S E Starkstein

..To determine the earliest symptoms of anosognosia in people with Alzheimer's disease and to validate a criteria-guided strategy to diagnose anosognosia in dementia...

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..Other psychoactive compounds may be useful as well, but careful consideration must be given to potentially serious side effects...

..This may be related to a specific pattern of progression of neuropathology and/or to poor adjustment of Alzheimer's disease patients with poor insight into their functional deficits...

..Finally, treatment for apathy in PD should not be restricted to psychoactive drugs, but should also include nonpharmacological techniques such as psychotherapy and occupational therapy...

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..Apathy and depression are the most frequent behavioural and psychiatric disorders in Alzheimer's disease, and may both have a negative impact on the progression of the illness...

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..This study provides validation to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depression and dysthymic disorder for use in PD. The categories of minor and subsyndromal depression may need further validation...

..From a nosological perspective, future studies should examine the overlap with other psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions and further validate specific diagnostic and assessment tools...

..Depressed patients have more severe deficits in activities of daily living, a worse functional outcome, more severe cognitive deficits and increased mortality as compared to stroke patients without depression...

..Other psychoactive compounds may be useful as well, but careful consideration must be given to potentially serious side-effects...

..Cross-sectional studies in AD reported a significant association between parkinsonism and apathy. The aim of this study was to assess the chronological association between apathy and parkinsonism in AD...

..About one third of a series of patients attending a Movement Disorders Clinic showed apathy. Both depression and dementia were the most frequent comorbid conditions of apathy in PD...

..To review the frequency, clinical correlates, and mechanism of anosognosia after stroke...

..Although depression in Alzheimer disease (AD) has a negative emotional and functional impact on patients and caregivers, specific criteria to diagnose depression in AD are still to be validated...

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..However, cognitive decline may be present in a proportion of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) or subdural hematomas (SH)...

..Frontal and right parietal white matter hyperintensities are the strongest brain structural correlates of apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease...

..A subset of patients was reexamined with the same instruments between 1 and 4 years after the initial evaluation...

..Whereas apathy is increasingly recognised as a frequent abnormal behaviour in dementia, its overlap with depression remains poorly understood...

..Authors examined the temporal stability of symptoms of major and minor depression and apathy in dementia...

..The decline in anterograde verbal memory correlated significantly with the decline in autobiographical memory, suggesting a common final pathway for both deficits...

..We explored the relative contribution of diabetes-related variables as predictors of dementia in older individuals with diabetes...

..We explored a wide range of potential explanatory variables of depression in a longitudinal study of older diabetic subjects to investigate the vascular depression hypothesis in these patients...

..To examine the differential impairment of implicit and explicit memory systems in cortical and subcortical dementias...

..Patients with Alzheimer's disease may not be fully aware of the extent of their depressive symptoms...

..Physical aggression was significantly associated with more frequent delusions and more severe irritability...

..Deficits in both ToM and pragmatic abilities have been described in patients with neurologic disorders, such as frontal lobe lesions and right hemisphere strokes, but have not been assessed in demented patients...

..To investigate the nature of deficits in social cognition and real-life decision making in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..This syndrome was significantly associated with older age, more severe depression, and more severe cognitive impairment. In a subgroup of depressed patients, parkinsonism was reversible upon recovery from the mood disorder...

..To examine the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of depression in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..Sixteen per cent of a consecutive series of patients with AD had dangerous behaviours during the month preceding the clinical evaluation. Anosognosia was the main clinical correlate of dangerous behaviours in this population...

..We used a method of brain MRI segmentation for quantifying both tissue and WMH volumes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and examined the association between WMH and structural and cognitive variables...

..The purpose of this study was to determine longitudinal predictors of cognitive decline in older individuals with diabetes who did not have dementia...

..For those PD patients with "pure" apathy, specific psychotherapeutic techniques should be developed...

..Depression is associated with excess mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the impact, and possible causal mechanisms, of depression on all-cause and cardiac mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes...

..The study demonstrated significant perfusion deficits in specific brain areas of moderately to severely mentally retarded autistic patients...

..In this preliminary study, lithium and MPH produced similar improvements on the primary outcome measure and on measures of irritability, aggressive outbursts, antisocial behavior, anxiety, and depression...

..Few studies have focused on the link between emotional processing and other cognitive functions, such as memory or attention...

..In this context, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and psychosocial interventions are the only available modalities for treating apathy in AD with some efficacy...

..We examined the relationship between hippocampal damage and mood disorders after TBI and the effect of hippocampal atrophy on the outcome of TBI patients...

..However, it remains unclear whether TOM deficits constitute a trait- or a state-related deficit and whether they respond to antipsychotic treatment, and also whether the change in TOM and change in psychosis are associated...

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..Alcohol abuse and/or dependence (AA/D) and mood disturbance are co-occurring conditions among patients who have had a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the relationship between these disorders has not been extensively studied...

..It is reasonable to assume that these symptomatic clusters have specific underlying mechanisms that need to be integrated in a comprehensive pathophysiologic model...