T A Mori

..In this regard, our findings using the measurement of F(2)-isoprostanes, a reliable measure of in vivo lipid peroxidation and oxidant stress, do not support adverse effects of omega3 fatty acids on lipid peroxidation...

..This study is the first report demonstrating that either EPA or DHA reduce in vivo oxidant stress without changing markers of inflammation, in treated hypertensive, type 2 diabetic subjects...

..A recent population study suggested that dietary-derived omega3 fatty acids lower leptin levels independent of body fat...

..Given the evidence relating progression of atherosclerosis to chronic inflammation, the n-3 fatty acids may play an important role via modulation of the inflammatory processes...

..We investigated possible differences in the effects of purified EPA or DHA on forearm vascular reactivity in overweight hyperlipidemic men that might contribute to the blood pressure-lowering effects of fish oils...

..Regular consumption of n-3 fatty acids of marine origin can improve serum lipids and reduce cardiovascular risk...

..These results have important implications for human nutrition and the food industry...

..In both trials, urinary F2-isoprostanes were significantly reduced by 20-27%. Therefore, in contrast with previous reports in the literature, these results demonstrate that omega3 fatty acids reduce in vivo oxidant stress in humans...

..On the basis of our current knowledge, we believe it is justified to recommend, particularly to high-risk populations, an increased dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids through the consumption of fish...

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..The present study examined the effects of moderate aerobic exercise and the incorporation of fish into a low-fat (30% total energy) diet on serum lipids and glycemic control in dyslipidemic NIDDM patients...

..Regular consumption of diets with increased protein or fibre intakes may benefit body weight and composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Lupin flour is a novel food ingredient high in protein and fibre...

..The aim of this study in adults was to determine the effects of dietary anti-oxidants on allergen-specific immune responses in sensitized individuals...

..The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fish oil n-3 PUFA supplementation from birth to 6 months of age on infant allergic disease...

..In addition, several studies have suggested that lupin may reduce cholesterol concentrations and benefit glucose and insulin metabolism...

..SPONSORSHIP: The study was supported by grants from the NH & MRC and Raine Medical Research Foundation, Australia...

..The absence of effects in previous studies may be due to the isolation of LDL particles from polyphenolic compounds that are present in the aqueous phase of serum...

..3. Regular coffee drinking raised blood pressure in older hypertensives, whereas potential antihypertensive effects of dietary anti-oxidants require further scrutiny...

..To examine the influence of aggressive behaviour scores on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors throughout childhood...

..5% change in FMD. In summary, we have developed a semiautomated computerized vascular ultrasound analysis system that will improve the power of clinical intervention studies to detect small changes in arterial diameter...

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..We assessed whether dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q(10) improves endothelial function of the brachial artery in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia...

..We examined dietary patterns, CVD risk factors, and the clustering of these risk factors in 1139 14-year-olds living in Western Australia...

..Related changes in the skeletal muscle Slc2a4, Ucp3, and Ppard indicate that fetal glucocorticoid excess disturbs adult glucose/fatty acid transport and metabolism...

..Maternal fish oil supplementation during pregnancy has been associated with altered infant immune responses and a reduced risk of infant sensitization and eczema...

..We aimed to evaluate associations between dietary glycaemic carbohydrate and insulin resistance or the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by three different criteria in a population-based adolescent cohort...

..Combination treatment with statin and fish oil may, however, offer an optimal therapeutic approach for globally correcting dyslipidaemia in obesity...

..If anything, antioxidant status was associated with increased immune responsiveness. The significance of this needs to be addressed in future intervention studies...

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..The differential effects of atorvastatin and fish oils on apoB kinetics support their combined use in correcting defective apoB metabolism in obese, insulin-resistant subjects...

..No significant associations were observed in girls, or with the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. Our results suggest that gender may moderate relationships between fatty acid intake and BP in adolescence...

..Furthermore, a small, albeit significant, increase in coagulation factor VIIc associated with fish can be prevented by a concomitant programme of moderate exercise...

..To assess the effects in humans of regular ingestion of black tea on haemostasis-related variables and cell adhesion molecules...

..The inclusion of HPLC separation enables improved analysis of F2-isoprostanes by GC-MS. This methodology will assist in defining the role of F2-isoprostanes as in vivo markers of oxidant stress in clinical and experimental settings...

