is preferable to thyroxine alone in dissatisfied patients...

..Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with hypertension, but it is uncertain whether the same is true of subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism...

..In cross-sectional studies, serum TSH concentrations increase with age. This has not been examined longitudinally, and it is uncertain whether the TSH increase reflects healthy aging or occult thyroid failure...

..There have been few large epidemiological studies examining the association between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. In particular, it is uncertain if subclinical hypothyroidism is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease...

..It is uncertain whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with hypercholesterolaemia, particularly in subjects with SCH and serum TSH < or = 10 mU/l. Design,..

..This has not been tested in a clinical trial...

..It is not known whether management of the solitary thyroid nodule differs between endocrinologists and endocrine surgeons...

..Only a minority of courses of oral bisphosphonate treatment are at the recommended dosage and duration, and there is a lack of consensus on regimens for intravenous treatment...

..0 mU/liter, and 85.7% (74.1-97.3%) for TSH above 4.0 mU/liter. Conclusions: The use of TSH cutoffs of 2.5 and 4.0 mU/liter, combined with thyroid antibodies, provides a clinically useful estimate of the long-term risk of hypothyroidism...

..As Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease are thought to arise from mainly Th1 and Th2 immune responses respectively, we hypothesized that IL12B genotype may influence the clinical presentation of autoimmune thyroid disease...

..If that is true, then parity should be a risk factor for autoimmune thyroid disease...

..Further research is needed to determine why some patients appear to have a suboptimal response to thyroxine, and whether combined thyroxine/T3 treatment is preferable to thyroxine alone in these patients...

..A strong case be made for also treating asymptomatic patients with involvement of long bones, vertebrae or base of skull, patients with significant osteolytic lesions, and perhaps all younger patients...

..We conclude that in the doses used in this study, combined T(4)/T(3) treatment does not improve well-being, cognitive function, or quality of life compared with T(4) alone...

..Surveys of physicians in Europe, the USA and elsewhere have shown marked international differences in the management of Graves' disease. There are no comparable data on clinical practice in Australia...

..In patients previously treated with pamidronate, alendronate is more effective...

..The long-term risk of hypothyroidism following postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) is uncertain. Most previous studies have been small, short-term or have lacked a control group...

..Iodine has a major effect on thyroid function. Western Australia has previously been shown to be iodine replete...

..To establish first-trimester-specific reference intervals for thyroid function tests in pregnant Australian women...

..Thyroid hormone action influences many metabolic and synthetic processes, but the degree of regulation attributed to genes and environmental factors affecting normal variation remains controversial...

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..The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between thyroid function, BMI and smoking in euthyroid subjects...

..The aim of this study was to identify genetic loci associated with these parameters...

..CONCLUSION: There are clinically significant differences between endocrine surgeons and endocrinologists in the management of multinodular goitre...

..To determine whether idiopathic erectile dysfunction, in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with vascular or autonomic dysfunction...

..This suggests that increased NF-kappaB signaling, but not the impairment of ubiquitin binding, may be essential in the pathogenesis of PDB associated with SQSTM1 mutations...

..Gliclazide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed in 9 Caucasians and 10 Australian Aborigines with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes...

..These results advance understanding of the genetic basis of pituitary-thyroid axis function and metabolic regulation...

..As a consequence, women may receive a different diagnosis or treatment depending on the type of specialist consulted...

..CONCLUSIONS: Although immunoassay has a low specificity for urine cortisol, it is a widely available test which serves as a valid initial investigation of Cushing's syndrome...

..To document the population iodine nutritional status in Australian schoolchildren...

..A major susceptibility locus for PDB was identified on chromosome 10p13 by a genome-wide linkage scan in families of British descent, which accounted for the vast majority of cases not caused by SQSTM1 mutations...

..In BD, however, a suppression of transcription factors involved in cell differentiation may contribute to GABA dysfunction...

..The development and fertility of F(1) progeny were unaffected by emtricitabine in a mouse pre- and post-natal study. These data demonstrate a favorable pre-clinical reproductive safety profile for emtricitabine...

..These results may partially explain the mechanism by which p62 mutation contributes to the pathogenesis of PDB...

..CONCLUSIONS: Naturally occurring CaR mutations with differences in dominant-negative effect on wild-type receptor demonstrate differences in biochemical severity in FHH...

..Functional and structural analysis showed that disease severity was related to the type of mutation but was unrelated to the polyubiquitin-binding properties of the mutant UBA domain peptides...

..Genetic variation in VCP does not appear to be a common cause of familial or sporadic PDB in the absence of myopathy and dementia...

..Here we show that the most common disease-causing mutation (P392L) is carried on a shared haplotype, consistent with a founder effect and a common ancestral origin...