Research Topics
| Basil DonovanSummaryAffiliation: University of New South Wales Country: Australia Publications
| Collaborators
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Detail Information
Publications
Maximising retention in a longitudinal study of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among young women in AustraliaJennifer Walker
Centre for Women s Health, Gender and Society, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
BMC Public Health 11:156. 2011..The aims of this paper are to describe the methods used to recruit and retain young women in a longitudinal study and to explore factors associated with loss to follow up...- 'The difference in determinants of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium in a sample of young Australian women'Jennifer Walker
Centre for Women s Health, Gender and Society, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
BMC Infect Dis 11:35. 2011..Differences in the determinants of Chlamydia trachomatis ('chlamydia') and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) genital infection in women are not well understood... 
Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination and trends in genital warts in Australia: analysis of national sentinel surveillance dataBasil Donovan
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Lancet Infect Dis 11:39-44. 2011..We established a national surveillance network in Australia and aimed to identify trends in diagnoses of genital warts in 2004-09...- Improving the health of sex workers in NSW: maintaining successBasil Donovan
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales
N S W Public Health Bull 21:74-7. 2010.... - High incidence of syphilis in HIV-positive homosexual men: data from two community-based cohort studiesFengyi Jin
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
Sex Health 6:281-4. 2009..We report incidence and risk factors for syphilis in two community-based cohorts of HIV-negative and HIV-positive homosexual men in Sydney, Australia... - Consensual sex between men and sexual violence in Australian prisonsJuliet Richters
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
Arch Sex Behav 41:517-24. 2012..The study achieved a high response rate and asked detailed questions to elicit reports of coercion and sex separately. Both consensual sex and sexual assault are less common than is generally believed... - The impact of HIV seroadaptive behaviors on sexually transmissible infections in HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, AustraliaFengyi Jin
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 39:191-4. 2012..Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroadaptive behaviors, such as serosorting and strategic positioning, are being increasingly practised by homosexual men; however, their impact on sexually transmissible infections is unclear... - Understanding trends in genital Chlamydia trachomatis can benefit from enhanced surveillance: findings from AustraliaHammad Ali
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Sex Transm Infect 88:552-7. 2012..To determine trends and correlates of chlamydia positivity among young heterosexuals attending Australian sexual health services and to compare these with population-based notification data... - Anal sexually transmitted infections and risk of HIV infection in homosexual menFengyi Jin
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Level 2, 376 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 53:144-9. 2010..We examined a range of common bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections as risk factors for HIV seroconversion in a community-based cohort of HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, Australia... - Will changes in gay men's sexual behavior reduce syphilis rates?Richard T Gray
Kirby Institute for Immunity Infection and Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 38:1151-8. 2011..Reducing rates of partner change and increasing condom usage among gay men are obvious targets for potentially reducing syphilis transmission among gay men... 
Risk factors for genital and anal warts in a prospective cohort of HIV-negative homosexual men: the HIM studyFengyi Jin
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 34:488-93. 2007..The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for genital and anal warts in HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney...- The decriminalization of prostitution is associated with better coverage of health promotion programs for sex workersChristine Harcourt
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, New South Wales and National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052
Aust N Z J Public Health 34:482-6. 2010..The cities were Melbourne (brothels legalized if licensed, unlicensed brothels criminalized), Perth (criminalization of all forms of sex work) and Sydney (sex work largely decriminalized, without licensing)... - Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for pharyngeal gonorrhoea in a community-based HIV-negative cohort of homosexual men in Sydney, AustraliaDavid J Templeton
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Level 2, 376 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
Sex Transm Infect 86:90-6. 2010..Pharyngeal gonorrhoea is common in homosexual men and may be important in maintaining community prevalence of anogenital infections... - Sexual practices and dental dam use among women prisoners--a mixed methods studyLorraine Yap
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Sex Health 7:170-6. 2010..However, we do not know whether they serve any useful public health purpose... - Does circumcision make a difference to the sexual experience of gay men? Findings from the Health in Men (HIM) cohortLimin Mao
National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
J Sex Med 5:2557-61. 2008..The relevance of circumcision in preventing male-to-male sexual transmission of HIV is poorly understood, in particular because any potential beneficial effect could be diminished by the impact of circumcision on sexual behavior... - Re-testing for chlamydia at sexual health services in Australia, 2004-08Rebecca Guy
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2034, Australia
Sex Health 8:242-7. 2011..To describe the frequency of the 3-month test for re-infection among sexual health service patients in Australia... - The decline in sexual assaults in men's prisons in New South Wales: a "systems" approachLorraine Yap