..Overall, our data suggest that the rat placenta is protected from oxidative stress by the dynamic zone- and stage-dependent expression of antioxidant defense genes...

..This raises the possibility that dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing and/or reducing adverse programming outcomes in humans...

..More detailed follow-up studies are required in larger cohorts to establish the robustness of these findings and to ascertain their significance in relation to longer-term modification of allergic disease in children...

..20-HETE and oxidative stress may be important mediators of cardiovascular disease risk in the MetS. Although a 4% reduction in body weight reduced BP, there were no changes in plasma or urinary 20-HETE or F(2)-isoprostanes...

..Decreased total plasma antioxidant potential in combination with hyperlipidaemia may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease seen in NS...

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..The remarkably similar profiles between the oxidised LDL and advanced atherosclerotic plaque suggests oxidation in vivo, is predominantly via non-enzymatic processes directed towards the surface lipids...

..A cognitively based lifestyle program in treated hypertensives is associated with improvements in cognitive measures in the shorter and longer term...

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..CONCLUSION: Fish oils effectively lower the plasma concentration of triacylglycerols, chiefly by decreasing VLDL apo B production but not by altering the catabolism of apo B-containing lipoprotein or chylomicron remnants...

..Consistent with some human malaria studies, prophylactic retinol reduces P. berghei parasitaemia. This effect relates to augmentation of tissue retinol stores rather than to retinol-associated changes in oxidant status...

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..Such an effect is, therefore, unlikely to contribute significantly to the mechanism of alcohol-related hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..Further assessment of immune function and clinical follow-up of these infants will help determine if there are any significant effects on postnatal immune development and expression of allergic disease...

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..These results are not consistent with the suggestion that the two soy derived isoflavonoids have in vivo antioxidant activity at a level of intake achievable by dietary means and in subjects with high-normal BP...

..Therefore, these results do not support the hypothesis that isoflavonoids, and genistein in particular, are major contributors to the BP lowering effect of vegetarian diets...

..Our study aimed to assess fatty acid intakes in Australian adolescents, compare intakes with national guidelines, and identify major food sources of fatty acids...

..We assessed whether purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil have differential effects on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in patients with both conditions...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between inflammatory markers and components of a metabolic syndrome cluster in adolescents...

..Mediators for physical activity in the longer term should be investigated in other models, with appropriate cognitive measurements, in future trials...

..It also provides evidence of another pathway through which long-chain PUFAs status can influence early immune development...

..This study examined the associations between vascular function and markers of inflammation in Type 2 diabetic subjects with treated hypertension...

..In conclusion, this study shows that prenatal exposure to dexamethasone does not increase basal adrenocortical activity but does result in a more stress-responsive adrenal phenotype, possibly via increased Mc2r expression...

..These data show that care must be taken when using GC-MS for quantitation of F(2)-IsoPs to prevent interfering substances affecting the results...

..This study determined whether omega3FA and CoQ have independent or additive effects in improving the cardiovascular profile, particularly blood pressure and heart rate, in nondiabetic patients with CKD stages 3-4...

..n-3 Fatty acids lower blood pressure, improve lipids, and benefit other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Effects on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes are uncertain...

..Future studies are needed to determine the physiological importance of increased plasma and urine F(1)-phytoprostanes and their relevance to heart disease prevention...

..There is an association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids have favorable effects on cardiovascular risk and could reduce liver fat in NAFLD...

..Clinical follow-up of these infants will help to determine if there are sustained effects on postnatal oxidative stress and expression of allergic disease...

..Longer follow-up in such studies is limited; we therefore re-assessed participants after an additional 2 years in which there was no contact with program facilitators...

..Neither F(3)- nor F(4)-IsoPs were observed in plasma in both studies. These results show that in humans, EPA and DHA reduce in vivo oxidant stress as measured in human plasma and urine...

..The results do not support the hypothesis that treated or untreated hypertensive subjects are under increased oxidative stress compared with normotensive controls...

..These results do not support the suggestion that polyphenolic antioxidants derived from tea inhibit in vivo lipid peroxidation...

..To assess effects of multifactorial lifestyle modification on antihypertensive drug needs in treated hypertensive individuals...

