Graeme Jones

..To undertake a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials to assess and rank the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in preventing radiological progression of rheumatoid arthritis...

..Both increases and decreases in knee cartilage defects are associated with changes in knee cartilage volume, which implies a potential for reversal of knee cartilage loss...

..To examine the associations between meniscal tear, knee structure, osteoarthritis (OA) risk factors, radiographic change, and symptoms in a largely non-osteoarthritic cohort...

..The results suggest that breastfeeding is associated with higher bone mass and lower fracture risk at age 16 but not in utero smoking or birth weight...

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..To compare the effectiveness of a custom-made leather wrist splint (LS) with a commercially available fabric splint (FS) in adults with chronic wrist pain...

..However, there are few validated instruments for measuring osteoporosis knowledge levels. The aim of this study was to design a valid and reliable instrument to measure osteoporosis knowledge in Australian women...

..Joint loading mediated via gait parameters may be associated with meniscal tears, and determining whether such an association exists was the aim of this study...

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..They commonly coexist with chondral defects and ROA but only share common genetic mechanisms to a limited degree. They are also more common with increasing age, male sex, and increasing BMI...

..This may enable the prediction of cartilage change in an individual. The only significant factor affecting the loss of medial tibial cartilage was baseline knee pain, possibly through altered joint loading...

..While prospective studies are required to confirm these risk factors, accumulating evidence now suggests that a substantial proportion of fractures in children are preventable...

..To describe the association between early radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee (ROA), knee cartilage volume and tibial bone surface area...

..79, 95%CI 0.96-3.36), but not age. In conclusion, a structural approach to changing hospital policy from the top down is effective at substantially increasing the usage of effective therapy after fractured neck of the femur...

..To compare subjects who had at least one parent with a total knee replacement for severe primary knee osteoarthritis with age and sex matched controls who had no family history of knee osteoarthritis..

..These data suggest that a 25(OH)D3 level of at least 43-55 nmol/l is required for optimal bone health in children...

..In the meantime, it appears safe to prescribe exercise in later life without major concern for structural deterioration, although caution is appropriate in those with bone marrow lesions until more information becomes available...

..Long-term efficacy and safety follow-up is ongoing. This trial supports the use of TCZ as monotherapy and suggests it should be regarded as a first-line biologic therapy...

..The anti-interleukin (IL) 6 receptor antibody tocilizumab inhibits signalling of IL6, a key cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis...

..SAD is simple to measure and gives additional information regarding bone health and fracture risk in children...

..These results provide novel data on articular cartilage development in humans. The long-term significance of these results with regard to osteoarthritis of the knee in later life remains hypothetical...

..DXA measures and calcaneal ultrasound (but not radial ultrasound or metacarpal index) were associated with upper limb fracture, suggesting heel ultrasound is also a discriminator of fractures in children...

..Our understanding of the role of nutrients in bone development in children is limited...

..To describe the association between maternal diet during the third trimester of pregnancy and bone mass in 8 y-old male and female children...

..These observations support current recommendations with regard to ICS usage in children, but require confirmation in longitudinal studies...

..If this association is confirmed in other populations and persists until the attainment of peak bone mass then the implication would be that osteoporosis prevention programs need to start very early in the life cycle...

..To describe the prevalence and determinants of 25-hydroxy D3(25(OH)D) in children...

..Identification of these subjects by clinical risk factors is good but suboptimal, suggesting that measurement of BMD may be necessary to target most accurately and effectively those at highest risk...

..to address the following research questions: Is water fluoridation associated with altered fracture risk at a population level and are the differences between studies consistent with confounding or chance variation between studies?..

..The magnitude of both gender and environmental differences in bone mass in this age group is substantial, suggesting that modification at this stage of life may influence peak bone mass and possibly fracture risk in later life...

..To describe the associations between hand osteoarthritis (OA), pain and disability in males and females and to further validate the Australian/Canadian OA hand index (AUSCAN LK3.0)...

..To document symptomatic fracture incidence in those aged under 50 years of age...

..To describe the association between sex, smoking, physical activity, occupation, and previous digit fracture and hand osteoarthritis (OA)...

..Preventing these changes may prevent knee osteoarthritis in overweight and obese subjects...

..CONCLUSION: Knee cartilage defects are common, have a genetic component that is linked to the genetic contribution to knee pain and bone size, and may have a role in the genetic pathogenesis of knee OA...

..The aim of this study was to describe the association between baseline tibial bone area and tibial subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) with tibial cartilage defect development and cartilage volume loss...

..MRI and biochemical measures can add to radiographs in defining unexplained knee pain in younger subjects...

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..Knee cartilage defects may play an important role in early osteoarthritis, but little is known about their natural history...

..Skeletal age deviation (SAD) is associated with bone mass and fracture risk in children, but factors determining this are unknown. The aim of this population-based cross-sectional study was to describe the factors associated with SAD...

..The aim of this study was to describe the associations between leptin, IL-6, and hip radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) in older adults...

..The aim of this 6-week prospective study was to describe the association between urinary electrolytes and bone turnover markers in a convenience sample of adolescent boys (N = 136, mean age 16 yr)...

..To determine the associations between serum levels of vitamin D, sunlight exposure, and knee cartilage loss cross-sectionally and longitudinally in older adults...

..To determine the association between inflammatory markers and change in knee pain over 5 years...

..Pain and radiographic changes are common in persons with osteoarthritis, but their relative contributions to quality of life are unknown...

..Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) play an important role in knee osteoarthritis, but their etiology is not well understood. The aim of this longitudinal study was to describe the association between dietary factors, serum lipids, and BMLs...