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
J Interpers Violence 26:3157-81. 2011..In anthropology, the term "system" is used widely for describing sociocultural phenomena of a given society in a holistic manner without reducing the complexity of a given community... - Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for human papillomavirus 16 seropositivity in Australian homosexual menIsobel Mary Poynten
HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 39:726-32. 2012..This cancer is markedly increasing among homosexual men. There is limited knowledge of the epidemiology and natural history of anal HPV infection in homosexual men... - High annual syphilis testing rates among gay men in Australia, but insufficient retestingRebecca Guy
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 39:268-75. 2012..Since 2000, infectious syphilis notifications have increased substantially among Australian gay men. We describe testing at a frequency lower than guidelines recommend... - Would gay men change their sexual behavior to reduce syphilis rates?Pol Dominic McCann
Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 38:1145-50. 2011..We aimed to elicit information on the acceptability of behavior change interventions among gay men for reducing syphilis transmission... - High rates of sexually transmitted infections in HIV positive homosexual men: data from two community based cohortsFengyi Jin
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Level 2, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
Sex Transm Infect 83:397-9. 2007..Background/.. - Could sexually transmissible infections be contributing to the increase in HIV infections among men who have sex with men in Australia?Melanie G Middleton
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Level 2 376 Victoria Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
Sex Health 5:131-40. 2008..To review existing data on sexually transmissible infections (STI) in men who have sex with men in Australia in order to determine the possible contribution of STI to diverging trends in HIV notifications in different states... - Circumcision and risk of HIV infection in Australian homosexual menDavid J Templeton
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Level 2, 376 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
AIDS 23:2347-51. 2009..To assess circumcision status as a risk factor for HIV seroconversion in homosexual men... - Using population attributable risk to choose HIV prevention strategies in men who have sex with menRebecca J Guy
Kirby Institute formerly the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
BMC Public Health 11:247. 2011..We undertook an analysis of the potential population impact and cost saving that would likely result from modifying key HIV risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sydney, Australia... - The impact of sexually transmissible infection programs in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia: a systematic reviewRebecca Guy
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sex Health 9:205-12. 2012..To systematically review evaluations of the impact of sexually transmissible infection (STI) programs delivered by primary health care services in remote Aboriginal communities... - Transmission of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in a prospective cohort of HIV-negative gay men: the health in men studyFengyi Jin
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
J Infect Dis 194:561-70. 2006..Despite increasing reports of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1)-associated anogenital herpes, there are very limited data comparing the seroepidemiological profile of and risk factors for HSV-1 and HSV type 2 (HSV-2) infection... - Circumcision and risk of sexually transmissible infections in a community-based cohort of HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, AustraliaDavid J Templeton
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
J Infect Dis 200:1813-9. 2009..Circumcision status was examined as an independent risk factor for sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in the Health in Men cohort of homosexual men in Sydney... - Lymphogranuloma venereum is rare in Australian community-based samples of men who have sex with menDavid J Templeton
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, 376 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 38:48-9. 2011..3 per 100 PY, 95% Confidence Interval 0.008-1.7. Routine LGV typing of chlamydia infections in asymptomatic Australian men who have sex with men does not appear justified... - Chlamydia at an inner metropolitan sexual health service in Sydney, NSW: Australian Collaboration for Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) ProjectNeil Franklin
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
Sex Health 7:478-83. 2010.... - Increasing chlamydia diagnoses but little change in hospitalisations for ectopic pregnancy and infertility among women in New South Wales from 2001 to 2008Bette Liu
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Sex Health 9:355-9. 2012.... - Interventions to increase rescreening for repeat chlamydial infectionRebecca Guy
The Kirby Institute formerly the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 39:136-46. 2012..We undertook a systematic review to identify studies that compared rates of rescreening for repeat chlamydial infection between patients receiving and not receiving an intervention... - Psychological distress and experience of sexual and physical assault among Australian prisonersKaren Schneider
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Crim Behav Ment Health 21:333-49. 2011..Prison populations are made up of individuals from disadvantaged, often abusive backgrounds, who are more likely to suffer from psychological problems than the general community... - Frequent testing of highly sexually active gay men is required to control syphilisRichard T Gray
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 37:298-305. 2010..The incidence of syphilis infections has been substantially increasing in gay men in the developed world... - Sex workers can be screened too often: a cost-effectiveness analysis in Victoria, AustraliaDavid P Wilson
