Tien Wong

..Recognition of the ocular effects of blood pressure could allow physicians to better manage patients with hypertension, and to monitor its end-organ effects...

..Small-vessel disease contributes to the pathophysiology of stroke, and retinal microvascular signs have been linked to the risk of stroke. We examined the relationship of retinal signs with incident stroke in a multiethnic cohort...

..We aimed to identify those risk factors with strong levels of evidence which could be easily assessed by physicians or ophthalmologists to implement preventive interventions or address current behaviours...

..Retinal microvascular abnormalities are associated with renal dysfunction, suggesting that common systemic microvascular processes may underlie the development of microvascular damage in the eye and kidneys...

..To examine the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality...

..Small vessel disease may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease in older persons. We describe the relation of retinal vascular caliber to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in elderly persons...

..Microvascular disease and hypertension have been linked with risk of diabetes mellitus. We examined the association of retinal arteriolar narrowing, a marker of chronic hypertension, with incident diabetes...

..These data support the concept that an assessment of retinal vascular changes may provide further information for vascular risk stratification in persons with hypertension...

..Future advances in digital retinal imaging technology will allow researchers and clinicians to better chart and monitor the vascular effects of hypertension...

..To describe risk factors and vascular disease associations of retinopathy in people with impaired glucose metabolism...

..To examine the association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and early age-related maculopathy (ARM) in middle-aged persons...

..In a cohort of people without diabetes, the association of these retinopathy signs and subsequent development of diabetes were examined...

..To describe the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic US population of whites, blacks, hispanics, and chinese...

..Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects 7 million persons 40 years of age and older in the United States. Risk factors for the disease are similar to those for stroke...

..In contrast, there are few well conducted population based studies on diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration in Asia, two conditions that are likely to be important causes of blindness in the future...

..To describe the three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of retinopathy and its risk factors...

..To describe the relationship of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber with cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory biomarkers, in a multiethnic population of whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Chinese...

..This meta-analysis reviews rates of progression of diabetic retinopathy to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and/or severe visual loss (SVL) and temporal trends...

..0001); furthermore, the magnitude of this effect was similar across the three racial/ethnic groups. The effect of blood pressure on the retinal vasculature was similar across three major racial/ethnic groups in Asia...

..To review major findings of population-based studies in ophthalmology, to summarize key questions, and to highlight future directions for this study design...

..To describe the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Malay population...

..We aimed to provide updated data for the relation between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and retinopathy, and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of current FPG thresholds in identifying both prevalent and incident retinopathy...

..Studies with larger sample size may provide further insights into this association...

..To evaluate the effectiveness of dietary antioxidants in the primary prevention of age related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..To examine the relation between diameters of the retinal arterioles and 10 year incidence of hypertension...

..This study shows that retinopathy signs are independently associated with CAC, supporting the concept that common pathophysiologic processes may underlie both micro- and macrovascular disease...

..To describe the natural history and progression of visual loss in eyes with untreated neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and visual outcomes of cataract surgery in an urban Asian population...

..Low birth weight has been suggested as a risk factor for diabetes. Whether it is related to diabetic retinopathy is unclear and is examined in this study...

..To describe relationships of retinal vascular calibre with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and other cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes...

..To describe the prevalence and causes of decreased visual acuity (VA) in Singaporean Chinese children...

..The aim of the study was to examine the relationship of retinal vascular calibre with glucose intolerance, diabetes and retinopathy in a population-based cohort...

..To describe the prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in Asian Malays and to compare this with a white population...

..To assess the proportion of patients who had diabetes and hypertension with optimal blood pressure (BP) control and to describe patients' awareness of the importance of BP control...

..To assess whether retinal arteriolar wall changes (focal narrowing and arteriovenous nicking) are associated with an increased 5 year risk of age related maculopathy (ARM)...

..To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measures with retinal vessel diameter in children...

..The fractal dimension (D(f)) of the retinal vasculature is a global measure of its branching pattern complexity. We examined the relationship of retinal D(f) with diabetes...

..To examine whether retinal vascular calibre independently predicts risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) -related death...