..To examine the potential role of self-reported joint pain, stiffness, and dysfunction, and radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA), in sarcopenia progression and falls risk in older adults...

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..Cartilage volume, bone size, and muscle strength all have the potential to be studied in quantitative trait linkage analyses, but their exact relevance with regard to OA remains uncertain at this time...

..Five-yr wrist and forearm fracture risk has potential as a clinical endpoint of immediate relevance...

..To describe the effects of smoking on change in knee cartilage volume and increases in knee cartilage defects, and to test for interaction between smoking and family history of osteoarthritis (OA)...

..We investigated whether baseline malalignment of the knee predicts subsequent change in knee cartilage volume and chondral defects in subjects with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA)...

..Furthermore, knee cartilage defects may result in increased cartilage breakdown leading to decreased cartilage volume and joint space narrowing suggesting an important role for knee cartilage defects in early knee OA...

..The authors describe rates of occurrence and investigate risk factors for falls among less-experienced thoroughbred flat racing jockeys in Australia who commenced their race riding career between August 2002 and July 2009...

..2, 3.3). Fracture risk feedback based on BMD could potentially make an important contribution to osteoporosis prevention but confirmation of long-term benefits and cost effectiveness is needed before implementation can be recommended...

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..The association between radiographic hip OA and knee pain indicates that referred pain from the hip needs to be considered in unexplained knee pain...

..10, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study identified a large number of factors associated with sBMD, of which the most novel is cartilage defects. Longitudinal studies are required to address causality...

..In conclusion, older subjects with radiographic hip and knee OA have higher total hip bone loss over 2.6 years regardless of symptoms, suggesting that consideration should be given to the monitoring of bone mass in these subjects...

..To describe the association between sex, age and rate of change in knee cartilage volume in adults...

..IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in animals; however, evidence that these play a similar role in bone loss in human studies is limited...

..Furthermore, the generally stronger associations with volume compared with radiographic OA suggest that MRI may be superior at identifying risk factors for hip OA...

..CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-provided screening for osteoporosis in rural areas is a potentially useful method to identify women at risk for fracture and a convenient time point for discussion of preventive therapy...

..Further longitudinal studies in large samples will be required to confirm these findings...

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..This association was more apparent with increasing number of live births, suggesting a possible adverse effect of parity on knee cartilage...

..To determine the association of knee bone size, cartilage volume, and body mass index (BMI) at baseline with knee cartilage loss over 2 years in younger or middle-aged adults...

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..Importantly, the cartilage changes are largely dependent on baseline differences in cartilage volume, tibial bone area, BMI and knee pain, suggesting that these factors might have a role in their initiation...

..The aim of this study was to determine the optimal sampling of 1.5 mm thick slices of MRI scans to estimate knee cartilage volume in males and females for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies...

..The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the associations between use of NSAIDs and changes in knee cartilage volume and knee cartilage defects over 2.9 years in older adults...

..The aim of this study was to use data from randomized controlled trials to determine whether calcium supplementation in healthy children affects weight or body composition...

..Exercise therapy is effective in improving symptoms of knee osteoarthritis, but its effect on structural change remains unclear...

..To assess the effectiveness of calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in healthy children and to determine if any effect is modified by other factors and persists after supplementation stops...

..To resolve uncertainty regarding sex differences in osteoarthritis (OA) by performing a meta-analysis of sex differences in OA prevalence, incidence and severity...

..The aim of this study was to describe associations of pedometer-determined AA with body fat and leg muscle parameters in community-dwelling 50- to 79-yr-olds...

..These results inform the development of fracture prevention strategies in children...

..This study aimed to describe the associations between menstrual pattern, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and bone mass in a population-based sample of premenopausal women...

..However, it is unclear on the association between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and bone mass in their offspring at adolescence...

..Longitudinal studies are needed to determine which of these changes are primary and confirm their relevance to knee OA...

..CONCLUSION: A multifaceted education program, incorporating academic detailing of general practitioners and community pharmacists, increased the use of osteoporosis prevention strategies in longterm oral corticosteroid users...

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..Body composition was the main predictor of altered tracking but environmental factors also appear important...

..g. ocrelizumab) and agents that interrupt B-cell/T-cell interactions also have potential, and the efficacy of these, along with rituximab, belimumab and epratuzumab, needs to be determined by randomized controlled trials...

..This article considers whether the availability of strontium ranelate affects the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis...

..The result - the bone mineral density (BMD) - can be reported at a number of sites. The most clinically useful are the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip (also termed the 'proximal femur')...

..MRA is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials for these indications...

..Like other anti-cytokine immunotherapies, caution and close monitoring for the adverse events, especially infection, are necessary in subsequent clinical trials...

..The associations between oral contraceptive (OC) use, bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of fractures remain controversial...

..To determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children and adolescents and if effects vary with factors such as vitamin D dose and vitamin D status...

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..This article considers treatment options for osteoarthritis management of the knee post the 'NSAID cardiotoxicity controversy'...

..By January 2006, belimumab had completed phase II clinical trials in SLE and RA; a phase III clinical SLE trial is scheduled to begin later this year...

..Adverse effects and long-term safety data will also be reviewed...

..These results suggest that increased skeletal loading in childhood leads to an increase in peak bone mass independent of current loading...

..Inadequate sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake can result in vitamin D insufficiency. However, limited data are available on actual vitamin D status and predictors in healthy individuals in different regions and by season...

..To describe associations between dietary nutrient intake and progression of sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength...

..The association between hormonal contraceptive use and bone mineral density remains controversial...

..To describe associations between sociodemographic factors and calcium intake in premenopausal women...