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Sex Transm Infect 86:117-25. 2010..We aimed to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of the financial cost of the testing policy versus the health benefits of averting the transmission of HIV, syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhoea to clients... - Chemoprophylaxis is likely to be acceptable and could mitigate syphilis epidemics among populations of gay menDavid P Wilson
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 38:573-9. 2011..An innovative public health response could be the use of chemoprophylaxis. We sought out to determine the acceptability of syphilis chemoprophylaxis and its likely population effectiveness if it were adopted... - Sexual behaviour and sexual health of Australian prisonersTony Butler
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Sex Health 10:64-73. 2013..g. self-reported exposure to sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and female reproductive outcomes) using data from the Sexual Health and Attitudes of Australian Prisoners (SHAAP) survey... - Epidemiology of chlamydia and gonorrhoea among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, 2000-2009Simon Graham
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Med J Aust 197:642-6. 2012..To assess notification trends for chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in Indigenous Australians compared with non-Indigenous Australians in 2000-2009... - Penile implants among prisoners-a cause for concern?Lorraine Yap
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
PLoS ONE 8:e53065. 2013.... - Unprotected fellatio between female sex workers and their clients in Sydney, AustraliaPhillip J Read
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, GPO Box 1614, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
Sex Transm Infect 88:581-4. 2012..To assess the frequency and predictors of inconsistent condom use for fellatio at work by female sex workers (FSW) in Sydney and the prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhoea and other sexually transmitted infections in these women... - Chlamydia trends in men who have sex with men attending sexual health services in Australia, 2004-2008Rebecca Jane Guy
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Sex Transm Dis 38:339-46. 2011..We assessed trends and predictors of chlamydia testing and positivity among men who have sex with men (MSM), attending sexual health services in Australia... - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Sydney womenMarcus Y Chen
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 45:410-3. 2005..Opportunistic testing of sexually active young women attending clinical services for other reasons has already been implemented in a number of other countries... - Chlamydia prevention indicators for Australia: review of the evidence from New South WalesHammad Ali
The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sex Health 9:399-406. 2012..To guide public health programs, we developed 10 national chlamydia prevention indicators and report on each indicator for New South Wales (NSW)... - Increasing gay men's testing rates and enhancing partner notification can reduce the incidence of syphilisIan Down
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sex Health 9:472-80. 2012..We sought to determine whether gay men would be willing to increase syphilis testing and partner notification, and assessed the possible epidemiological impact these changes might have in the Australian population... - Improving adherence to guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pelvic inflammatory disease: a systematic reviewBette Liu
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2012:325108. 2012..We systematically reviewed the literature for studies describing strategies to improve the adherence to PID clinical guidelines... - Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in a low prevalence settingRuby N N Uddin
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
Sex Health 8:65-8. 2011..Trichomonas vaginalis has become rare in Australian cities but remains endemic in some remote regions. We describe the prevalence and associations of infection among women attending an urban Australian sexual health clinic... - Fixed sized samples for type-specific surveillance of human papillomavirus in genital wartsEdward K Waters
The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Sex Health 10:95-6. 2013.... - A new national Chlamydia Sentinel Surveillance System in Australia: evaluation of the first stage of implementationRebecca J Guy
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales
Commun Dis Intell 34:319-28. 2010..ACCESS has considerable potential as a mechanism toward supporting a better understanding of long-term trends in chlamydia notifications and to support policy and program delivery... - Efficacy of interventions to increase the uptake of chlamydia screening in primary care: a systematic reviewRebecca J Guy
The Kirby Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
BMC Infect Dis 11:211. 2011..We undertook a systematic review of studies assessing the efficacy of interventions for increasing the uptake of chlamydia screening in primary care... - Do condoms cause rape and mayhem? The long-term effects of condoms in New South Wales' prisonsLorraine Yap
National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales, Robert Webster Building, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
Sex Transm Infect 83:219-22. 2007.... - Mobile phones are a viable option for surveying young Australian women: a comparison of two telephone survey methodsBette Liu
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BMC Med Res Methodol 11:159. 2011..We therefore sought to examine the feasibility of recruiting young women for a national health survey through random digit dialling mobile phones... - Trends in clinical encounters for pelvic inflammatory disease and epididymitis in a national sample of Australian general practicesMarcus Y Chen
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital and School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Int J STD AIDS 17:384-6. 2006..Only 0.3% of encounters for PID and 1.9% of those for epididymitis resulted in hospital referral. On a population level, trends in the incidence of chlamydia-related diseases do not necessarily parallel those of reported chlamydia rates... - AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related mortality in the Asia-Pacific region in the era of combination antiretroviral treatmentKathleen Falster