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..The results of this study do not support the suggestion that reduced postprandial platelet aggregability contributes to any benefits of black tea on cardiovascular risk...

..We discuss the biological effects of these fatty acids and the potential mechanisms through which they may affect cardiovascular disease risk factors...

..03, P = 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.68, P = 0.04). The predictability of the Index for the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life warrants further investigation in the adolescent population...

..The effects of fish oil on lipids and blood pressure in non-pregnant individuals appear to be lost when it is administered during pregnancy...

..Docosahexaenoic acid may be more favourable in lowering blood pressure and heart rate, as well as improving vascular function. However, the effects of EPA and DHA may also differ depending on the target population...

..04) and resulted in significantly lower mean 3-h plasma ghrelin concentrations (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: A novel food enriched in protein and fiber derived from lupin kernel flour significantly influences energy intake acutely...

..To assess effects of a cognitively based program on health-related behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight drug-treated hypertensives...

..Weight loss and a decrease in waist circumference were maintained in the program group up to 16 months after entering the study. This program has the potential for wider application in other at-risk groups...

..Several studies show that proteins, including whey and casein, are more satiating than carbohydrates. It follows that skim milk would be more satiating than sugar-rich beverages. However, this has yet to be shown...

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..The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal smoking on markers of infant oxidative stress...

..This may be owing to up-regulation of hepatic receptors as a consequence of inhibition of cholesterogenesis...

..Elevated plasma apoC-III concentration is also a feature of dyslipidemia in obesity that contributes to the kinetic defects in apoB metabolism...

..Available data suggest that substitution of refined carbohydrate in the diet with protein and fiber may benefit blood pressure. Lupin kernel flour is high in protein and fiber and low in carbohydrate...

..Further studies are required to establish the implications of these findings on HDL function...

..Sustainable increases in dietary intakes and erythrocyte levels of n-3 long-chain PUFA can be achieved through regular consumption of suitably enriched processed foods. Such increases may be associated with reduced CV risk...

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..Tempol prevented and partially reversed Dex-induced hypertension, independent of improvement in systemic oxidative stress measured by F(2)-isoprostane concentrations...

..To elucidate processes by which the antioxidant probucol increases lesion size at the aortic sinus and decreases atherosclerosis at more distal sites in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice...

..Analysis of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) concentrations in induced sputum provides a useful tool for monitoring oxidative stress and investigating strategies aimed at reducing oxidative stress in airways disease...

..Tempol treatment reversed, and pretreatment partially prevented ACTH-induced hypertension, independent of improvement in systemic oxidative stress...

..CONCLUSIONS: Apocynin but not allopurinol prevented and reversed ACTH-induced hypertension in the rat. These results suggest superoxide production through NAD(P)H oxidase plays a role in ACTH-induced hypertension...

..05). AA or alpha-tocopherol failed to prevent and alpha- or gamma-tocopherol failed to reverse ACTH-induced hypertension. Thus, neither vitamin C (water soluble) nor E (lipid soluble) modified ACTH-induced hypertension in the rat...

..Glycated haemoglobin levels were increased in diabetes but glutathionyl haemoglobin (HbSSG) levels did not differ between groups, nor by complications; nor correlate with haemoglobin glycation or vascular risk factors...

..N-Acetylcysteine had no effect on Dex-induced increased plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations. 6. In conclusion, NAC partially prevented, but did not reverse, Dex-induced hypertension...

..Soy isoflavones (ISOs), particularly in individuals who produce equol, might also contribute to lipid lowering and thus reduce SP requirements...

..Evidence predominantly from in vitro studies suggests that antioxidant vitamins can prevent lipid peroxidation and that vitamin C and vitamin E have synergistic effects. However, in vivo evidence in support of these hypotheses is sparse...

..To evaluate the effect of consuming a variety of foods enriched in long-chain n-3 fatty acids in low fish eaters...

..Contrary to expectations, this study showed that the high level of Gpx1 expressed in the kidney is not protective against the development of renal oxidative stress and nephropathy in a model of type 1 diabetes...

..They indicate 2-electron rather than radical (1-electron) oxidants as important contributors to atherogenesis, and point to novel lead compounds for therapeutic intervention against atherosclerotic diseases...