..To describe the prevalence and risk factors of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in an Asian population...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the relation of retinal microvascular signs and incident stroke and stroke mortality in an older population...

..2 vs 167.7 microm). In conclusion, this study found no evidence of an association of SNPs in candidate hypertension genes studied here with retinal vascular calibre...

..We examined the relationship of DR to endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent responses in skin microvascular flow...

..Retinopathy lesions are fairly common findings in clinic settings and may predict risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)...

..To describe retinal microvascular geometric parameters in young patients with type 1 diabetes...

..To describe the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its association with cardiovascular, inflammatory, and hematologic risk factors in a multiethnic cohort...

..To describe the prevalence and risk factors for myopia and other refractive errors in an urban Malay population in Singapore...

..To describe the prevalence of retinal microvascular characteristics and their associations with atherosclerosis in elderly, nondiabetic persons...

..3 (0.9 to 1.8), 2.3 (1.6 to 3.2), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.7), respectively. Our findings demonstrate a strong relation between presence and severity of hypertension and retinal microvascular structural changes...

..Venular caliber did not predict incident retinopathy. Our findings suggest that retinal arteriolar dilatation is a specific sign of diabetic microvascular dysfunction and may be a preclinical marker of diabetic retinopathy...

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..To describe the relationship of refractive errors and axial ocular dimensions and age-related cataract...

..To determine the prevalence of lens opacity among Chinese residents of Singapore...

..Retinal microvascular abnormalities reflect persistent arteriolar damage from hypertension and independently predict stroke. We examined their associations with long-term cardiovascular mortality...

..White matter lesions (WMLs) detected on cerebral imaging scans have been hypothesized to have a microvascular etiology and to precede the development of clinical stroke. However, few clinical data are available to support these hypotheses...

..Here, we examine the relation of retinal microvascular abnormalities with cognitive function in middle-aged persons free of stroke...

..Microvascular processes have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but prospective clinical data regarding this hypothesis are unavailable...

..Whether carotid ultrasound and other vascular imaging studies should be performed routinely for all patients with asymptomatic retinal emboli remains uncertain...

..Microvascular processes have been hypothesized to play a greater role in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women than in men; however, prospective clinical data are limited...

..In this context, we examined the relationship between BMI and CKD, by gender, in a study of Malay adults from Singapore...

..To examine the relationship of retinal vascular caliber with diabetes, glycemia, and diabetic retinopathy...

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..To examine the cross-sectional relationship of the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, hyperglycemia, central obesity, and dyslipidemia) and retinal microvascular abnormalities in middle-aged men and women...

..In adult populations, changes in retinal vascular caliber have been linked with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We examined the association of BMI and weight with retinal vascular caliber in children...

..Retinal microvascular characteristics, as graded from retinal photography, have been shown to predict stroke. We evaluated the reliability of retinal photographic grading in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study...

..To examine the associations of retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli with cardiovascular disease...

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..To describe the prevalence of retinal vascular signs and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in a Japanese population...

..To describe the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 4 racial/ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese) that participated in the second examination of the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)...

..CONCLUSION: Our finding of a possible association between the combined use of aspirin and antihypertensive agent(s) and wider retinal arteriolar diameter warrants further investigation into the effects of aspirin on the microvasculature...

..To describe the distribution of retinal vascular calibers and their associations with ethnicity, gender, and birth parameters in children...

..To determine if refractive errors influence the association of blood pressure and retinal vessel diameters...

..To investigate the relationship of subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis...

..To describe the relationships of retinal vascular caliber to optic disc diameter in children...

..To describe the cross-sectional relationship between retinal arteriolar and venular diameters with age and blood pressure...

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..In this study, we re-examined this relationship in a cohort of children, while controlling for the effects of ocular magnification...

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..This study sought to examine the relationships of retinal vascular signs with left ventricular (LV) mass, volume, and concentric remodeling...

..To determine whether intraocular pressure (IOP) influences retinal vascular caliber in young children, in order to provide a better understanding of its physiological determinants...

..To assess the relationship between retinal arteriolar emboli and mortality in older people...

..This may ultimately lead to improved identification, and preventive and therapeutic strategies for the most common causes of morbidity, disability and mortality affecting elderly people in the United States. ..