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Level 2, 376 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
AIDS 23:2323-36. 2009..We explored predictors of AIDS and non-AIDS mortality and compared cause-specific mortality across high-income and low-income settings in the Asia-Pacific region... - Economic evaluation of monitoring virologic responses to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children in resource-limited settingsKaren Schneider
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
AIDS 25:1143-51. 2011..We investigated the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of different frequencies of monitoring plasma viral load among HIV-positive children initiating ART in a resource-limited setting... - Sex work and the lawChristine Harcourt
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, NSW, Australia
Sex Health 2:121-8. 2005..However, more rigorous population-based research is needed to properly assess the health and welfare impacts of legal approaches to sex work... - Chlamydia trachomatis re-infections in a population-based cohort of womenBette Liu
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Sex Transm Infect 89:45-50. 2013..Re-infection with chlamydia may increase subsequent reproductive morbidity in women. The authors sought to identify characteristics associated with re-infection... - Epidemiology of syphilis in Australia: moving toward elimination of infectious syphilis from remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities?James S Ward
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW jwardATkirby unsw edu au
Med J Aust 194:525-9. 2011..To describe the epidemiology of infectious syphilis among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) people in Australia... - Developing and validating a risk scoring tool for chlamydia infection among sexual health clinic attendees in Australia: a simple algorithm to identify those at high risk of chlamydia infectionHandan Wand
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
BMJ Open 1:e000005. 2011..Conclusion The scoring tool may be included as part of a health promotion and/or clinic website to prompt those who are at increased risk of chlamydia infection, which may potentially lead to increased uptake and frequency of testing... - The differing profiles of symptomatic and asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis-infected men in a clinical settingMarcus Y Chen
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, Australia School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
Int J STD AIDS 18:384-8. 2007..In conclusion, in a clinical setting, there appear to be differences in the profiles of symptomatic and asymptomatic chlamydia-infected men... - Hospitalizations in a cohort of HIV patients in Australia, 1999-2007Kathleen Falster
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
AIDS 24:1329-39. 2010..To describe hospitalization rates, risk factors and associated diagnoses in people with HIV in Australia between 1999 and 2007... - Tracking type specific prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical pre-cancer: a novel sampling strategyEdward K Waters
The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BMC Med Res Methodol 12:77. 2012..This paper develops a protocol that eliminates the need to calculate required sample size; sample size is difficult to calculate in advance because HPV's true type-specific prevalence is imperfectly known... - Who declines to give a name at a sexual health service?Heidi C Spillane
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Sex Transm Infect 83:160-2. 2007..To characterise patients who decline to provide their surname at a public sexual health centre... - Hepatitis A and B infection and vaccination in a cohort of homosexual men in SydneyFengyi Jin
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
Sex Health 1:227-37. 2004..To determine the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis A (HAV) and B (HBV) infection and vaccination in HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, and associated risk factors... - Population attributable risk for chlamydia infection in a cohort of young international travellers (backpackers) and residents in AustraliaHandan Wand
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
BMJ Open 1:e000004. 2011..Reporting multiple partners was also associated with a large proportion of infections and the risk associated with this behaviour should be considered in health promotion strategies... - Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and injectable progesteroneLinda Dayan
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Lancet 364:1387-8. 2004 - A longitudinal evaluation of Treponema pallidum PCR testing in early syphilisMatt Shields
BMC Infect Dis 12:353. 2012..Syphilis is a growing public health problem among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Rapid and accurate detection of syphilis is vital to ensure patients and their contacts receive timely treatment and reduce ongoing transmission... - Changes in testing methods for genital Chlamydia trachomatis in New South Wales, Australia, 1999 to 2002Marcus Y Chen
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, GPO Box 1614, Sydney, New South Wales 2001, Australia
Sex Health 2:251-3. 2005..The relative frequency of different testing methods employed in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in New South Wales has not been previously reported... - Demand for sexual health services during the Olympic Games: both sides of the Sherman effectAnna M McNulty
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, PO Box 1614, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
Int J STD AIDS 14:307-8. 2003..f. 3%: OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.06-3.13 P=0.03). The normal clinic population was replaced by an increased proportion of symptomatic patients who were recent arrivals in Australia... - Completeness and timeliness of treatment for chlamydia within a sexual health serviceMarcus Y Chen
Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, GPO Box 1614, Sydney, New South Wales 2001, Australia
Int J STD AIDS 15:762-4. 2004....